Haptoglobin and pig-major acute protein are increased in pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)     

Segalés J  Piñeiro C  Lampreave F  Nofrarías M  Mateu E  Calsamiglia M  Andrés M  Morales J  Piñeiro M  Domingo M 《Veterinary research》2004,35(3):275-282

The objective of this study was to determine the serum concentration levels of selected acute phase proteins (APP), haptoglobin (HPT) and pig-major acute phase protein (pig-MAP), in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) affected pigs and PCV2-subclinically infected pigs. In a first study, a group of 15 eight-week-old conventional pigs from a PMWS affected farm were bled and a complete necropsy, histopathology and in situ hybridisation to detect PCV2 were performed. Based on the results, pigs were classified as suffering from PMWS (n = 10) or healthy animals (n = 5). In a second study, a group of 45 pigs from another PMWS affected farm were selected and bled at 3, 7, 12 and 28 weeks of age. The assessment of PCV2 infection status in these pigs was retrospectively done by PCV2 PCR in serum samples. Selected APP were measured in the serum of all studied pigs by means of radial immunodiffusion. Mean HPT and pig-MAP levels were significantly increased (p = 0.004 and p = 0.0006 respectively) in PMWS-affected pigs when compared to levels found in healthy pigs (2.52 +/- 0.88 mg/mL vs. 1.06 +/- 0.73 mg/mL for HPT and 3.81 +/- 1.53 mg/mL vs. 0.76 +/- 0.34 mg/mL for pig-MAP). In the second study, no significant difference in mean HPT and pig-MAP values were observed between PCV2 PCR positive and negative pigs of any age. However, both APP increased significantly with age in PCV2 PCR negative pigs. Altogether, the present results suggest that APP levels are significantly increased in pigs that develop PMWS, but not in animals with a PCV2 subclinical infection.  相似文献   

Primary gastric histiocytic sarcoma in a dog--a case report     

Fant P  Caldin M  Furlanello T  De Lorenzi D  Bertolini G  Bettini G  Morini M  Masserdotti C 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2004,51(7-8):358-362

A 12-year-old intact female mixed breed dog was presented for chronic, intermittent vomiting and diarrhoea. On endoscopic examination a protruding mass arising from the mucosal surface of the pyloric region was detected. Cytological and histological examination revealed an accumulation of pleomorphic round/oval phagocytic cells suggesting histiocytic origin. This was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. No extra-gastric involvement was detected on clinical examination or at necropsy. This is the first report of primary gastric histiocytic sarcoma in a dog.  相似文献   

Influence of cultivation site on sesquiterpene lactone composition of forage chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)     

Foster JG  Clapham WM  Belesky DP  Labreveux M  Hall MH  Sanderson MA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(5):1772-1778

The forage potential of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) has not been realized in southern West Virginia (WV) because ruminants are reluctant to consume the herbage. Chicory contains bitter sesquiterpene lactones that can adversely impact palatability. This study was undertaken to determine whether sesquiterpene lactone concentrations in chicory grown in southern WV differ from those in chicory grown in central Pennsylvania (PA) where chicory is grazed readily. Herbage was collected in 1997 and 1998 from cultivars Grasslands Puna (Puna), INIA le Lacerta (Lacerta), and Forage Feast established at research sites near State College, PA, and Beckley, WV. The total concentration of sesquiterpene lactones in WV-grown cultivars was 0.58% (dry matter basis) in Puna, 0.59% in Lacerta, and 0.79% in Forage Feast in 1997 and ranged from 1.03 (Lacerta) to 1.52% (Forage Feast) in 1998. In PA-grown cultivars, sesquiterpene lactones represented 0.16 (Puna), 0.18 (Lacerta), and 0.27% (Forage Feast) of the forage dry matter in 1997 and ranged from 0.32 (Lacerta) to 0.55% (Forage Feast) in 1998. Concentrations of lactucin, lactucopicrin, and total sesquiterpene lactones in Forage Feast exceeded those in the other cultivars grown at the same site. The lowest concentrations of lactucopicrin and total sesquiterpene lactones observed among WV-grown cultivars were higher (2-fold or more) than the highest concentrations present in cultivars grown the same year in PA. Mineral analyses of soils from the two cultivation sites indicate that P availability may influence sesquiterpene lactone composition of chicory herbage. Results provide a foundation for future studies of environmental effects on sesquiterpene lactone composition and palatability of chicory herbage.  相似文献   

Toll-like receptor triggering of a vitamin D-mediated human antimicrobial response     

Liu PT  Stenger S  Li H  Wenzel L  Tan BH  Krutzik SR  Ochoa MT  Schauber J  Wu K  Meinken C  Kamen DL  Wagner M  Bals R  Steinmeyer A  Zügel U  Gallo RL  Eisenberg D  Hewison M  Hollis BW  Adams JS  Bloom BR  Modlin RL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,311(5768):1770-1773

In innate immune responses, activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) triggers direct antimicrobial activity against intracellular bacteria, which in murine, but not human, monocytes and macrophages is mediated principally by nitric oxide. We report here that TLR activation of human macrophages up-regulated expression of the vitamin D receptor and the vitamin D-1-hydroxylase genes, leading to induction of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin and killing of intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We also observed that sera from African-American individuals, known to have increased susceptibility to tuberculosis, had low 25-hydroxyvitamin D and were inefficient in supporting cathelicidin messenger RNA induction. These data support a link between TLRs and vitamin D-mediated innate immunity and suggest that differences in ability of human populations to produce vitamin D may contribute to susceptibility to microbial infection.  相似文献   

The global impact of scaling up HIV/AIDS prevention programs in low- and middle-income countries     

Stover J  Bertozzi S  Gutierrez JP  Walker N  Stanecki KA  Greener R  Gouws E  Hankins C  Garnett GP  Salomon JA  Boerma JT  De Lay P  Ghys PD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,311(5766):1474-1476

A strong, global commitment to expanded prevention programs targeted at sexual transmission and transmission among injecting drug users, started now, could avert 28 million new HIV infections between 2005 and 2015. This figure is more than half of the new infections that might otherwise occur during that period in 125 low- and middle-income countries. Although preventing these new infections would require investing about U.S.$122 billion over this period, it would reduce future needs for treatment and care. Our analysis suggests that it will cost about U.S.$3900 to prevent each new infection, but that this will produce a savings of U.S.$4700 in forgone treatment and care costs. Thus, greater spending on prevention now would not only prevent more than half the new infections that would occur from 2005 to 2015 but would actually produce a net financial saving as future costs for treatment and care are averted.  相似文献   

A comparison survey of organic and conventional broiler chickens for infectious agents affecting health and food safety     

Van Overbeke I  Duchateau L  De Zutter L  Albers G  Ducatelle R 《Avian diseases》2006,50(2):196-200

The purpose of the present cross-sectional study was to evaluate the health status of organic broiler chickens and the contamination rate with Salmonella and Campylobacter in organic broiler production in Belgium. The broilers were screened for antibodies against routinely monitored poultry diseases at 1 day old and at slaughter. Fecal examination for the presence of worm eggs was done at slaughter. Bacteriological examination for the detection of Salmonella and Campylobacter was performed at day 1, week 2, week 4, week 7, week 10, and slaughter. Conventional broilers of the same poultry integration and reared in the same geographic area were also screened and served as reference. Serologic data indicated lower antibody titers against infectious bronchitis and Newcastle disease in organic flocks. No significant differences could be found in prevalence of Salmonella between organic and conventional broilers at slaughter. In contrast, Campylobacter infections at slaughter were significantly higher in organic flocks. Organic flocks most probably become infected with Campylobacter between week 7 and week 10. Worm eggs were found in neither the organic flocks nor the conventional flocks. In conclusion, there are indications that the respiratory health status is better in organic broilers but that organic flocks are more often infected with Campylobacter than are conventional flocks.  相似文献   

Acquired antimicrobial resistance in the intestinal microbiota of diverse cat populations     

Moyaert H  De Graef EM  Haesebrouck F  Decostere A 《Research in veterinary science》2006,81(1):1-7

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of acquired antimicrobial resistance in the resident intestinal microbiota of cats and to identify significant differences between various cat populations. Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium and Streptococcus canis were isolated as faecal indicator bacteria from rectal swabs of 47 individually owned cats, 47 cattery cats and 18 hospitalised cats, and submitted through antimicrobial sensitivity tests. The results revealed that bacteria isolated from hospitalised and/or cattery cats were more frequently resistant than those from individually owned cats. E. coli isolates from hospitalised cats were particularly resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline and sulfonamide. Both enterococci and streptococci showed high resistance to tetracycline and in somewhat lesser extent to erythromycin and tylosin. Most E. faecium isolates were resistant to lincomycin and penicillin. One E. faecalis as well as one E. faecium isolate from hospitalised cats showed 'high-level resistance' (MIC > 500 microg/ml) against gentamicin, a commonly used antimicrobial agent in case of human enterococcal infections. The results of this research demonstrate that the extent of acquired antimicrobial resistance in the intestinal microbiota of cats depends on the social environment of the investigated population. It is obvious that the flora of healthy cats may act as a reservoir of resistance genes.  相似文献   

Computed tomographic anatomy of the head of the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta)     

Arencibia A  Rivero MA  De Miguel I  Contreras S  Cabrero A  Orós J 《Research in veterinary science》2006,81(2):165-169

The heads of three loggerhead sea turtles were disarticulated and imaged immediately to minimize postmortem changes and then frozen and sectioned. For computed tomography (CT) imaging, the heads were positioned in ventral recumbency. Transverse CT images with soft-tissue window were obtained from the olfactory sac region to the temporomandibular joint region. After CT imaging, the heads were sectioned and the gross sections were compared to CT images, to assist in the accurate identification of the anatomic structures. Different clinically relevant anatomic structures were identified and labelled in two series of photographs (CT images and anatomic cross-sections). CT images provided good differentiation between the bones and the soft tissues of the head. The information presented in this paper should serve as an initial reference to evaluate CT images of the head of the loggerhead sea turtle and to assist in the interpretation of lesions of this region.  相似文献   

Impact of pH on the kinetics of acrylamide formation/elimination reactions in model systems     

De Vleeschouwer K  Van der Plancken I  Van Loey A  Hendrickx ME 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(20):7847-7855

The effect of pH on acrylamide formation and elimination kinetics was studied in an equimolar (0.1 M) asparagine-glucose model system in phosphate or citrate buffer, heated at temperatures between 120 and 200 degrees C. To describe the experimental data, a simplified kinetic model was proposed and kinetic parameters were estimated by combined nonlinear regression and numerical integration on the data obtained under nonisothermal conditions. The model was subsequently validated in a more realistic potato-based matrix with varying pH. By increasing acidity, the reaction rate constants at T(ref) (160 degrees C) for both acrylamide formation and elimination can significantly be reduced, whereas the temperature dependence of both reaction rate constants increases. The introduction of a lyophilized potato matrix (20%) did not affect the acrylamide formation reaction rate constant at reference temperature (160 degrees C) as compared to the asparagine-glucose model system; the elimination rate constant at T(ref), on the contrary, was almost doubled.  相似文献   

Influence of wine pectic polysaccharides on the interactions between condensed tannins and salivary proteins     

Carvalho E  Mateus N  Plet B  Pianet I  Dufourc E  De Freitas V 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(23):8936-8944

Alpha-amylase, a major human salivary protein, and IB8c, a representative of the proline-rich proteins, were obtained by isolation from saliva and by solid-phase synthesis, respectively. The interactions between these proteins and condensed tannins isolated from grape seeds were studied at different protein and tannin concentrations by measuring their aggregation. Pectic polysaccharides were isolated from wine, and their effect on protein tannin aggregation was assessed. The results presented in this study showed that the most acidic fractions of arabinogalactan proteins have the ability to inhibit the formation of aggregates between the grape seed tannins and the two different salivary proteins. Rhamnogalacturonan II has the same ability toward alpha-amylase but not IB8c under the conditions of the present study. Polysaccharides show effects at concentrations at which they are present in wine, which could mean an influence in wine astringency. The interaction between condensed tannins and alpha-amylase is differently affected by ionic strength when compared with IB8c.  相似文献