Real-time PCR genotyping assay for feline erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency and mutant allele frequency in purebred cats in Japan     

Kazuya KUSHIDA  Urs GIGER  Toshihiko TSUTSUI  Megumi INABA  Yoshio KONNO  Kureha HAYASHI  Kana NOGUCHI  Akira YABUKI  Keijiro MIZUKAMI  Moeko KOHYAMA  Yasuyuki ENDO  Osamu YAMATO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(6):743-746

Erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency is an inherited glycolytic erythroenzymopathy caused by mutations of the PKLR gene. A causative mutation of the feline PKLR gene was originally identified in Abyssinian and Somali cats in the U.S.A. In the present study, a TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR genotyping assay was developed and evaluated for rapid genotyping and large-scale screening for this mutation. Furthermore, a genotyping survey was carried out in a population of four popular purebred cats in Japan to determine the current mutant allele frequency. The assay clearly displayed all genotypes of feline PK deficiency, indicating its suitability for large-scale survey as well as diagnosis. The survey demonstrated that the mutant allele frequency in Abyssinian and Somali cats was high enough to warrant measures to control and prevent the disease. The mutant allele frequency was relatively low in Bengal and American Shorthair cats; however, the testing should still be carried out to prevent the spread of the disease. In addition, PK deficiency should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of anemia in purebred cats in Japan as well as worldwide.  相似文献   

Transient Fanconi syndrome in Quarter horses     

Cameon M. Ohmes  Elizabeth G. Davis  Laurie A. Beard  Karie A. Vander Werf  Alex W. Bianco  Urs Giger 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2014,55(2):147-151

Two Quarter horses with weight loss had glucosuria, euglycemia, and a mild metabolic acidosis suggesting a proximal renal tubular defect. Further testing revealed transient generalized aminoaciduria, lactic aciduria, and glucosuria, indicating Fanconi syndrome. Both horses recovered with supportive therapy. This is the first report of acquired Fanconi syndrome in horses.  相似文献   

Factors affecting the persistence of traditional agricultural landscapes in Slovakia during the collectivization of agriculture     

Juraj Lieskovský  Pavol Kenderessy  Jana Špulerová  Tibor Lieskovský  Peter Koleda  Felix Kienast  Urs Gimmi 《Landscape Ecology》2014,29(5):867-877

Collectivization of agriculture (1950s–1970s) was one of the most important periods in landscape development in Slovakia. Traditionally managed agricultural landscapes, that covered more than half of the Slovak territory, were transformed into large-scale fields and only fragments of traditional agricultural landscapes survived. We mapped the remaining traditional agricultural landscapes using aerial photos and historical maps. We then statistically analyzed the various geographical factors and their influence on the transformation process of traditional and collectivized fields, i.e., slope steepness, soil fertility, distance from settlements and isolation from regional capital cities. The comparison was performed using classification tree analysis. We constructed a set of decision rules that explain why fields were managed traditionally or collectivized. Our findings show that traditional agricultural fields were more likely to persist on steep terrain, less fertile soils, and on locations that were closer to the settlements, but more isolated from the regional capital cities. Steepness played the most important role: small-scale fields located on steep areas were not accessible to heavy machinery and therefore, frequently survived the collectivization. We show that the selected geographical factors are good explanatory variables for the collectivization of arable fields and orchards. For vineyards and grasslands, however, the explanatory power of the selected geographical factors is lower, and we suspect that other factors, not depicted in the analysis play an important role.  相似文献   

264 years of change and persistence in an agrarian landscape: a case study from the Swiss lowlands   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Matthias Bürgi  Daniel Salzmann  Urs Gimmi 《Landscape Ecology》2015,30(7):1321-1333

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Drought and salinity: A comparison of their effects on mineral nutrition of plants   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yuncai Hu  Urs Schmidhalter 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2005,168(4):541-549

The increasing frequency of dry periods in many regions of the world and the problems associated with salinity in irrigated areas frequently result in the consecutive occurrence of drought and salinity on cultivated land. Currently, 50% of all irrigation schemes are affected by salinity. Nutrient disturbances under both drought and salinity reduce plant growth by affecting the availability, transport, and partitioning of nutrients. However, drought and salinity can differentially affect the mineral nutrition of plants. Salinity may cause nutrient deficiencies or imbalances, due to the competition of Na⁺ and Cl^– with nutrients such as K⁺, Ca²⁺, and NO . Drought, on the other hand, can affect nutrient uptake and impair acropetal translocation of some nutrients. Despite contradictory reports on the effects of nutrient supply on plant growth under saline or drought conditions, it is generally accepted that an increased nutrient supply will not improve plant growth when the nutrient is already present in sufficient amounts in the soil and when the drought or salt stress is severe. A better understanding of the role of mineral nutrients in plant resistance to drought and salinity will contribute to an improved fertilizer management in arid and semi‐arid areas and in regions suffering from temporary drought. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge on plant nutrition under drought and salinity conditions. Specific topics include: (1) the effects of drought and salt stress on nutrient availability, uptake, transport, and accumulation in plants, (2) the interactions between nutrient supply and drought‐ or salt‐stress response, and (3) means to increase nutrient availability under drought and salinity by breeding and molecular approaches.  相似文献   

CD8alphaalpha-mediated survival and differentiation of CD8 memory T cell precursors   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Madakamutil LT  Christen U  Lena CJ  Wang-Zhu Y  Attinger A  Sundarrajan M  Ellmeier W  von Herrath MG  Jensen P  Littman DR  Cheroutre H 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5670):590-593

Memory T cells are long-lived antigen-experienced T cells that are generally accepted to be direct descendants of proliferating primary effector cells. However, the factors that permit selective survival of these T cells are not well established. We show that homodimeric alpha chains of the CD8 molecule (CD8alphaalpha) are transiently induced on a selected subset of CD8alphabeta+ T cells upon antigenic stimulation. These CD8alphaalpha molecules promote the survival and differentiation of activated lymphocytes into memory CD8 T cells. Thus, memory precursors can be identified among primary effector cells and are selected for survival and differentiation by CD8alphaalpha.  相似文献   

Effects of basal debris on glacier flow   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Iverson NR  Cohen D  Hooyer TS  Fischer UH  Jackson M  Moore PL  Lappegard G  Kohler J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5629):81-84

Glacier movement is resisted partially by debris, either within glaciers or under glaciers in water-saturated layers. In experiments beneath a thick, sliding glacier, ice containing 2 to 11% debris exerted shear traction of 60 to 200 kilopascals on a smooth rock bed, comparable to the total shear traction beneath glaciers and contrary to the usual assumption that debris-bed friction is negligible. Imposed pore-water pressure that was 60 to 100% of the normal stress in a subglacial debris layer reduced shear traction on the debris sufficiently to halt its deformation and cause slip of ice over the debris. Slip resistance was thus less than debris shearing resistance.  相似文献   

Chemistry. The chlorine dilemma     

Sedlak DL  von Gunten U 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6013):42-43

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A small-scale foreign aid strategy     

Gerber U 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,307(5714):1410

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Stable carbon cycle-climate relationship during the Late Pleistocene   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Siegenthaler U  Stocker TF  Monnin E  Lüthi D  Schwander J  Stauffer B  Raynaud D  Barnola JM  Fischer H  Masson-Delmotte V  Jouzel J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,310(5752):1313-1317

A record of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations measured on the EPICA (European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica) Dome Concordia ice core extends the Vostok CO2 record back to 650,000 years before the present (yr B.P.). Before 430,000 yr B.P., partial pressure of atmospheric CO2 lies within the range of 260 and 180 parts per million by volume. This range is almost 30% smaller than that of the last four glacial cycles; however, the apparent sensitivity between deuterium and CO2 remains stable throughout the six glacial cycles, suggesting that the relationship between CO2 and Antarctic climate remained rather constant over this interval.  相似文献