Analysis of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) gene families in kiwifruit and apple     

Ross G. Atkinson  Sarah L. Johnston  Yar-Khing Yauk  Neelam N. Sharma  Roswitha Schröder 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2009,51(2):149-157

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Carbon sources affect water quality and haemato‐biochemical responses of Labeo rohita in zero‐water exchange biofloc system     

Irshad Ahmad  Tasok Leya  Neelam Saharan  Babitha Rani Asanaru Majeedkutty  Gaurav Rathore  Adnan Hussain Gora  Irfan Ahmad Bhat  Ajit Kumar Verma 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(10):2879-2887

Biofloc technology degrades waste into useful resources exploiting microbes and can be used in zero‐water exchange systems. To study the effect of different biofloc systems on haematological and metabolic response of Labeo rohita fingerlings, a 60‐days experiment was conducted using four long lasting carbon sources. Seven hundred and fifty fingerlings having mean weight of 4.80 ± 0.12 g were randomly distributed into 15 tanks (n = 50 per tank). Five experimental groups were set in triplicate; T1 (Tapioca), T2 (Wheat), T3 (Corn) T4 (Sugar bagasse) and control (clear water). In‐situ biofloc was developed in 300 L fibre‐reinforced plastic (FRP) tanks and a C/N ratio of 15 was maintained. Water quality variables indicated ammonia immobilization by heterotrophic bacteria, as the dominant mechanism for the removal of toxic‐nitrogenous compounds in the biofloc systems. Results exhibited significantly higher floc volume (53.33 ± 7.88 ml/L), haemoglobin content (6.61 ± 0.03 g/dl) and total leucocyte count (109.66 ± 0.06 thousand cells/mm³) in tapioca biofloc system. Furthermore, the digestive and anti‐oxidative enzymes activities were also significantly higher in tapioca biofloc system. The lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase enzyme assays showed a decreased level in tapioca biofloc system as compared with other biofloc systems and control group. Our observations indicate that tapioca biofloc system could improve the water quality, haematological and anti‐stress responses of L. rohita fingerlings in biofloc systems and thus can effectively replace other carbohydrate sources for the biofloc system.  相似文献   

Effect of subsurface drip irrigation on onion yield     

Neelam Patel  T. B. S. Rajput 《Irrigation Science》2009,27(2):97-108

Subsurface drip system is the latest method of irrigation. The design of subsurface drip system involves consideration of structure and texture of soil, and crop’s root development pattern. A 3-year experiment was conducted on onion (Allium Cepa L., cv. Creole Red) in a sandy loam soil from October to May in 2002–2003, 2003–2004 and 2004–2005 to study the effect of depth of placement of drip lateral and different levels of irrigation on yield. Tests for uniformity of water application through the system were carried out in December of each year. Three different irrigation levels of 60, 80 and 100% of the crop evapotranspiration and six placement depths of the drip laterals (surface (0), 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 cm) were maintained in the study. Onion yield was significantly affected by the placement depth of the drip lateral. Maximum yield (25.7 t ha⁻¹) was obtained by applying the 60.7 cm of irrigation water and by placing the drip lateral at 10 cm soil depth. Maximum irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) (0.55 t ha⁻¹ cm⁻¹) was obtained by placing the drip lateral at 10 cm depth. The greater vertical movement of water in the sandy-loam soil took place because of the predominant role of gravity rather than that of the capillary forces. Therefore, placement of drip lateral at shallow depths is recommended in onion crop to get higher yield.  相似文献   

Salt Tolerance Mechanisms and Approaches:Future Scope of Halotolerant Genes and Rice Landraces     

Bhatt Tarun  Sharma Aditi  Puri Sanjeev  Priya Minhas Anu 《水稻科学》2020,27(5):368-383

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Graft copolymerization of acrylamide onto rayon by chemical and radiation methods     

Inderjeet Kaur  Neelam Sharma  Vandna Kumari 《Fibers and Polymers》2013,14(4):507-517

The inherent properties of rayon fibre have been changed with additional properties through graft copolymerization of acrylamide, AAm, by chemical method using ceric ammonium nitrate/nitric acid, (CAN/HNO₃), as a redox initiator and γ-radiation induced mutual method. Reaction conditions such as monomer and initiator concentration, liquor ratio, temperature and time of reaction, amount of radiation dose have been optimized with respect to percentage of grafting. Maximum percentage of grafting (Pg), (40 %) using CAN/HNO₃ was obtained at [CAN]=31.92×10^?3 moles/l, [HNO₃]=79.36×10^?2 moles/l, [AAm]=14.07×10² moles/l in 20 ml of H₂O at 45 °C within 120 min while in case of radiation induced method, maximum Pg (30 %) was obtained at higher monomer concentration (28.14×10^?2 moles/l) and time (180 min) in 10 ml of H₂O at room temperature with total dose exposure of 11.178 kGy. The graft copolymers were characterized by FTIR, thermogravimetric and scanning electron micrographic analysis. Swelling behaviour in water, methanol, ethanol, acetone and DMF and dyeing and flame retarding properties of rayon fibre and grafted rayon fibre were investigated. Percent dye uptake (71.8 %) was found to be higher than that observed for the pristine fibre (57.4 %) and the grafted fibre after post phosphorylation reaction showed excellent flame retarding properties.  相似文献   

Change in body condition and carcass characteristics of cull ewes fed diets supplemented with rumen bypass fat     

R.S. Bhatt  A. SahooA.K. Shinde  S.A. Karim 《Livestock Science》2013,157(1):132-140

Thirty Malpura ewes (>6 years age) distributed into three groups of 10 each were maintained on concentrate supplemented with rumen protected fat at 0 (T₁), 20 (T₂) and 40 (T₃) g kg⁻¹ and chick pea straw for a period of three months. Towards the end of feeding experiment a metabolism trial was conducted on five representative ewes from each treatment. Blood and rumen liquor samples were analyzed at 0 and 90 days of feeding for blood biochemical and rumen metabolites. Five representative ewes were slaughtered at the initiation of the study and all the experimental ewes were slaughtered after termination of the experiment. The gain in weight (kg) and final body condition score was higher (P<0.05) in T₂ and T₃ as compared to T₁. The concentrate intake increased (P<0.05) with bypass fat (RBF) supplementation. The serum glucose and population of spirotrichs and total protozoa in rumen liquour sample increased (P<0.05) with concentrate as well as concentrate with RBF supplementation. Pre-slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, dressing percent, loin eye area, bone percent and carcass fat improved (P<0.05) with RBF supplementation. Composition of Longissimus dorsi muscle also revealed improvement when compared with 0 day composition. The feeding protocol also revealed higher returns by RBF supplementation. It is therefore concluded that RBF supplementation is advantageous in improving body conditions of cull ewes.  相似文献   

Nutritional applications and beneficial health applications of green tea and l-theanine in some animal species: A review     

Mahmoud Alagawany  Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack  Muhammad Saeed  Muhammad Naveed  Muhammad A. Arain  Muhammad Arif  Ruchi Tiwari  Rekha Khandia  Sandip K. Khurana  Kumaragurubaran Karthik  Mohd. I. Yatoo  Ashok Munjal  Prakash Bhatt  Khan Sharun  Hafiz M. N. Iqbal  Chao Sun  Kuldeep Dhama 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2020,104(1):245-256

Green tea (Camellia sinensis) is a popular herbal plant with abundant health benefits, and thus, it has been used as a potent antioxidant for a long time. Based on the available literature, the diversity and the availability of multifunctional compounds in green tea offer its noteworthy potential against many diseases such as liver and heart diseases, inflammatory conditions and different metabolic syndromes. Owing to its bioactive constituents including caffeine, amino acids, l -theanine, polyphenols/flavonoids and carbohydrates among other potent molecules, green tea has many pharmacological and physiological effects. The effects of green tea include anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, anti-stress, hypolipidaemic, hypocholesterolaemic, skin/collagen protective, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-infective, anti-parasitic, anti-cancerous, inhibition of tumorigenesis and angiogenesis, anti-mutagenic, and memory and bone health-improving activities. Apart from its utilization in humans, green tea has also played a significant role in livestock production such as in dairy, piggery, goatry and poultry industries. Supplementation of animal feeds with green tea and its products is in line with the modern concepts of organic livestock production. Hence, incorporating green tea or green tea by-products into the diet of poultry and other livestock can enhance the value of the products obtained from these animals. Herein, an effort is made to extend the knowledge on the importance and useful applications of green tea and its important constituents in animal production including poultry. This review will be a guideline for researchers and entrepreneurs who want to explore the utilization of feeds supplemented with green tea and green tea by-products for the enhancement of livestock production.  相似文献   

Characteristics of life-form and growth-form of plant species in an alpine ecosystem of North-West Himalaya     

R. K. Vashistha  Neelam Rawat  A. K. Chaturvedi  B. P. Nautiyal  P. Prasad  M. C. Nautiyal 《林业研究》2011,22(4):501-506

The present study was conducted in the alpine pastures of Tungnath (30° 14’ N and 79° 13’ E) to observe life-form and growth-form patterns of alpine plant species under grazed and ungrazed conditions and to work out the plant life form spectrum. Species were categorized as plant habit, height and length of growth-cycle and life-form classes according to Raunkiaer’s system. The results show that in total of 68 species at grazed site, hemicryptophytes (He) accounted for 50.00% species, followed by cryptophytes (26.47%), chamaephytes (16.18%), phanerophytes (4.41%) and therophytes (2.94%). At the ungrazed site in 65 plant species, hemicryptophytes (He) accounted for 49.23% species, cryptophytes (26.15%), chamaephytes (15.38%), phanerophytes (6.15%) and therophytes (3.08 % species). In general, hemicrptophyte are dominant in both sites i.e. graged and ungrazed. Growth form categories were classified as forbs, shrubs, grasses and sedges and undershrubs, according to plant habit and height. On the basis of length of the growth cycle, species were categorized as plant species of short growth cycle, intermediate growth cycle and long growth cycle. The short forbs of plant habit and height, had the highest emergence, and grasses and sedges had the lowest emergence in representative species. Percentage of species with long growth cycle was highest in both sites.  相似文献   

Bioavailability of iron from wheat aegilops derivatives selected for high grain iron and protein contents     

Salunke R  Neelam K  Rawat N  Tiwari VK  Randhawa GS  Dhaliwal HS  Roy P 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(13):7465-7473

A coupled in vitro digestion/Caco-2 model was employed to assess iron bioavailability from wheat Aegilops derivatives selected for high iron and protein contents. The iron content in wheat genotypes used in this study correlated to a great extent with both protein (r = 0.80) and phytate (r = 0.68) contents. The iron bioavailability was based on Caco-2 cell ferritin formation from cooked digests of these derivatives (relative to WL711 control) and correlated positively with dialyzable iron (r = 0.63) and total iron content (r = 0.38) but not with the phytate content. The apparently decreased phytate/iron molar ratios, however, correlated negatively (r = -0.42) with the iron bioavailability, justifying the utilization of these parameters in biofortification programs. Iron bioavailability in the derivatives increased up to 1.5-fold, corresponding to a 1.5-2.2-fold increase observed in iron content over control. These data suggest that biofortification for iron proportionately leading to higher iron bioavailability will be the most feasible and cost-effective approach to combat micronutrient deficiency.  相似文献   

Cyclic AMP-induced repair of zebrafish spinal circuits     

Bhatt DH  Otto SJ  Depoister B  Fetcho JR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,305(5681):254-258

Neurons in the human central nervous system (CNS) are unable to regenerate, as a result of both an inhibitory environment and their inherent inability to regrow. In contrast, the CNS environment in fish is permissive for growth, yet some neurons still cannot regenerate. Fish thus offer an opportunity to study molecules that might surmount the intrinsic limitations they share with mammals, without the complication of an inhibitory environment. We show by in vivo imaging in zebrafish that post-injury application of cyclic adenosine monophosphate can transform severed CNS neurons into ones that regenerate and restore function, thus overcoming intrinsic limitations to regeneration in a vertebrate.  相似文献