Sectional notes     

H. G. Zuckeman  C. H. Metzger  B. A. Brown  W. B. Ward  Frank W. Hussey  Ralph W. Donaldson  A. G. Tolaas  Lionel Harris  Marx Koehnke  Dan O/’Brien  W. H. Martin  E. V. Hardenburg  Robert Schmidt  E. B. Tussing  K. W. Lauer  T. E. Odland  Brooks D. Drain  G. S. Ralston  Harold L. Bailey  J. G. Milward 《American Journal of Potato Research》1936,13(7):189-200

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Standard and modified glabellar flap for medial canthus reconstruction following mass removal in three dogs and two cats     

Havi Sarfaty  Raaya Ezra-Elia  Nili Kahane  Shai Sandalon  Yifat Segev  Lionel Sebbag 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2023,26(2):121-127

Purpose

To describe the surgical technique and clinical outcomes of the glabellar flap and its modification for the reconstruction of the medial canthus following resection of tumors in three dogs and two cats.

Methods

Three dogs (7-, 7-, and 12.5-year-old mixed breeds) and two cats (10- and 14-year-old Domestic shorthair) presented with a 7–13 mm tumor affecting the eyelid and/or conjunctiva in the medial canthal region. Following en bloc mass excision, an inverted V-shaped skin incision was made in the glabellar region (i.e., the area between the eyebrows in humans). The apex of the inverted V-shaped flap was rotated in three cases, whereas a horizontal sliding movement was performed in the other two cases to better cover the surgical wound. The surgical flap was then trimmed to fit the surgical wound and sutured in place in two layers (subcutaneous and cutaneous).

Results

Tumors were diagnosed as mast cell tumors (n = 3), amelanotic conjunctival melanoma (n = 1), and apocrine ductal adenoma (n = 1). No recurrence was noted in a follow-up time of 146 ± 84 days. Satisfactory cosmetic outcome with normal eyelids closure was achieved in all cases. Mild trichiasis was present in all patients and mild epiphora was noted in 2/5 patients, but there were no associated clinical signs such as discomfort or keratitis.

Conclusions

The glabellar flap was easy to perform and provided a good outcome in terms of cosmetic, eyelid function, and corneal health. Postoperative complications from trichiasis appear to be minimized by the presence of the third eyelid in this region.  相似文献   

Ocular surface physiology and aqueous tear secretion in cats of diverse cephalic conformations     

Jelena Oksa-Minaļto  David J. Maggs  Jekaterina Akimova  Aija Ilgaža  Lionel Sebbag 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2023,26(Z1):109-118

Objective

To describe normative ocular surface and aqueous tear testing data for cats of various cephalic conformation.

Animals studied

Fifty-three healthy adult cats (11 British Shorthair, 11 Burmese, 10 Devon Rex, 10 Scottish Fold, and 11 Sphynx).

Procedures

Blink rate, corneal tactile sensation (CTS), and Schirmer tear test with or without topical anesthesia (STT-1, STT-2) and with nasolacrimal stimulation (NL-STT1, NL-STT2) were assessed. Palpebral fissure length (PFL) and skull morphology were measured, and cephalic index (CI) and craniofacial ratio (CFR) calculated.

Results

Mean ± SD test results were as follows: blink rate (5.0 ± 2.3 blinks/min), CTS (3.2 ± 0.7 cm), STT-1 (11.2 ± 4.3 mm/min), STT-2 (6.7 ± 3.6 mm/min), NL-STT1 (13.4 ± 5.7 mm/min), NL-STT2 (13.5 ± 5.2 mm/min), and PFL (2.0 ± 0.2 cm). Corneal sensitivity did not differ significantly among breeds (p = .152) but was negatively correlated with body weight (r = −.32, p = .019). STT-1 significantly differed among breeds (p < .001) and was lowest in Sphynx cats (8.7 ± 4.3 mm/min). A positive correlation was detected between STT-1 values at 30 and 60 s (r = .98; p < .001). The nasolacrimal reflex significantly increased STT in anesthetized and unanesthetized eyes (approximately +100% and +20%, respectively; p ≤ .002). STT-1 tended to be higher in intact versus neutered cats (p = .062). Age did not impact any test result (p ≥ .085).

Conclusions

Normative data described here serve as a baseline for future studies assessing ocular surface disease in multiple feline breeds. Unlike dogs, brachycephalic cats did not have lower CTS or STT-1 than non-brachycephalic cats.  相似文献   

An eye on the Shih Tzu dog: Ophthalmic examination findings and ocular surface diagnostics     

Lionel Sebbag  Ana Paula S. M. Silva  Álex P. B. Santos  Ana Cláudia S. Raposo  Arianne P. Oriá 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2023,26(Z1):59-71

Objective

To characterize the ocular surface parameters and determine the prevalence of ocular pathology in Shih Tzu dogs.

Animal Studied

Fifty Shih Tzu dogs (28 male, 22 female).

Procedures

Each dog underwent a complete ophthalmic examination (recording any pathology) and a series of diagnostics, allowing for a 10 min-interval between tests: intraocular pressure (IOP), blink rate, palpebral fissure length (PFL), corneal tactile sensation (CTS), Schirmer tear test and nasolacrimal reflex without (STT-1, NL-STT1) and with topical anesthesia (STT-2, NL-STT2), tear ferning, strip meniscometry test (SMT), tear film breakup time (TFBUT), and punctate fluorescein staining (PFS) of the cornea.

Results

Mean ± SD test values were as follows: IOP (17.9 ± 3.7 mmHg), blink rate (2.4 ± 1.4 blinks/min), PFL (23.8 ± 1.8 mm), CTS (1.8 ± 0.7 cm), STT-1 (22.0 ± 5.5 mm/min), NL-STT1 (24.2 ± 4.7 mm/min), STT-2 (16.9 ± 6.5 mm/min), NL-STT2 (18.5 ± 7.5 mm/min), SMT (7.5 ± 3.5 mm/5 s), TFBUT (5.3 ± 2.4 s), tear ferning (1.3 ± 0.7), and PFS (1.6 ± 0.6). PFL was significantly greater in male vs. female Shih Tzus (p< .001). Age was negatively correlated with TFBUT results (r = −0.31, p = .027). Lagophthalmos was observed in 82% eyes. Ocular surface pathology was common, including adnexal abnormalities (100% eyes with caruncular trichiasis and medial lower lid entropion) and corneal opacification (27% pigmentation, 20% fibrosis, 12% neovascularization).

Conclusions

Qualitative tear film deficiency (low TFBUT), along with several anatomical abnormalities that promote ocular irritation and reduce globe protection, together help explain the concerningly high prevalence of ocular surface disease in the Shih Tzu breed. Prophylactic measures (e.g., medial canthoplasty, topical lubrication) could be considered to improve ocular health in Shih Tzus.  相似文献   

Heritability of tolerance to manganese toxicity in lucerne     

Lionel Dessureaux 《Euphytica》1959,8(3):260-265

Tolerance to manganese toxicity in lucerne, assessed from four different seedling criteria in the selfed and crossed progenies of 4 parents, gave high heritability, as estimated from a parent-progeny regression analysis, interpreted under the assumption of autotetraploid inheritance. Genes controlling this character were therefore assumed to be additive and to have low or no dominance, thus increasing the effectiveness of selection.

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Samenvatting Tolerantie tegen mangaanvergiftiging bij lucerne, bepaald met behulp van 4 criteria in nakomelingschappen verkregen door zelfbestuiving en kruisbestuiving van 4 ouders, vertoonden een hoge graad van erfelijkheid. Dit werd vastgesteld met behulp van een regressie-analyse der nakomelingschappen, geïnterpreteerd op basis van autotetraploide overerving.Verondersteld werd dat de erffactoren voor deze eigenschap een additieve werking hebben en een geringe of geen dominantie vertonen, zodat daardoor het effect van selectie gunstig wordt.

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Effects of tillage and fallow period management on soil physical behaviour and maize development     

Lionel Alletto  Yves Coquet  Eric Justes 《Agricultural Water Management》2011,102(1):74

Effects of two tillage treatments and two fallow period managements under continuous maize cropping on soil temperature, soil water dynamics and maize development were evaluated over a 4-year period (2005–2008). Tillage treatments were conventional tillage with mouldboard ploughing and conservation tillage with disk harrowing. The fallow period managements were bare soil or soil sown with a cover crop after maize harvest. For each year, topsoil temperature (0–20 cm-depth) was lower under conservation tillage systems at sowing, from 0.8 to 2.8 °C. This difference persisted several weeks after sowing, and disappeared afterwards. Under conservation tillage, higher soil water content was generally measured at sowing and during the growing season strong fluctuations were observed at 40 cm-depth. Under conventional tillage, soil water content varied mainly in the tilled layer (20 cm-depth). Tillage and fallow period management affected water flow rate at 40 cm-depth. During the maize growing season, the lowest drainage volumes were measured in 2006 and 2008 under conservation tillage in cover cropped plots. No effect of fallow period management on maize development and yield was observed but significantly higher yields were measured under conservation tillage in 2005 and 2007. From this 4-year experiment under continuous maize cropping, using cover crop and reducing tillage intensity enhanced water use efficiency while maintaining or increasing maize yields.  相似文献   

Corneal hypoesthesia,aqueous tear deficiency,and neurotrophic keratopathy following micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in dogs     

Lionel Sebbag  Elizabeth E. Crabtree  John S. Sapienza  Kay Kim  Elena Rodriguez 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2020,23(1):171-180

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Oculo‐skeletal dysplasia in five Labrador Retrievers     

Lionel Sebbag  Alexandra Riggs  Joyce Carnevale 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2020,23(2):386-393

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Differential copper impact on density,diversity and resistance of adapted culturable bacterial populations according to soil organic status     

David P.H. Lejon  Noémie Pascault  Lionel Ranjard 《European Journal of Soil Biology》2010,46(2):168-174

The effect of copper on the abundance, diversity and resistance of viable heterotrophic and copper resistant bacterial populations (Cu^R) was evaluated in soils differing only by their amount and type of organic matter. These soils have been obtained using a vineyard soil that had been subjected to three different organic matter managements (Not Amended (NA) or amended with Straw (S) or Conifer Compost (CC)) in a long term field experiment. Soil microcosms were artificially contaminated with copper (250 mg Cu kg^?1 of soil) and incubated for 35 days. Throughout the incubation, a differential copper impact on viable heterotrophic and Cu^R bacterial enumeration was demonstrated according to the soil organic status with a magnitude which followed the order: NA > CC ≥ S. Diversity of Cu^R bacteria revealed no significant difference between the uncontaminated soils, as determined by 16S rRNA sequencing. However, copper spiking induced an enrichment of particular populations depending on soil, with Methylobacterium, Ralstonia and Staphylococcus like species becoming dominant in NA, S and CC soils, respectively. Evaluation of the copA gene distribution and diversity, through PCR detection and sequencing, revealed that few Cu^R bacteria (from 7 to 13%) possessed this genetic determinant before the addition of metal. Copper contamination induced an increase in the dissemination of homologous copA genes only in Ralstonia like species indigenous to S soils. From a functional point of view, copper minimum inhibitory concentration for each Cu^R strain was measured. It did not highlight variable copper resistance efficiency between strains belonging to different taxonomic groups, harboring or not the copA gene, and originating from different soils contaminated or not by copper.  相似文献   

Stocktake study of current fertilisation recommendations across Europe and discussion towards a more harmonised approach     

Suzanne Higgins  Saskia D. Keesstra  Žydrė Kadziuliene  Lionel Jordan-Meille  David Wall  Alessandra Trinchera  Heide Spiegel  Taru Sandén  Andreas Baumgarten  Johannes L. Jensen  Juliane Hirte  Frank Liebisch  Susanne Klages  Philipp Löw  Katrin Kuka  Maarten De Boever  Karoline D'Haene  Sevinc Madenoglu  Hesna Özcan  Wieke Vervuurt  Janjo de Haan  Willem van Geel  Bo Stenberg  Pascal Denoroy  Rok Mihelič  Alar Astover  Raquel Mano  Cristina Sempiterno  Fatima Calouro  Giuseppe Valboa  Helena Aronsson  Tore Krogstad  Stanislav Torma  Jose Gabriel  Peter Laszlo  Nils Borchard  Bartosz Adamczyk  Anna Jacobs  Beata Jurga  Bożena Smreczak  Bruno Huyghebaert  Morgan Abras  Raimonds Kasparinskis  Eloise Mason  Claire Chenu 《European Journal of Soil Science》2023,74(5):e13422

The European Commission has set targets for a reduction in nutrient losses by at least 50% and a reduction in fertiliser use by at least 20% by 2030 while ensuring no deterioration in soil fertility. Within the mandate of the European Joint Programme EJP Soil ‘Towards climate-smart sustainable management of agricultural soils’, the objective of this study was to assess current fertilisation practices across Europe and discuss the potential for harmonisation of fertilisation methodologies as a strategy to reduce nutrient loss and overall fertiliser use. A stocktake study of current methods of delivering fertilisation advice took place across 23 European countries. The stocktake was in the form of a questionnaire, comprising 46 questions. Information was gathered on a large range of factors, including soil analysis methods, along with soil, crop and climatic factors taken into consideration within fertilisation calculations. The questionnaire was completed by experts, who are involved in compiling fertilisation recommendations within their country. Substantial differences exist in the content, format and delivery of fertilisation guidelines across Europe. The barriers, constraints and potential benefits of a harmonised approach to fertilisation across Europe are discussed. The general consensus from all participating countries was that harmonisation of fertilisation guidelines should be increased, but it was unclear in what format this could be achieved. Shared learning in the delivery and format of fertilisation guidelines and mechanisms to adhere to environmental legislation were viewed as being beneficial. However, it would be very difficult, if not impossible, to harmonise all soil test data and fertilisation methodologies at EU level due to diverse soil types and agro-ecosystem influences. Nevertheless, increased future collaboration, especially between neighbouring countries within the same environmental zone, was seen as potentially very beneficial. This study is unique in providing current detail on fertilisation practices across European countries in a side-by-side comparison. The gathered data can provide a baseline for the development of scientifically based EU policy targets for nutrient loss and soil fertility evaluation.  相似文献