Effects of N fertilization on yield for low-input production in Spanish wheat landraces (Triticum turgidum L. and Triticum monococcum L.)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. Ruiz    E. Aguiriano    J. M. Carrillo 《Plant Breeding》2008,127(1):20-23

A core subset of Spanish durum wheat landraces was evaluated at two nitrogen levels (80 and 220 kg/ha) to identify landrace genotypes adapted to low N production. Yield differences were statistically significant between N levels and among genotypes at both levels. Fifty-one per cent of the landraces yielded significantly more at low than at high N (low-N varieties) while 26% had a positive (high-N varieties) and 23% an indifferent (indifferent-N varieties) response to N fertilizer. No significant agromorphological differences were found among low and high-N varieties at low N level that conferred some advantage to low-N varieties. In contrast, high-N varieties possessed longer grain-filling period under high N level. Phenological characters showed an important influence on yield and on the performance of the varieties within each subgroup. The traits affecting grain yield most positively, mainly the low-N varieties, were long filling period and earliness. Five entries were selected for prebreeding to low N adaptation.  相似文献   

Light interception and radiation use efficiency in temperate quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivars   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R.A. Ruiz  H.D. Bertero   《European Journal of Agronomy》2008,29(2-3):144-152

Sea level quinoas are grown at low altitudes in Central and Southern Chile. Both sensitivity to photoperiod and response to temperature largely determine quinoa adaptation, but crop biomass production must be quantified to evaluate agronomic performance. The objectives of this work are: (i) to characterize development effects on leaf area evolution for genotypes of sea level quinoa differing in cycle length, (ii) to quantify the extinction coefficient (k) for photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and radiation use efficiency (RUE) from emergence up to the beginning of grain filling and (iii) to identify which crop attributes related to canopy architecture should be considered to improve biomass production. Four cultivars (NL-6, RU-5, CO-407 and Faro) were cropped in Pergamino (33°56′S, 60°35′W, 65 m a.s.l.), Argentina, at three densities (from 22 to 66 plants m⁻²) in two consecutive years under field conditions with adequate water and nutrient supply. Thermal time to first anthesis and maximum leaf number on the main stem were linearly correlated (r² = 0.87; p < 0.0001). Leaf area continued to increase during the flowering phase, notably in NL-6, the earliest genotype. There were significant differences in maximum plant leaf area between cultivars. Increasing density reduced plant leaf area but effects were comparatively small. Estimated k was 0.59 ± 0.02 across genotypes and was higher (p < 0.05) for 66 plants m⁻². Values for RUE changed as cumulative intercepted PAR (IPAR) increased; at initial stages of development RUE was 1.25 ± 0.09 g MJ IPAR⁻¹, but if cumulative IPAR was higher than 107.5 ± 10.4 MJ IPAR m⁻², RUE was 2.68 ± 0.15 g MJ IPAR⁻¹. That change occurred when leaf area index (LAI) and fraction of PAR intercepted were still low and ranged from 0.61 to 1.38 and from 0.33 to 0.51, respectively. No significant association was found with any developmental stage. Our results agreed to the notion that RUE variation during pre-anthesis phases is largely determined by LAI through its effect on radiation distribution within the canopy. Biomass production could be improved if periods of interception below 50% of incoming PAR were reduced to ensure high RUE. This seems to be possible in temperate areas both by the use of late genotypes with a higher number of leaves on the main stem and by early genotypes provided adequate plant density is chosen. Early increment in LAI and overlapping of the leaf area increase period with the flowering phase are desirable strategies for earliest genotypes to maximize yield.  相似文献   

Exploitation of Exotic, Cultivated Solanum Germplasm for Breeding and Commercial Purposes     

Enrique Ritter  Leire Barandalla  Raquel López  José Ignacio Ruiz de Galarreta 《Potato Research》2008,51(3-4):301-311

Native potato species (NPS) are cultivated potatoes which do not belong to S. tuberosum ssp. tuberosum. They are maintained by the farmers of the Andes for subsistence under harsh environmental conditions where other potatoes cannot compete. Within the huge phenotypic variability between and within these species certain accessions possess resistances to different pests and diseases, remarkable culinary and processing quality and favourable nutritional properties. We present first evaluation results of a set of NPS for these characters and discuss prospects for exploiting this valuable germplasm for breeding and for developing novel products for niche markets.  相似文献   

Application of image analysis for the varietal classification of barley:: Morphological features   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Piotr Zapotoczny  Magdalena Zielinska  Zygmunt Nita 《Journal of Cereal Science》2008,48(1):104-110

This paper presents an exploratory investigation of the application of morphological features in image analysis for varietal classification of Polish spring barley. The objective of this study was to determine the utility of morphological features for classifying individual kernels of five varieties of barley. Furthermore, this study was performed to find the best method to classify kernels of barley with the lowest error of classification. Image processing consisted of several steps: image acquisition, segmentation, external and internal image feature extraction, classification and interpretation. Each barley kernel was described using 74 morphological features. The selection was carried out using three methods based on: Fisher's coefficient, probability of error and average correlation coefficient and mutual information. Principle component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and non-linear discriminant analysis (NDA) were used throughout this paper as the classification methods. The results confirmed that the method using morphological features may be successfully employed in image analysis for preliminary varietal identification of barley kernels. Furthermore, LDA was found to be the method which best separated different varieties of objects.  相似文献   

Production of transgenic adult plants from clementine mandarin by enhancing cell competence for transformation and regeneration   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Cervera M  Navarro A  Navarro L  Peña L 《Tree physiology》2008,28(1):55-66

Genetic transformation of mature trees is difficult because adult tissues are recalcitrant to Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection and transformation and because transgenic mature events are less competent for regeneration. We have shown that reinvigoration allows manipulation of the vegetative phase to increase the potential for transformation and regeneration without loss of competence for flowering and fruiting. To produce transgenic plants from clementine mandarin (Citrus clementina hort. ex Tanaka), we optimized the conditions of the source material both ex vitro and in vitro. Grafting of mature buds on juvenile rootstocks in the spring and preventing multiple bud sprouting by removing all but one bud permitted selection of vigorous first flushes for in vitro culture. Use of additional virulence genes from A. tumefaciens to increase transformation frequency and optimization of culture media and conditions to enhance explant cell competence for T-DNA integration and organogenesis resulted in efficient and reliable transgenic plant production. Transformed regenerants from explants, cultured in media without antibiotics, were identified by a screenable marker (either beta-glucuronidase or green fluorescent protein (GFP)), creating the possibility of generating transgenic clementine plants without antibiotic resistance marker genes. Stable integration of foreign genes was demonstrated by Southern blot analysis, and expression of these foreign genes was confirmed by detection of GFP fluorescence in leaves, floral organs and fruits of the transgenic plants.  相似文献   

Prospects for Reduced Impact Logging in Central African logging concessions     

Driss Ezzine de Blas  Manuel Ruiz Pérez 《Forest Ecology and Management》2008

Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) has traditionally been described as a set of forest management practices that reduce logging impacts and improve productivity. In this paper, we review the evolution of the logging sector in the Congo basin since the early 20th century. We argue that logging in the Congo basin has been little influenced by RIL until the recent regional Forestry Law reforms that started in Cameroon in 1994. RIL has not been integrated into the logging sector of the region as an independent body of knowledge, but more as a complement of the new mandatory management plans. In spite of its proven environmental and economic advantages, the role of RIL in improving forest management has been poorly understood, and we identify some causes of this situation. Finally, based on a regional study of 30 concessions, we analyse the frequency of some RIL-related practices and their relation with markets and certification schemes. We conclude that a clear definition of what RIL techniques are embraced by the logging sector is needed if RIL is to fully benefit from the recent development of new market and logging schemes based on certification, improved logging efficiency and a more transparent chain of custody.  相似文献   

A quick methodology to identify sexual seedlings in citrus breeding programs using SSR markers   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Carlos Ruiz  M Paz Breto  M.J. Asíns 《Euphytica》2000,112(1):89-94

In citrus breeding and genetics, it is very important to distinguish between zygotic and nucellar seedlings in order to eliminate unwanted genotypes. Usually, isozyme marker shave been employed to determine the genetic origin of young plants. In this work we propose the use of SSR markers as an alternative methodology and compare them with isozymes in this kind of screenings. Two different populations were analysed: one derives from an interspecific cross and the other from selfing. We conclude that, in most cases, microsatellites are more efficient than isozymic markers to identify the sexual origin of citrus seedlings, given their higher level of polymorphism and the scarce number of polymorphic isozymes in some populations. We describe a quick and efficient methodology for SSR analysis, including a fast DNA extraction in microcentrifuge tubes, and visualization through silver staining, which eliminates the need for a labelling step. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Exogenous Salicylic Acid Improves Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity in Table Grapes     

Blanch  Gracia Patricia  Gómez-Jiménez  Maria C.  del Castillo  Maria Luisa Ruiz 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2020,75(2):177-183

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Grapes contain high contents of phenolics, which are known to possess health promoting properties. Exogenous application of phytoregulators, mainly methyl...  相似文献   

Mussel Shells,a Valuable Calcium Resource for the Pharmaceutical Industry     

Magdalena Mititelu  Gabriela Stanciu  Doina Dr&#x;g&#x;nescu  Ana Corina Ioni&#x;  Sorinel Marius Neac&#x;u  Mihaela Dinu  Raluca-Ioana Stefan-van Staden  Elena Moro&#x;an 《Marine drugs》2022,20(1)

(1) Background: The mussel (Mytilus edulis, Mytilus galloprovincialis) is the most widespread lamellibranch mollusk, being fished on all coasts of the European seas. Mussels are also widely grown in Japan, China, and Spain, especially for food purposes. This paper shows an original technique for mussel shell processing for preparation of calcium salts, such as calcium levulinate. This process involves synthesis of calcium levulinate by treatment of Mytilus galloprovincialis shells with levulinic acid. The advantage of mussel shell utilization results in more straightforward qualitative composition. Thus, the weight of the mineral component lies with calcium carbonate, which can be used for extraction of pharmaceutical preparations. (2) Methods: Shell powder was first deproteinized by calcination, then the mineral part was treated with levulinic acid. The problem of shells generally resulting from the industrialization of marine molluscs creates enough shortcomings, if one only mentions storage and handling. One of the solutions proposed by us is the capitalization of calcium from shells in the pharmaceutical industry. (3) Results: The toxicity of calcium levulinate synthesized from the mussel shells was evaluated by the method known in the scientific literature as the Constantinescu phytobiological method (using wheat kernels, Triticum vulgare Mill). Acute toxicity of calcium levulinate was evaluated; the experiments showed the low toxicity of calcium levulinate. (4) Conclusion: The experimental results highlighted calcium as the predominant element in the composition of mussel shells, which strengthens the argument of capitalizing the shells as an important natural source of calcium.  相似文献   

Evidence for long-term prevalence of cucumber vein yellowing virus in Sudan and genetic variation of the virus in Sudan and the Mediterranean Basin     

C. Desbiez  P. Caciagli  C. Wipf-Scheibel  P. Millot  L. Ruiz  D. Marian  G. Dafalla  H. Lecoq 《Plant pathology》2019,68(7):1268-1275

Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV) is emerging throughout the Mediterranean Basin, where it causes significant damage to cucumber and melon crops. It has been suggested that CVYV originated from the Middle East and has spread only recently to other areas. In this work, an isolate from Sudan was characterized, and surveys performed in that country between 1992 and 2012 revealed a long-term presence of CVYV with a high molecular variability, showing that the virus has long been endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Comparison of the full-length sequences of 11 CVYV isolates from different geographic origins revealed recombination events in CVYV populations from the Mediterranean Basin and the Middle East, and evidence for different selection pressures along the genome. These results shed a new light on the evolution of CVYV.  相似文献