Prenatal development of retina in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)     

Mahendra Pratap Singh Tomar  Neelam Bansal 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2019,48(2):125-132

The development of retina in Indian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) has not been reported previously. The aim of the present study was therefore to report the major landmarks and the time course in the development of retina. Serial histological sections of Indian buffalo embryos and foetuses were used as group1 (<20.0 cm CVRL), group2 (>20.0 but <40.0 cm CVRL) and group3 (>40.0 cm CVRL). Age estimation was made on the basis of crown vertebral‐rump length (CVRL), which ranged between 36 and 286 days (1.6–94.0 cm). The retina in Indian buffalo was developed in a similar manner to that of the other mammals with the principal differences in the time of occurrence of various layers of this nervous tunic. In 36 days (1.6 cm stage), the foetal retina was composed of pigmented layer and the layer of neuroblasts. Differentiation of layers was first observed in 47 days (4.0 cm CVRL) which became prominent in 52 days (5.1 cm stage). At 120 days (20.5 cm stage), the differentiation of inner plexiform layer and inner nuclear layer was evident. At 143 days (31.0 cm) foetal age, the faint line in neuroblastic layer was the first evidence of the future outer plexiform layer. In foetuses of group III, the retina was comprised of all 10 layers (eight cell layers and two membranes) viz. pigmented epithelium, layer of rods and cones, outer limiting membrane, outer nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, inner plexiform layer, ganglion cell layer, layer of nerve fibres and the inner limiting membrane.  相似文献   

Assessment of hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater in shrimp farming areas in coastal Tamil Nadu, India     

P. Nila Rekha  P. Ravichandran  R. Gangadharan  J. H. Bhatt  A. Panigrahi  S. M. Pillai  M. Jayanthi 《Aquaculture International》2013,21(5):1137-1153

Brackishwater aquaculture is basically farming in coastal region, and it utilizes the saline water from either sea or estuary or creek. Assessment of hydrogeochemisty of groundwater resources in shrimp farming areas is very much required not only for monitoring the shrimp farming impacts, but also to suggest better management strategies for the long-term sustainability of shrimp farming and integrated water resources management in coastal regions. Watershed-based assessment is ideal as watershed is a geohydrological unit, and it will give the realistic and cumulative effects more precisely. With this background, the present investigation was carried out to evaluate the geochemical process regulating groundwater quality in shrimp farming areas of coastal miniwatersheds of Vellar and Coleroon river, Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu, along the east coast of India. Representative groundwater (29) samples from shallow aquifer (hand pump and open well) were collected periodically (June 2008, January 2009, April 2009 and July 2009) using the simple random sampling method and analyzed for various water quality parameters viz. pH, TDS, total hardness, alkalinity, cations (Ca⁺, Mg⁺, Na⁺) and anions (Cl^?, SO₄ ^?, NO₃ ^?, HCO₃ ^?). The groundwater data indicated that the HCO₃ was the dominant ion in the study area with sodium (Na > Ca > Mg) and bicarbonate (HCO₃ > Cl > SO₄) as the predominant cation and anion, respectively. The large variations in mean and standard deviation of ionic concentration suggest that the water chemistry in the study region was not homogenous and may be influenced by complex sources for the hydrogeochemical processes. The piper trilinear diagram depicts the status of the groundwater quality and also suggests that the cation exchange and mineral dissolution was responsible for this elevated ionic composition at some locations in the study area. The multivariate statistical analysis viz., principal component analysis and cluster analysis clearly elucidated that the groundwater quality in the area is mainly due to natural process and the shrimp farming is not an influencing factor.  相似文献   

Valuing diversity and spatial pattern of open space plots in urban neighborhoods     

Neelam C. Poudyal  Donald G. Hodges  Bruce Tonn  Seong-Hoon Cho 《Forest Policy and Economics》2009,11(3):194-201

This study evaluates how urban residents value variety, spatial configuration, and patterns of open space in their neighborhoods. Quantitative matrices that were borrowed from landscape ecology were first used to measure the variety and spatial arrangement of open space plots and landuses around houses. Amenity values of those measures were then evaluated in a hedonic regression that was corrected for identification problem caused by the endogeneity of landuse variables. Empirical estimates from this research reveal that urban residents positively valued the varieties of open space but negatively valued the diversity within developed land uses in their neighborhoods. Similarly, open space plots with square shape and smooth, straight edges were preferred to those with more complex shapes and irregular edges. Further, residents preferred open spaces in few larger plots to many smaller pieces that are scattered throughout the neighborhood. Findings from this study will be useful in enhancing the quality and amenity value of open spaces and conceivably increase local property tax base.  相似文献   

Evaluating natural resource amenities in a human life expectancy production function     

Neelam C. Poudyal  Donald G. Hodges  J.M. Bowker  H.K. Cordell   《Forest Policy and Economics》2009,11(4):253-259

This study examined the effect of natural resource amenities on human life expectancy. Extending the existing model of the life expectancy production function, and correcting for spatial dependence, we evaluated the determinants of life expectancy using county level data. Results indicate that after controlling for socio-demographic and economic factors, medical facilities and risk factors, counties with natural amenities such as high proportion of land in forests, farmland, rangeland and water bodies, as well as mild climate such as longer sunlight hours during winter and cooler year around temperature exhibited longer life expectancies at birth. In addition, counties containing state parks and outdoor recreation facilities, and those located near federal wilderness parks were associated with the longer expectancies at birth. Findings from this study have several implications for natural resource economics and management, public health, and human development. An important message of our findings is that the traditional approach of public health should be extended beyond just controlling diseases or treating patients to a more comprehensive approach that also acknowledges the preservation and utilization of natural resources, environmental amenities, and outdoor recreation opportunities in maintaining public health, quality of life, and overall human development.  相似文献   

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Diversity in Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce Under Arid Agroecosystems     

Neelam Verma  Jagadish Chandra Tarafdar  Krishna Kant Srivastava  Jitendra Panwar 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2008,7(6)

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi associated with Prosopis cineraria (Khejri) were assessed for their qualitative and quantitative distribution from eight districts of Rajasthan. A total of three species of Acaulospora, one species of Entrophospora, two species of Gigaspora, twenty-one species of Glomus, seven species of Sclerocystis and three species of Scutellospora were recorded. A high diversity of AM fungi was observed and it varied at different study sites. Among these six genera, Glomus occurred most frequently. Glomus fasciculatum, Glomus aggregatum, and Glomus mosseae were found to be the most predominant AM fungi in infecting Prosopis cineraria. Acaulospora, G. fasciculatum, Sclerocystis was found in all the fields studied, while Scutellospora species were found only in few sites. A maximum of thirty-six AM fungal species were isolated and identified from Jodhpur, whereas only thirteen species were found from Jaisalmer. Spores of Glomus fasciculatum were found to be most abundant under Prosopis cineraria.  相似文献   

Biochemical Responses Associated with Resistance to Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) in Wild Rice Accessions     

Kaur Sandhu Rajwinder  Singh Sarao Preetinder  Kumari Neelam 《水稻科学》2020,27(6):449-453

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Effect of conservation tillage and rice-based cropping systems on soil aggregation characteristics and carbon dynamics in Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain     

Mondal  Surajit  Naik  Sushanta Kumar  Haris  A. A.  Mishra  J. S.  Mukherjee  Joydeep  Rao  K. K.  Bhatt  B. P. 《Paddy and Water Environment》2020,18(3):573-586

Paddy and Water Environment - Traditional rice–wheat cropping system, which follows wet puddling in rice and conventional tillage in wheat, is deteriorating soil health resulting yield...  相似文献   

Genetic divergence for growth and wood parameters in different clones of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb     

Kumar A  Bhatt A  Ravichandran S  Pande PK  Dobhal S 《林业研究》2012,23(2):285-288

The wood analysis for different parameters was carried out in a clonal seed orchard of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. established during 1997 at Hoshiarpur, Punjab, India. Twelve clones with higher index value were subjected to Euclidean Cluster Analysis based on wood and growth parameters to group into seven clusters. Cluster I and II contained four and three clones, respectively, and remaining clusters had just one clone each. Clone originated from Barielly, Uttar Pradesh of cluster VII was found to be the most divergent clone. Cluster II with three clones maintained greater inter-cluster distance with other clusters. The divergence analysis has confirmed that the clones planted in the clonal seed orchard are sufficiently divergent and seed harvested from the orchard would maintain high diversity.  相似文献   

Effects of Salinity and Na+/K+ Ratio on Osmoregulation and Growth Performance of Black Tiger Prawn,Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798, Juveniles Reared in Inland Saline Water          下载免费PDF全文

Jose Antony  Harikrishna Vungurala  Neelam Saharan  Appidi K. Reddy  Narinder K. Chadha  Wazir S. Lakra  Luke A. Roy 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2015,46(2):171-182

A 60‐d growth trial was conducted with the black tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon (ca. 0.8 g juveniles) at CIFE Rohtak Centre to evaluate the effects of salinity and Na⁺/K⁺ ratio of inland saline water on shrimp growth, survival, and osmoregulation. Three different salinities (5, 10, and 15 ppt) and five different Na⁺/K⁺ ratios (25:1, 45:1, 65:1, 85:1, and 27.9:1), for a total of 15 treatments were prepared by ionic manipulation. The medium with Na⁺/K⁺ ratio 27.9 was reconstituted seawater and was used as the reference treatment. At the end of the 60‐d trial both salinity and Na⁺/K⁺ ratio significantly influenced the survival and growth of shrimp in inland saline water (P < 0.05). Final mean individual weight, weight gain (%) (WG [%]) increased with decreasing Na⁺/K⁺ ratios. Survival rates were significantly higher (P < 0.05) for Na⁺/K⁺ ratio 45 and 27.9 at salinities 10 and 15 ppt, respectively. Minimum growth and survival (0–24%) were observed in mediums with Na⁺/K⁺ ratio 85 at all salinities. Serum osmolality and osmoregulatory capacity were similar across all treatments at identical salinities except for sodium to potassium ratio (Na⁺/K⁺) 85. The serum sodium and potassium levels did not show any significant difference (P > 0.05) for mediums with Na⁺/K⁺ ratio 25, 45, 65, and 27.9 at all salinities. Significantly different (P < 0.05) serum sodium levels were observed in mediums with Na⁺/K⁺ ratio 85 at all salinities at the end of the trial. The serum potassium levels were significantly low in treatments with Na⁺/K⁺ ratio 85. There was no significant difference in the serum magnesium levels between treatments and the serum calcium levels were significantly lower for shrimp reared in the reference mediums. Results of this study confirm that P. monodon can be successfully cultured in low salinity waters with Na⁺/K⁺ ratio ranging between 25 and 45:1.  相似文献   

Morphological variability in holy basil (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ocimum tenuiflorum</Emphasis> L.) from India     

Pavan Malav  Anjula Pandey  K. C. Bhatt  S. Gopala Krishnan  I. S. Bisht 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2015,62(8):1245-1256

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