Mapping of male sterility gene ms10 in chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)          下载免费PDF全文

Parjeet Singh Aulakh  Major S. Dhaliwal  Salesh Kumar Jindal  Roland Schafleitner  Kuldeep Singh 《Plant Breeding》2016,135(4):531-535

Most of the hybrid seed in chilli are produced manually, but the use of male sterility (MS) can reduce the cost of hybrid seed production. MS‐12, a nuclear male‐sterile (NMS) line developed at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (India), has been utilized to develop commercial F₁ hybrids. A recessive gene, designated as ms10, governs MS in MS‐12. Due to recessive gene control, development of new NMS lines incorporating ms10 gene is tedious and time‐consuming. We identified SSR markers AVRDC‐PP12 and AVRDC_MD997* linked to the ms10 gene. A total of 558 primer pairs were screened following bulked segregant analysis (BSA). Linkage analysis in 210 F₂ plants indicated that the two SSR markers were linked to the ms10 gene and the marker AVRDC‐PP12 was closest to the gene at 7.2 cM distance. The marker was mapped to chromosome 1 at genome position 175 694 513 to 175 694 644. Until more closely linked markers are developed, the marker AVRDC‐PP12 would facilitate transfer of ms10 gene through marker‐assisted selection (MAS). Fine mapping would lead to cloning of the ms10 gene.  相似文献   

Sprouting Ability and Seasonal Changes of Sugar Concentrations in Rhizomes of Calystegia sepium and Roots of Convolvulus arvensis     

Willeke  Leonie  Krähmer  Hansjoerg  Claupein  Wilhelm  Gerhards  Roland 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2015,122(3):133-140

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Factors influencing the sprouting ability of rhizome pieces of Calystegia sepium and root pieces of Convolvulus arvensis were analyzed in four...  相似文献   

A presumably exotic Phytophthora species causing dieback of Buxus sempervirens in Germany and Romania     

Nechwatal  Jan  Schubert  Roland  Gerlach  Wolfgang WP 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2014,121(5):193-201

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Roots, collars and rhizosphere soils from diseased boxwood saplings (Buxus sempervirens) from German and Romanian nurseries were shown to be colonized by...  相似文献   

Characterization and mapping of a QTL derived from Solanum habrochaites associated with elevated rutin content (quercetin-3-rutinoside) in tomato     

Peter Hanson  Roland Schafleitner  Shu-Mei Huang  Chee-Wee Tan  Dolores Ledesma  Ray-Yu Yang 《Euphytica》2014,200(3):441-454

Consumption of flavonoids found in fruits and vegetables is linked to beneficial health outcomes. Tomato is among the most widely consumed and economically important vegetables worldwide and improvement of the nutrient content could lead to significant health benefits. Rutin, (quercetin-3-rutinoside), the main flavonol in tomato fruit, is confined to the peel. Rutin synthesis is limited by low expression of chalcone isomerase, the enzyme catalyzing the conversion of naringenin chalcone to naringenin quercetin. The wild tomato species Solanum habrochaites is a major source of new alleles to improve cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). AVRDC—The World Vegetable Center identified introgression line (IL) LA3984 containing a segment of S. habrochaites on chromosome 5 expressing high levels of rutin in full red ripe fruit. An AVRDC high rutin tomato line evaluated for 2 years and two seasons in Taiwan produced mean rutin content about four- to five-fold greater than the mean of all entries and about 11–12 times higher than the commercial fresh market and processing tomato cultivars. The quantitative trait locus (QTL) conditioning high rutin content was mapped to a 0.42 Mb segment on chromosome 5 flanked by markers c2_At3g55120/TaqI and ch05-4.883/ApaLI. Marker c2_Atg55120 overlaps with the chalcone-flavonone isomerase gene Solyc05g10320, and a second chalcone-flavonone isomerase gene is located 3,000 bp upstream from c2_At3g551220. Results of this project will facilitate breeding of high flavonoid tomato lines.  相似文献   

Vertical distribution of soil properties under short‐rotation forestry in Northern Germany     

Petra Kahle  Christel Baum  Barbara Boelcke  Josefine Kohl  Roland Ulrich 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2010,173(5):737-746

Short‐rotation forestry (SRF) on arable soils has high potentials for biomass production and leads to long‐term no‐tillage management. In the present study, the vertical distributions of soil chemical and microbial properties after 15 y of SRF with willows and poplar (Salix and Populus spp.) in 3‐ and 6‐year rotations on an arable soil were measured and compared to a pertinent tilled arable site. Two transects at different positions in the relief (upper and lower slope; transect 1 and 2) were investigated. Short‐rotation forestry caused significant changes in the vertical distribution of all investigated soil properties (organic and microbial C, total and microbial N, soil enzyme activities), however, the dimension and location (horizons) of significant effects varied. The rotation periods affected the vertical distribution of the soil properties within the SRF significantly. In transect 1, SRF had higher organic‐C concentrations in the subsoil (Bv horizon), whereas in transect 2, the organic‐C concentrations were increased predominantly in the topsoil (Ah horizon). Sufficient plant supply of P and K in combination with decreased concentrations of these elements in the subsoil under SRF pointed to an effective nutrient mobilization and transfer from the deeper soil horizons even in the long term. In transect 1, the microbial‐C concentrations were higher in the B and C horizons and in transect 2 in the A horizons under SRF than under arable use. The activities of β‐glucosidases and acid phosphatases in the soil were predominantly lower under SRF than under arable use in the topsoil and subsoil. We conclude, that long‐term SRF on arable sites can contribute to increased C sequestration and changes in the vertical distribution of soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities in the topsoil and also in the subsoil.  相似文献   

Influence of fertilization on acrylamide formation during frying of potatoes harvested in 2003   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

De Wilde T  De Meulenaer B  Mestdagh F  Govaert Y  Vandeburie S  Ooghe W  Fraselle S  Demeulemeester K  Van Peteghem C  Calus A  Degroodt JM  Verhé R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(2):404-408

The quality of the potato has been found to vary, when grown under different agricultural and environmental conditions, such as the level of fertilization. Consequently these factors may influence the acrylamide formation during the preparation of French fries. These assumptions were studied on three varieties: Bintje, Ramos, and Saturna from the harvest of 2003. Decreasing N fertilization caused increases in the reducing sugar concentration from 60% up to 100% on DM for all varieties studied. Due to a high correlation between the reducing sugar content and the generation of acrylamide during frying, this resulted in a parallel increase in the acrylamide concentration of the French fries. Thus by lowering the amount of N fertilizer, an increase of 30-65% of the acrylamide generation during frying could be observed. It seems of extreme importance to find an appropriate balance between the level of N fertilizer in order to diminish acrylamide formation but on the other hand to obtain an acceptable tuber and to consider the environmental impact. All results reported should be seen in the perspective of the warm growing season of 2003.  相似文献   

Trawl fishing impacts on the status of seabed fauna in diverse regions of the globe     

Tessa Mazor  C. Roland Pitcher  Wayne Rochester  Michel J. Kaiser  Jan G. Hiddink  Simon Jennings  Ricardo Amoroso  Robert A. McConnaughey  Adriaan D. Rijnsdorp  Ana M. Parma  Petri Suuronen  Jeremy Collie  Marija Sciberras  Lara Atkinson  Deon Durholtz  Jim R Ellis  Stefan G. Bolam  Michaela Schratzberger  Elena Couce  Jacqueline Eggleton  Clement Garcia  Paulus Kainge  Sarah Paulus  Johannes N. Kathena  Mayya Gogina  P. Daniël van Denderen  Aimee A. Keller  Beth H. Horness  Ray Hilborn 《Fish and Fisheries》2021,22(1):72-86

Bottom trawl fishing is a controversial activity. It yields about a quarter of the world's wild seafood, but also has impacts on the marine environment. Recent advances have quantified and improved understanding of large‐scale impacts of trawling on the seabed. However, such information needs to be coupled with distributions of benthic invertebrates (benthos) to assess whether these populations are being sustained under current trawling regimes. This study collated data from 13 diverse regions of the globe spanning four continents. Within each region, we combined trawl intensity distributions and predicted abundance distributions of benthos groups with impact and recovery parameters for taxonomic classes in a risk assessment model to estimate benthos status. The exposure of 220 predicted benthos‐group distributions to trawling intensity (as swept area ratio) ranged between 0% and 210% (mean = 37%) of abundance. However, benthos status, an indicator of the depleted abundance under chronic trawling pressure as a proportion of untrawled state, ranged between 0.86 and 1 (mean = 0.99), with 78% of benthos groups > 0.95. Mean benthos status was lowest in regions of Europe and Africa, and for taxonomic classes Bivalvia and Gastropoda. Our results demonstrate that while spatial overlap studies can help infer general patterns of potential risk, actual risks cannot be evaluated without using an assessment model that incorporates trawl impact and recovery metrics. These quantitative outputs are essential for sustainability assessments, and together with reference points and thresholds, can help managers ensure use of the marine environment is sustainable under the ecosystem approach to management.  相似文献   

Effects of atmospheric and climate change at the timberline of the Central European Alps   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gerhard Wieser  Rainer Matyssek  Roland Luzian  Peter Zwerger  Peter Pindur  Walter Oberhuber  Andreas Gruber 《Annals of Forest Science》2009,66(4):402-402

? This review considers potential effects of atmospheric change and climate warming within the timberline ecotone of the Central European Alps. After focusing on the impacts of ozone (O₃) and rising atmospheric CO₂ concentration, effects of climate warming on the carbon and water balance of timberline trees and forests will be outlined towards conclusions about changes in tree growth and treeline dynamics.

? Presently, ambient ground-level O₃ concentrations do not exert crucial stress on adult conifers at the timberline of the Central European Alps. In response to elevated atmospheric CO₂ Larix decidua showed growth increase, whereas no such response was found in Pinus uncinata. Overall climate warming appears as the factor responsible for the observed growth stimulation of timberline trees.

? Increased seedling re-establishment in the Central European Alps however, resulted from invasion into potential habitats rather than upward migration due to climate change, although seedlings will only reach tree size upon successful coupling with the atmosphere and thus loosing the beneficial microclimate of low stature vegetation.

? In conclusion, future climate extremes are more likely than the gradual temperature increase to control treeline dynamics in the Central European Alps.

  相似文献   

竹叶叶绿素荧光季节变化的模型设计     

Davina Van Goethem  Sebastiaan De Smedt  Roland Valcke  Denis O'Connor  Pat O'Connell  Sonja Denollin  Roeland Samson  Geert Potters 《世界竹藤通讯》2012,10(5):46

在寻找可再生能源和生物基材料方面,竹子已经被作为一种高产的生物质产品,可以用来作为土壤污染的修复性植物。由于这个原因,一个产量指示的增长模型需要一个健康的指标参数来检测植物的性能。因此,本研究对位于爱尔兰都伯林的Ballyboughalo公司的毛竹蒿草(Phyllostachys humilis)叶子的叶绿素荧光进行了测量。本研究测量结果涵盖了这种竹类每个节点的叶子,并且建立在了随季节性变化的基础上。最常使用的叶绿素荧光参数是Fv/Fm值,又称TRO/ABS (即被困的光子与吸收的光子数之比)。随季节的推移以及这个参数较大的变化,本研究将春天与一年中其它的季节进行对比观察测量。在过去的一年,这种植物的上部叶片比下部叶片表现更好。本研究的发现被整合在一个数学模型中,其目的是为预测和解释在其它立地条件下的植物的性能。  相似文献   

Larval rearing environment influences the physiological adaptation in juvenile Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua     

Roland Koedijk  Albert Kjartansson Imsland  Arild Folkvord  Sigurd Olav Stefansson  Thor Magne Jonassen  Atle Foss 《Aquaculture International》2012,20(3):467-479

Juvenile Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, that had been fed rotifers as larvae (R group) had significantly lower growth rates (SGR) at high-ambient ammonia (UIA?=?115?C120???g?l^?1) than did juveniles that had been first fed with natural zooplankton (Z group). Overall specific growth rates (SGRs) were 5?C11% higher in the Z group at the control ammonia (UIA?=?1?C2???g?l^?1) treatments. An interaction between larval rearing history, oxygen and ammonia levels was found, as SGR decreased with decreasing oxygen levels at high ammonia in the R group, while the SGR in the Z group were less affected by hypoxia. At high-ambient ammonia, the SGRs were 5% (mild hyperoxia, 101?C104% O₂ in effluent water), 28% (normoxia, 83?C88% O₂ in effluent water) and 86% (hypoxia, 57?C69% O₂ in effluent water) higher in the Z group, compared to the R group. The present findings indicate that larval rearing environment could influence the adaptability to environmental changes and growth performance during later juvenile stage in cod. These findings have implications for the optimization of Atlantic cod culture.  相似文献