Establishment of a potency test by ELISA for a rabies vaccine for animal use in Japan   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Gamoh K  Shimazaki Y  Senda M  Makie H  Itoh O  Muramatsu M  Hirayama N  Hatakeyama H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(6):685-688

The ELISA we developed was able to determine the antigen content and was suitable for a potency test, and we described a relative potency assay method which determines the potency of test vaccines by comparing the ELISA value of a test vaccine to that of a reference vaccine. In the present study, we standardized the reference vaccine used for determining the potencies of test vaccines, and established a potency test by ELISA. We evaluated the proposed reference vaccine by the neutralizing antibody responses in dogs after vaccination, by the challenge protection test in guinea pigs (GP potency test), which is the earlier official potency test used in Japan, and by the NIH potency test, which is widely used throughout the world. The results showed that a 4-fold dilution of the proposed reference vaccine induced sufficient immunity in dogs. A 3-fold dilution of the proposed reference vaccine passed the GP potency test. The international units (IU) calibrated by the NIH potency test were 3.7 IU/dose. From the results and the WHO recommendation that veterinary rabies vaccines should have a potency of at least 1.0 IU/dose, we determined to dilute the proposed reference vaccine by 3 fold and regarded it as the reference vaccine. Finally, we confirmed that there is a good agreement between the results of the potency test by ELISA and the results of the GP potency test. The establishment of the potency test by ELISA has made it possible to monitor the potency in the production process and has contributed to the stable production of the vaccine.  相似文献   

Survey on wild rodents for endoparasites in Iwate Prefecture, Japan     

Ito M  Itagaki T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(10):1151-1153

Wild rodents (58 Apodemus speciosus, 29 A. argenteus and 7 Microtus montebelli) were surveyed for endoparasites in Iwate Prefecture, Japan, from October to December 1995 and from April to October 1996. Two trematodes (Echinostoma macrorchis, Plagiorchis muris), 4 or more cestodes (Hymenolepis diminuta, Raillietina coreensis, Cladothyridium spp., Cysticercus fasciolaris), 12 nematodes (Carolinensis minutus, Eucoleus sp., Heligmosomoides kurilensis, H. protobullosus, H. speciosus, Heterakis spumosa, Rhabditis (Pelodera) orbitalis, Rictularia cristata, Syphacia emileromani, S. frederici, S. montana, Trichuris sp.) and 3 protozoans (Giardia sp., Trichomonas sp., Trypanosoma sp.) were identified. The two species of Apodemus were similar to each other, but they were extremely different from M. montebelli in parasite fauna.  相似文献   

Structural polypeptides of a Palyam serogroup Orbivirus isolated in Japan     

T ITO  H AKASHI  M YAMAKAWA  H KUROGI  Y INABA 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(4):153-154

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Cross-sectional cutting of bamboo with a pair of shearing blades for bamboo cube production     

Takeshi Ohuchi  Megumi Nakahara  Yasuhide Murase 《Journal of Wood Science》2006,52(3):274-278

As a new use of bamboo, bamboo cubes may be useful as a shot-blast material for surface treatments. However, a suitable processing technique for bamboo cubes has not been established. In this study, to obtain basic knowledge regarding the processing technology for bamboo cubes, we installed shearing blades (upper and lower blades) in a universal testing machine to test cross-sectional shearing of bamboo. The shearing force generated in this shearing was composed of a vertical component (F _v), a forward component (F _f), and a side component (F _s). This shearing force (F _v, F _f, and F _s) and the machining accuracy were investigated under various processing conditions. The shearing force became larger as the thickness of bamboo increased. In particular, F _v showed a tendency to increase rapidly. Changes in the shear angle of the upper blade had a remarkable influence on F _v. This result suggests that the shearing force could be greatly decreased by adjusting the shear angle. The shearing force within bamboo of 3mm in thickness was almost unaffected by the blade angle, and the change of shearing force with increasing clearance was almost indiscernible. It was clearly demonstrated that a large number of bamboo cubes could be made when the shear angle was large and cross-sectional shearing was performed from the bark side. However, a consequence of a large shear angle is that burr area increases. Part of this article was presented at the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Fukuoka, March 2003  相似文献   

First report of trunk rot caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fomitiporia torreyae</Emphasis> in Kyoto prefecture on cultivars of Japanese cedar with no relatedness to ‘Sanbu-sugi’     

Yuko Ota  Megumi K. Kimura  Tsutomu Hattori  Yurika Miyuki  Ryota Endo 《Journal of Forest Research》2016,21(2):105-109

Trunk rot, caused by Fomitiporia torreyae, is one of the most economically important sap rot diseases on Cryptomeria japonica, especially on a cutting cultivar ‘Sanbu-sugi’. This disease had been reported only from Chiba and Ibaraki prefectures in Japan; however, a similar trunk rot on Japanese cedars was found recently in Kyoto prefecture. We identified the causal agent of the trunk rot on Japanese cedars in Kyoto prefecture, clarified the genotype of ‘Sanbu-sugi’ (sensu stricto) using microsatellite markers, and then investigated the relatedness of these infected cedars with ‘Sanbu-sugi’. The pathogen was identified as F. torreyae by its DNA sequences and morphological characteristics of the fruiting body. The 25 ramets of ‘Sanbu-sugi’ had only one genotype based on eight microsatellite loci. Infected Japanese cedars in Kyoto were comprised of different genotypes and showed no close relatedness to ‘Sanbu-sugi’. This is the first report of trunk rot caused by F. torreyae on cultivars of Japanese cedar with no relatedness to ‘Sanbu-sugi’ outside of Chiba and Ibaraki prefectures and showed the potential for expansion of this disease to Japanese cedar plantations in other areas.  相似文献   

Real-time PCR genotyping assay for feline erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency and mutant allele frequency in purebred cats in Japan     

Kazuya KUSHIDA  Urs GIGER  Toshihiko TSUTSUI  Megumi INABA  Yoshio KONNO  Kureha HAYASHI  Kana NOGUCHI  Akira YABUKI  Keijiro MIZUKAMI  Moeko KOHYAMA  Yasuyuki ENDO  Osamu YAMATO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(6):743-746

Erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency is an inherited glycolytic erythroenzymopathy caused by mutations of the PKLR gene. A causative mutation of the feline PKLR gene was originally identified in Abyssinian and Somali cats in the U.S.A. In the present study, a TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR genotyping assay was developed and evaluated for rapid genotyping and large-scale screening for this mutation. Furthermore, a genotyping survey was carried out in a population of four popular purebred cats in Japan to determine the current mutant allele frequency. The assay clearly displayed all genotypes of feline PK deficiency, indicating its suitability for large-scale survey as well as diagnosis. The survey demonstrated that the mutant allele frequency in Abyssinian and Somali cats was high enough to warrant measures to control and prevent the disease. The mutant allele frequency was relatively low in Bengal and American Shorthair cats; however, the testing should still be carried out to prevent the spread of the disease. In addition, PK deficiency should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of anemia in purebred cats in Japan as well as worldwide.  相似文献   

Effect of ovarian hormones on maturation of dendritic cells from peripheral blood monocytes in dogs     

Viskam WIJEWARDANA  Kikuya SUGIURA  Daluthgamage Patsy H. WIJESEKERA  Shingo HATOYA  Toshiya NISHIMURA  Ryoji KANEGI  Takahiro USHIGUSA  Toshio INABA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(7):771-775

Previously, we reported that ovarian hormones affect the immune response against E. coli isolated from the dogs affected with pyometra. In order to investigate mechanisms underlying the immune modulation, we examined the effects of ovarian hormones on the generation of dendritic cells (DCs), the most potent antigen presenting cell. DCs were differentiated from peripheral blood monocytes (PBMOs) using a cytokine cocktail. Both estrogen receptor and progesterone receptors were expressed by the PBMOs and immature DCs. When various ovarian hormones were added to the culture for the DC differentiation, progesterone significantly decreased the expression of DC maturation markers, such as CD1a, CD80 and CD86, on mature DCs. Conversely, the addition of estrogen to the cultures increased the expression of CD86, but not other maturation makers. Furthermore, DCs differentiated in the presence of progesterone did not stimulate allogeneic mononuclear cells in PB. Taken together, these results indicate that progesterone diminishes the maturation of DCs, leading to decreased immune responses against invading pathogens.  相似文献   

Relationship between blood calcium level and ST peak interval of electrocardiographic variables in peripartum Holstein cows     

Megumi ITOH  Yoshie SAKURAI  Yasuhiro NAKAJIMA  Satoshi KAWAMOTO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(12):1655-1657

The association between blood calcium levels and electrocardiographic variables was compared in 137 normal parturient and 36 peripartum recumbent Holstein cows to determine whether hypocalcemia in peripartum dairy cows can be rapidly diagnosed using electrocardiograph. Inverse of STc (ST peak interval/SS interval^0.5) and blood ionized calcium or serum calcium concentrations were strongly correlated, and both correlation coefficients were 0.81 (P<0.001). The 95% prediction interval indicated that cows with STc >0.385 ± 0.001 sec are very likely to be hypocalcemic (blood ionized or serum calcium concentrations of <0.9 mmol/l or <7.5 mg/dl, respectively). These findings indicate that hypocalcemia in parturient cows can be non-invasively estimated using the STc.  相似文献   

Effect of infection timing on fusarium head blight and mycotoxin accumulation in open- and closed-flowering barley     

Yoshida M  Kawada N  Nakajima T 《Phytopathology》2007,97(9):1054-1062

ABSTRACT Barley has two flowering types, chasmogamous (open-flowering) and cleistogamous (closed-flowering). We examined the effect of the timing of Fusarium graminearum infection on Fusarium head blight (FHB) and mycotoxin accumulation in barley cultivars with different flowering types using greenhouse experiments. In the first experiment, 13 cultivars were spray inoculated at two different developmental stages, and the severity of FHB was evaluated. The effect of the timing of infection differed among cultivars. Cleistogamous cultivars were resistant at anthesis but susceptible at 10 days after anthesis, whereas chasmogamous cultivars were already susceptible at anthesis. In the second experiment, five cultivars were inoculated at three different developmental stages and the concentrations of deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) in mature grain were analyzed. Cleistogamous cultivars accumulated more mycotoxins (DON and NIV) when inoculated 10 or 20 days after anthesis than when inoculated at anthesis, whereas chasmogamous cultivars accumulated more mycotoxins when inoculated at anthesis. Thus, the most critical time for F. graminearum infection and mycotoxin accumulation in barley differs with cultivar, and likely is associated with the flowering type. Late infection, even without accompanied FHB symptoms, was also significant in terms of the risk of mycotoxin contamination.  相似文献   

Inhibitory effect of heparin on Rhabdovirus and Bunyavirus isolated from cattle     

S NAKAMURA  Y ISHIHARA  K ISHIKAWA  T SHIMAZAKI  Y INOUE  H SASAKI  Y INABA 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(7):264-265

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