Farmers’ perceptions,knowledge and management of aflatoxins in groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) in India     

G.D.S. Kumar  M.N. Popat 《Crop Protection》2010

Aflatoxins, produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus Link ex Fries and Aspergillus parasiticus Speare, are the major toxins affecting the quality of groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) meant for human consumption. Groundnuts can be infected with aflatoxin-producing fungi pre-harvest, at harvest and post-harvest. This survey was conducted in Gujarat province in India in order to assess farmers’ and other stakeholders’ (extension staff and traders) perceptions and knowledge of aflatoxin contamination of groundnuts and to evaluate the agronomic and market practices used to manage it. The survey investigated the effects of the socioeconomic background of the farmers. The results showed that the socioeconomic and psychological characteristics, viz. education, caste, farm size, social participation, extension participation, market orientation, economic motivation, innovativeness and perception had positive and significant associations with farmers’ knowledge. The extension staff and traders had a good understanding of the problem and of the importance of managing aflatoxin contamination but farmers did not. Farmers’ who practised effective crop husbandry in order to increase production were unwittingly managing aflatoxin contamination to some extent. Their marketing practises showed that the problem of aflatoxin contamination was neglected at both the production and marketing stages. We suggest that extension agencies need to train farmers in the use of biological control agents, post-harvest management and identification of aflatoxin contamination. Partnerships need to be forged between research institutions, the departments of agriculture of various states, marketing agencies, NGOs, farmers’ groups, consumer groups, agrochemical manufacturers and other stakeholders in order to develop strategies for addressing the problem of aflatoxin contamination.  相似文献   

Effect of pruning intensity on peach yield and fruit quality   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Manoj Kumar  Vidyawati RawatJ.M.S. Rawat  Y.K. Tomar 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010

Light, medium and heavy pruning treatments were used with one unpruned as check (control) in Flordasun, Flordaking and Saharanpur Prabhat peaches. Fruit yield decreased with the increase in severity of pruning in Flordaking and Saharanpur Prabhat peaches, whereas, medium pruning treatment gave highest yield in Flordasun peach. Pulp weight, stone weight, pulp-stone ratio, ascorbic acid, sugar acid ratio and moisture content were not affected by pruning levels. However, fruit weight, size, TSS, sugar and acid content were significantly increased by pruning in Flordasun peach. Almost all the physico-chemical characters were significantly affected by pruning in Flordaking and Saharanpur Prabhat peaches, in which medium and heavy pruning treatments performed better, respectively.  相似文献   

Sequential foliar application of vermicompost leachates improves marketable fruit yield and quality of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.)     

Rajbir Singh  R.K. Gupta  R.T. Patil  R.R. Sharma  R. Asrey  A. Kumar  K.K. Jangra 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of foliar application of vermicompost leachates on growth, yield and quality of strawberry (Cv. Chandler). For this, three leachates collected from vermicomposting of cow dung (FCD), vegetable waste (FVW) and mixture of cow dung and vegetable waste in 1:2 ratio (FCVW) were used at 2 ml l⁻¹ at monthly interval (total five sprays) in strawberry. The results indicated that foliar application of vermicompost leachates improved leaf area (10.1–18.9%), dry matter of plant (13.9–27.2%) and fruit yield (9.8–13.9%) significantly over control (water spray only). Foliar application of FCVW reduced albinism (from 12.1 to 5.7%), fruit malformation (11.2–8.5%) and grey mould (5.1–2.6%) thus improving marketable fruit yield (26.5% higher) with firmer fruits of better quality. The foliar application of FCD and FVW also improved these parameters and resulted in to higher marketable fruit yield (12.6 and 17.8% higher, respectively) compared to control. The study confirmed that leachates derived from composting processes have potential use as foliar fertilization for strawberry.  相似文献   

Evaluating novel microbe amended composts as biocontrol agents in tomato   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ajinath Shridhar DukareRadha Prasanna  Sunil Chandra DubeyLata Nain  Vidhi ChaudharyRajendra Singh  Anil Kumar Saxena 《Crop Protection》2011,30(4):436-442

An investigation was conducted to evaluate the potential of antagonistic cyanobacteria/bacterial cultures amended compost and compost tea preparations for suppressing diseases caused by plant pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum, Pythium debaryanum, Pythium aphanidermatum and Rhizoctonia solani in tomato. Two types of microbe-fortified composts and the compost tea preparations, along with the recommended biological control (Trichoderma formulation) and chemical control (Thiram-Carbendazim), were used for inoculating the potting mixture. Comparative performance of the treatments revealed the superiority of both the composts/compost tea preparations in enhancing seed germination, seedling length and biomass in the fungi challenged treatments. The most effective control of the diseases was obtained by the composts amended with Anabaena oscillarioides C12 and Bacillus subtillis B5 and the compost tea preparations. Both treatments provided significantly better control than the other treatments in terms of reduction in disease severity, reduction of fungal load and enhancement of plant parameters. Our study reveals the efficacy of microbe-fortified composts for use in control of the studied root diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi.  相似文献   

Torrent Control and Stabilization through Bio-engineering Measures in North Western Himalayan Region     

R.  Kumar  I.  P.  Sharma V. Sharma 《农业科学与技术》2011,(2):188-193

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家蚕来源肠球菌DNA多态性的RAPD分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

王彦文  鲁兴萌  牟志美  V Shyam Kumar 《蚕业科学》2005,31(1):59-63

运用随机扩增多态性DNA(randomamplifiedpolymorphicDNA,RAPD)技术,对从家蚕消化道中分离的表现为生理生化特性多样性的14个肠球菌分离菌株和3个标准菌株进行了DNA多态性研究。应用筛选的8条随机引物,共扩增出625个位点,其中997%为多态性位点,表明供试菌株具有丰富的DNA多态性。对扩增结果进行聚类分析,供试菌株分为Entfaecalis、Entfaecium、Entcasseliflavus、Entavium等4个类群,与其数值鉴定结果呈相同趋势。  相似文献   

Hyperaccumulative Characteristics of Weed Species to Heavy Metals     

Shuhe Wei  Qixing Zhou  Uttam Kumar Saha 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2008,192(1-4):173-181

Phytoremediation, which mainly employs hyperaccumulators to remove heavy metals from contaminated soils, is receiving more attention world-wide. The identification of hyperaccumulators is still a key step for phytoremediation. This research is devoted to identify some plants with hyperaccumulative characteristics from weed species. In a pot culture experiment, the hyperaccumulative characteristics of 13 weed species in 11 families to Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn were examined. The result showed that Taraxacum mongolicum and Rorippa globosa indicated some Cd hyperaccumulative properties. In a sample-analysis experiment conducted in a Pb?Zn mining area, T. mongolicum and R. globosa also displayed the same hyperaccumulative characteristics. However, in a concentration gradient experiment, Cd content in shoot of T. mongolicum was not higher than 100 mg/kg (DW, dry weight), the minimum Cd concentration for a Cd-hyperaccumulator in any treatment. The concentration of Cd in the stems and leaves of R. globosa were greater than 100 mg/kg, under the conditions of the soils spiked with 25 and 50 mg/kg Cd. The Cd accumulation factors and translocation factors in the shoots of R. globosa were higher than 1 too, and the plant biomasses did not decrease significantly (p?<?0.05) compared with the control. Thus, we conclude that only R. globosa showed the whole Cd-hyperaccumulator properties, which is a Cd-hyperaccumulator.  相似文献   

Soil enzymatic activity as affected by long term application of farm yard manure and mineral fertilizer under a rainfed soybean–wheat system in N-W Himalaya   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Supradip Saha  Ved Prakash  Samaresh Kundu  Narendra Kumar  Banshi Lal Mina 《European Journal of Soil Biology》2008,44(3):309-315

Long-term experimental sites are expected to provide important information regarding soil properties as affected by management practices. This study was designed to examine the effects of continuous fertilization, and manuring on the activities of enzymes involved in mineralization of C, N, and P on a long term (33 years) field trial under sub-temperate conditions in India. Treatments at the site included application of recommended doses of nitrogen and phosphorus (NP), nitrogen and potassium (NK), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK), farmyard manure (FYM) with N (N + FYM), FYM with NPK (NPK + FYM) and un-amended control (C). The study was done under rainfed soybean–wheat rotation. Manure application increased soil carbohydrate, dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatases, cellulase, and protease activity significantly. Urease activity was not influenced by the manure treatment and the activity was highest in controls. Both acid and alkaline phosphatase activities were negatively influenced by chemical fertilizer treatment. Almost all the enzymes studied were significantly correlated with soil C content. The results suggest that application of FYM directly or indirectly influences the enzyme activity and it in turn regulates nutrient transformation.  相似文献   

Towards collection of wild relatives of crop plants in India     

Anjula Pandey  Ajay Kumar Tomer  D. C. Bhandari  S. K. Pareek 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(2):187-202

A total of 373 species of wild relatives of crop plants representing 120 genera and 48 families were collected from different phytogeographical regions of India during a mission mode sub-project on Sustainable Management of Plant Biodiversity under National Agricultural Technology Project during 1999–2005. Significant diversity representing endemic/rare/endangered species has been discussed in this paper. The information on phytogeographical distribution, life form, economic types and assessment of threat has also been included. Thrust areas for future target collections and conservation have been discussed to serve as reference for management of genetic resources.  相似文献   

Conservation agriculture based sustainable intensification of basmati rice-wheat system in North-West India     

Hanuman Sahay Jat  Pardeep Kumar  Jhabar Mal Sutaliya  Satish Kumar  Yadvinder Singh 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2019,65(10):1370-1386

Continuous mono-cropping of rice-wheat (RW) system with conventional tillage (CT) based management practices have led to decline in soil health, groundwater table and farmers profit in north-west India. A medium-term (4 years) farmer’s participatory strategic research trial of basmati RW system was conducted to evaluate the effects of conservation agriculture (CA) based management practices on crop yields, water productivity, profitability and soil quality. Six treatments were compared varied in the cropping system, tillage, crop establishment and residue management. CA-based management under zero-till direct seeded rice-wheat-mungbean recorded 36% higher system yield than conventional till rice-wheat system (14.91 Mg ha^?1). CA-based rice-wheat system and rice-wheat-mungbean system saved ~35% irrigation water compared to conventional RW system (2168 mm ha^?1). Total water productivity (WP_I+R) was improved by 67% with CA-based rice-wheat-mungbean system (0.90 kg grain m^?3) over the conventional system. On system basis, 42% higher net return was recorded with CA-based rice-wheat-mungbean system compared to conventional system (USD 2570 ha^?1). Mungbean integration in basmati RW system contributed 29% share in system net returns across the treatments. Soil chemical and biological properties were improved by ~40% and 150%, respectively, with CA-based management system.  相似文献