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V. E. Prikhod’ko I. V. Ivanov D. V. Manakhov T. A. Sokolova S. S. Chernyanskii 《Moscow University Soil Science Bulletin》2013,68(1):10-19
Investigation of paleosols with different ages of burial mounds and the unique fortified city of Arkhaim in the steppe zone of the Southern Trans-Urals (Chelyabinsk region) is carried out. They are located on the remnants of the Big Karaganka River valley. The time of construction of archaeological monuments dates back to the Early Iron Age (Sarmatian Culture, 2300–2200 years ago) and Middle Bronze Age (Sintashta culture, 3800–4100 years ago). The soils are of medium and light loamy granulometric composition. Morphological, chemical, and mineralogical investigations of paleosols and background soils indicate that, in the Sarmatian time, the climatic conditions in the region were drier than currently, while during the Sintashta cultural development, the climate of the region was similar to the present one. 相似文献
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D. N. Lipatov A. I. Shcheglov D. V. Manakhov M. M. Karpukhin Yu. A. Zavgorodnyaya O. B. Tsvetnova 《Eurasian Soil Science》2018,51(5):518-527
The contents and profile distributions of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb, and benzo[a]pyrene in oligotrophic peat soils, oligotrophic peat gley soils (Dystric Fibric Histosols), humus-impregnated peat gleyzems (Dystric Histic Gleysols), and mucky gleyzems (Dystric Gleysols) have been analyzed with consideration for their degree of oligotrophicity and anthropogenic loads. Horizons with the accumulation (O, Tpyr, TT) and removal (Ghi,e) of heavy metals have been revealed. The increase in the content of heavy metals and benzo[a]pyrene in the upper layer of oligotrophic peat soils under technogenic fallouts in the impact zone of flare and motor transport has been considered. Statistical parameters of the spatial variation of parameters in organic and gley horizons have been calculated. The variation coefficients of pollutant elements (Pb and Zn) in the surface horizons of soils increase to 100–125%. Positive correlations revealed between the content of some heavy metals in litter indicate their bioaccumulation and possible joint input with aerotechnogenic fallouts. No correlations are found between the contents of benzo[a]pyrene and heavy metals, but a reliable negative correlation with the ash content is noted in the peat horizon. 相似文献
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Lipatov D. N. Varachenkov V. A. Manakhov D. V. Karpukhin M. M. Mamikhin S. V. 《Eurasian Soil Science》2022,55(6):840-848
Eurasian Soil Science - The levels of specific activity of 137Cs and the contents of mobile forms (1 M ammonium acetate extraction) of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, Pb) and petroleum products... 相似文献
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V. E. Prikhod’ko I. V. Ivanov D. V. Manakhov N. P. Gerasimenko K. Inubushi M. Kawahigashi Kh. Nagano S. Sugihara 《Eurasian Soil Science》2013,46(9):925-934
Paleosols of the unique fortress of Arkaim located in the steppe zone of the southern Transural region (Chelyabinsk oblast) were investigated. The dating of the buried soils was performed using the radiocarbon method. The time of building this archeological monument is the Middle Bronze Age (the Sintashta culture; the calibrated dating with 1σ confidence is 3700–4000 years ago). Seven pits of paleosols and ten pits of background ordinary chernozems were studied. The soils are loamy and sandy-loamy. The morphological and chemical properties of the buried and background ordinary chernozems are similar; they differ by the lower content of readily soluble salts in the paleosols as compared to the background ones. The sporepollen spectrum of the Arkaim paleosol is transitional from the steppe to the forest-steppe type. During the existence of this settlement, pine forests with fern ground cover grew, and hygrophytic species (alder and spruce) that nowadays are not recorded in the plant cover occurred. The main feature of the paleosols is the presence of pollen of xerophytic and halophytic herbaceous plants there. The few pollen grains of broad-leaved species testify to a higher heat supply as compared to the current one. Judging by the results of the spore-pollen and microbiomorphic analyses, the climate during the time of building the walls of the settlement was somewhat moister and warmer (or less continental) than the present-day climate. The duration of this period appeared to be short; therefore, soil properties corresponding to the changed environment could not be formed. They reflect the situation of the preceding period with the climatic characteristics close to the present-day ones. 相似文献
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Comprehensive studies of the properties and processes of nonirrigated soils at different hierarchical levels of their organization
are carried out and regularities of their changes under the effect of irrigation are revealed. It is shown that irrigated
soils of weakly drained landscapes compared with drained change more rapidly as a result of humidization, leading to acceleration
and intensification of the mutual influence of processes at all levels of their organization. Positive and negative phenomena
are noted under irrigation, the rate and extent of which depend on soil type, degree of drainage of the landscape, changes
in the water regime and moisture content of the soils, quality of the irrigation water, and level of agrotechnologies. 相似文献
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D. N. Lipatov A. I. Shcheglov D. V. Manakhov P. T. Brekhov 《Eurasian Soil Science》2016,49(2):238-250
The structure and properties of oligotrophic peat, oligotrophic peat gley, and pyrogenic oligotrophic peat soils identified on a plot 0.5 km2 in area in the northeast of Sakhalin Island have been studied. The vertical distributions of physicochemical, chemical, and ecotoxicological parameters in the profiles of some bog soil groups have been considered. An increase in ash content, a less acid reaction, and a deficit of available nitrogen and potassium have been revealed in the upper horizons of pyrogenic soils. No accumulation of mobile heavy metals is manifested in the pyrogenic horizons of peat soils. Statistical parameters of the spatial variation in pHKCl and total acidity, as well as the contents of ash, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, ammonium and nitrate nitrogen, mobile heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb), and benzo[a]pyrene, have been calculated for the moss and sublitter horizons. The variation coefficients are 30–100% for most of the studied parameters and reach 100–200% for available phosphorus; ammonium nitrogen; and mobile Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd. An increase in the content of benzo[a]pyrene, although without MPC exceedance, is noted in the moss of pyrogenic soils and the peat horizons untouched by fires. 相似文献
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D. N. Lipatov A. I. Shcheglov D. V. Manakhov Yu. A. Zavgorodnyaya M. S. Rozanova P. T. Brekhov 《Eurasian Soil Science》2017,50(7):850-860
Morphology and properties of medium-deep oligotrophic peat, oligotrophic peat gley, pyrogenic oligotrophic peat gley, and peat gley soils on subshrub-cotton grass-sphagnum bogs and in swampy larch forests of northeastern Sakhalin have been studied. Variation in the thickness and reserves of litters in the studied bog and forest biogeocenoses has been analyzed. The profile distribution and spatial variability of moisture, density, ash, and pHKCl in separate groups of peat soils have been described. The content and spatial variability of petroleum hydrocarbons have been considered in relation to the accumulation of natural bitumoids by peat soils and the technogenic pressing in the oil-producing region. Variation of each parameter at different distances (10, 50, and 1000 m) has been estimated using a hierarchical sampling scheme. The spatial conjugation of soil parameters has been studied by factor analysis using the principal components method and Spearman correlation coefficients. Regression equations have been proposed to describe relationships of ash content with soil density and content of petroleum hydrocarbons in peat horizons. 相似文献
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S. V. Mamikhin D. N. Lipatov D. V. Manakhov T. A. Paramonova V. V. Stolbova A. I. Shcheglov 《Moscow University Soil Science Bulletin》2018,73(1):11-17
The possibility of using the VERT_MIG algorithm in simulation models of the vertical migration of radionuclides in soil is discussed. The algorithm was successfully used to develop models of 137Cs and 90Sr migration for radioactive contamination of different soils as a result of the accidents at the Chernobyl and Fukushima-1 nuclear power plants. The modeling results are given. Prospects for further use of this algorithm and some aspects of using imitation modeling in this area are discussed. 相似文献