The Blonde d’Aquitaine T3811>G3811 mutation in the myostatin gene: association with growth,carcass, and muscle phenotypes in veal calves     

Aurlie Vinet  Claire Bouyer  Lionel Forestier  Ahmad Oulmouden  Vronique Blanquet  Brigitte Picard  Isabelle Cassar-Malek  Muriel Bonnet  Dominique Rocha  Gilles Renand 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(2)

The mutation T3811 → G3811 (TG3811) discovered in the myostatin gene of the Blonde d’Aquitaine breed is suspected of contributing to the outstanding muscularity of this breed. An experiment was designed to estimate the effect of this mutation in an F2 and back-cross Blonde d’Aquitaine × Holstein population. By genotyping all known mutations in the myostatin gene, it was ensured that the TG3811 mutation was indeed the only known mutation segregating in this population. Fifty-six calves (43 F2, 13 back-cross) were intensively fattened and slaughtered at 24.0 ± 1.4 wk of age. The effects of the mutation were estimated by comparing the calves with the [T/T] (n = 18), [T/G] (n = 30), and [G/G] (n = 8) genotypes. Highly significant substitution effects (P < 0.001), above + 1.2 phenotypic SD, were shown on carcass yield and muscularity scores. Birth weight (P < 0.001) was positively affected by the mutation (+0.8 SD) but not growth rate (P = 0.97), while carcass length (P = 0.03), and fatness (P ≤ 0.03) were negatively affected (–0.5 to –0.7 SD). The characteristics of the Triceps brachii muscle were affected by the mutation (P < 0.001), with lower ICDH activity (oxidative) and a higher proportion of myosin type 2X muscle fibers (fast twitch). The effects of the TG3811 mutation were similar to those of other known myostatin mutations, although the Blonde d’Aquitaine animals, which are predominantly [G/G] homozygous, do not exhibit extreme double muscling.  相似文献   

The pandemic of ocular surface disease in brachycephalic dogs: The brachycephalic ocular syndrome     

Lionel Sebbag  Rick F. Sanchez 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2023,26(Z1):31-46

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Application of a putative fatty-acid binding protein to discriminate serologically the two European quarantine root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M. fallax, from other Meloidogyne species     

Christophe Tastet  Florence Val  Michel Lesage  Lionel Renault  Laurent Marché  Michel Bossis  Didier Mugniéry 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2001,107(8):821-832

Two major proteins, Mcf-A67 and Mcf-B66, were identified by mini two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in order to distinguish the two European quarantine root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M. fallax, from eight other species. These quarantine proteinic markers have been microsequenced after enzymatic digestion. The internal amino acid sequences exhibit similarities to members of a family of low molecular weight intracellular lipid-binding proteins. Moreover, to explore a simple, rapid, and inexpensive way to identify the two quarantine nematodes, dot blot hybridizations were performed using an antiserum (A67) produced from the longest amino-acid sequence of the protein Mcf-A67. Although several proteins stained on the M. chitwoodi and M. fallax western blot membranes, the two nematodes were easily distinguished from other root-knot nematodes, on dot blot assays with soluble proteins extracted from a single female. Because of its specificity and sensitivity, the use of the A67 antiserum to improve the diagnosis of the two European quarantine root-knot nematodes is discussed.  相似文献   

Sectional notes     

C. H. Metzger  W. B. Ward  John S. Gardner  Ralph W. Donaldson  A. G. Tolaas  E. E. Isaac  Marx Koehnke  Lionel Harris  W. H. Martin  E. B. Tussing  J. B. R. Dickey  K. W. Lauer  T. E. Odland  J. G. Milward 《American Journal of Potato Research》1937,14(7):224-232

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Sectional notes     

J. H. Heckman  H. G. Zuckerman  C. H. Metzger  B. A. Brown  E. R. Bennett  W. B. Ward  C. L. Fitch  O. H. Elmer  Jhon S. Gardner  Julan C. Miller  Frank W. Hussey  E. L. Newdick  Ralph W. Donaldson  Lionel Harris  H. O. Werner  Wm. H. Martin  E. V. Hardenburg  T. E. Odland  Robert Schmidt  Geo E. Prince  Brooks D. Drain  Harold L. Bailey  G. S. Ralston  Chase D. Gaines  J. G. Milward  John Tucker 《American Journal of Potato Research》1935,12(6):158-170

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Summer mortality of hatchery-produced Pacific oyster spat (Crassostrea gigas). I. Estimation of genetic parameters for survival and growth     

Lionel Dégremont  Bruno Ernande  Pierre Boudry 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2007,262(1):41-53

The multidisciplinary project “MOREST” aims to improve our understanding of causes of summer mortality in Crassostrea gigas juveniles in France and to reduce its impact on oyster production. As part of the MOREST project, 43 full-sib families nested within 17 half-sib families were produced, planted out and tested in 3 sites during summer 2001 to assess to what extent genetic variability exists for this trait. A strong genetic basis was found for survival as narrow-sense heritability estimates ranged from 0.47 to 1.08, with higher values in sites where summer mortality was higher. Genetic correlations across sites were positive and very high for survival, indicating no genotype by environment interaction. In contrast, lower genetic variation was observed for growth in all sites. Finally, genetic correlations between growth and survival were low, in all sites. Selective breeding in a single site should therefore be an efficient means of improving survival in oysters less than one year old along the French Atlantic and Channel coastlines with only very limited effects on growth. As yield mostly depends on survival and growth, this approach should significantly improve harvestable yield. Possible reasons why a high genetic variance for survival appears to be maintained in wild populations are discussed.  相似文献   

Sectional note     

H. G. Zuckerman  A. H. Eddins  W. B. Ward  Frank W. Hussey  R. A. Jehle  Ralph W. Donaldson  Lionel Harris  Mark Koehnke  E. V. Hardenburg  T. E. Odland  S. P. Swenson  Brooks D. Drain  Harold L. Bailey  J. G. Milward 《American Journal of Potato Research》1937,14(6):195-202

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Editorial     

Lionel P. Smith  William E. Reifsnyder 《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》1985,34(1):1-6

Whether or not fruit buds in orchards can be protected from freezing by the use of fans, when no temperature inversion exists, depends upon the degree of bud radiant cooling at such times. Nighttime bud cooling in apple and peach orchards was estimated by comparing the temperature of buds and the adjacent air. The extent of radiant cooling was usually less than 0.6°C below ambient. Even this modest degree of radiant bud cooling appeared to require conditions with less than 60% cloud cover and wind speed less than 1 to 1.5 m s^?1 at a height of 2 m. However, such conditions were also accompanied by inversions. The protective potential of fans in the absence of an inversion (postulated on the basis of bud radiant cooling) is therefore disclaimed on two accounts: (1) that the bud/air temperature difference is quite small and would only rarely span the bud critical temperature, and (2) that bud cooling would probably not occur during conditions which prevent the presence of an inversion.  相似文献   

Adaptive phenotypic plasticity in response to climate change in a wild bird population     

Charmantier A  McCleery RH  Cole LR  Perrins C  Kruuk LE  Sheldon BC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5877):800-803

Rapid climate change has been implicated as a cause of evolution in poorly adapted populations. However, phenotypic plasticity provides the potential for organisms to respond rapidly and effectively to environmental change. Using a 47-year population study of the great tit (Parus major) in the United Kingdom, we show that individual adjustment of behavior in response to the environment has enabled the population to track a rapidly changing environment very closely. Individuals were markedly invariant in their response to environmental variation, suggesting that the current response may be fixed in this population. Phenotypic plasticity can thus play a central role in tracking environmental change; understanding the limits of plasticity is an important goal for future research.  相似文献   

Societal implications of changes in the organization of agricultural production     

Joseph J. Molnar  Lionel J. Beaulieu 《Agriculture and Human Values》1984,1(4):38-44

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