春小麦产量和蛋白质关系研究──干物质积累分配与氮素同化运转   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

刘晓冰  李文雄  周鹏 《东北农业大学学报》1996,(2)

利用产量不同、蛋白质含量不同和加工品质各异的３个春小麦品种，研究了灌浆过程中干物质积累分配和氮素同化运转与产量和蛋白质含量的关系．结果表明，干物质的积累量，品种间存在明显差异，高产低蛋白品种和干物质产量高于低产高蛋白类型，高产高蛋白类型积累量最高；营养体的氮素积累变化动态．因向籽粒中转运量的不同而异．各营养体对籽粒氮的贡献顺序为茎（含叶鞘）＞叶片＞穗轴和颖片；品种间开花前后的氮素同化量不同，高蛋白品种倾向于花前同化量多，高产品种花后同化量比例相对增加，高产高蛋白类型两者兼之，品种间花后氮素同化量占总同化量的变幅为１５．３５％～４８．３５％；生育期干物质产量高是高产高蛋白品种的重要物质基础，氮素总同化量与蛋白质含量关系不大，氮素转运效率与蛋白质含量密切相关．ＮＨＩ：ＧＨＩ比例决定着蛋白质含量．  相似文献   

旋耕刀辊与机罩间隙对反转灭茬作业质量和功耗的影响     

陈伟  陈小兵  朱继平  袁栋  姚克恒 《农机化研究》2017,(6):193-197

通过试验对比的方法,从间隙的垂直距离和水平距离角度,分析旋耕刀辊与弯折状机罩间隙对反转灭茬作业的驱动功耗、植被覆盖率及土下埋茬的具体影响。研究结果表明:1间隙的垂直距离对机具作业功耗影响较为明显,垂直距离a为65、75、85mm,水平距离b=50mm时,功耗随着a的增加而增大,增幅分别为3.9%、4.3%。2当间隙垂直距离a为6 5、7 5、8 5 mm,b为5 0 mm及水平距离b为3 5、5 0、6 5 mm,垂直距离a为7 5 mm时,机具作业植被覆盖率均超过96%。3间隙对土下埋茬情况影响较为突出,埋茬情况在间隙调整范围内变化幅度大,土下0~5cm内的根茬占土下根茬总量的28.1%~62.4%。  相似文献   

吡唑醚菌酯对两种优稀水果病原菌的毒力测定及田间防治效果     

宋晓兵  黄峰  罗小玲  林培华  彭埃天  凌金锋  崔一平 《中国农学通报》2022,38(27):125-128

为推荐登记优稀水果重要病害的防治用药,有效缓解小宗作物病害防治缺药或无药可用的现状。采用室内毒力测定及田间药效试验,评价30%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂防治黄皮炭疽病和番石榴叶斑病的防治效果及安全性。试验结果表明,吡唑醚菌酯对黄皮炭疽病菌和番石榴叶斑病菌菌丝生长均有较好的抑制作用,EC₅₀分别为 0.0321 μg/mL 和 2.0167 μg/mL,均显著优于对照药剂嘧菌酯的抑菌效果;30%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂有效成分用量 250 mg/kg 对黄皮炭疽病和番石榴叶斑病具有较好的田间防治效果,施药处理3次后对2种果树病害的防治效果分别达到78.68%和77.45%,显著优于对照药剂25%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂200 mg/kg的处理。30%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂对黄皮炭疽病和番石榴叶斑病均具有较好的防治效果,值得应用于两种果树病害的防治与示范推广。  相似文献   

杂交水稻光合作用以及产量性状的配合力分析     

鄢小青  阮仁超  陈惠查  黎小冰  焦爱霞  谭金玉  陈能刚 《贵州农业科学》2017,45(6)

为探明杂交水稻亲本光合作用以及产量相关性状的配合力与遗传力,为杂交水稻高光效育种提供理论依据,以3个恢复系和5个不育系为亲本,采用3×5NCII遗传设计,对光合作用相关的6个指标和5个产量性状进行配合力方差分析。结果表明:在组合间除胞间CO_2浓度差异达显著以外,其余指标和性状差异均达极显著水平;除有效穗和穗长等性状受组合特殊配合力影响外,其余性状主要受亲本一般配合力的制约;光合作用相关指标的一般配合力与狭义遗传力差异不大,加性效应遗传较大,遗传稳定。恢复系RM222、R8319和GR8206多数性状的一般配合力效应和特殊配合力效应较高,通过杂种优势的分析,GR8206的杂种优势较强,具有较好的应用前景。  相似文献   

大豆转基因技术研究进展     

任海祥  南海洋  曹东  刘晓冰  刘宝辉  孔凡江 《东北农业大学学报》2012,(7):6-12

目前,转基因大豆研究已成为国内外大豆分子生物学的研究热点,国外已成功将转基因大豆作为推动大豆产业发展的动力.我国转基因大豆研究处于起步阶段,缺乏具有自主知识产权的高效转基因大豆品种,应借鉴国外先进的转化技术和成功经验,立足现有技术,改进遗传转化体系.文章综述转基因大豆的应用概况和研究现状,介绍大豆遗传转化体系和大豆转基因方法,阐述目前转基因大豆存在的问题及应用前景  相似文献   

Coupling changes of soil functional gene abundances and extracellular enzyme activities across the diagnostic horizons of agricultural Isohumosols     

Zhuxiu LIU  Haidong GU  Xiaojing HU  Zhenhua YU  Yansheng LI  Junjie LIU  Jian JIN  Xiaobing LIU  Guanghua WANG 《土壤圈》2024,34(3):540-552

Soil functional microbial taxa and extracellular enzymes are involved in a variety of biogeochemical cycling processes. Although many studies have revealed the vertical change patterns of microbial communities along soil profile, the general understanding of the coupling changes in the functional gene abundances (FGAs) and extracellular enzyme activities (EEAs) in soil profiles is still limited, which hinders us from revealing soil ecosystem processes. Herein, we comparatively investigated the FGAs and EEAs in the diagnostic A, B, and C horizons of soil profiles obtained from two suborders of Isohumosols (Mollisols), Ustic and Udic Isohumosols, in Northeast China based on quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and standard fluorometric techniques, respectively. The distribution patterns of both FGAs and EEAs significantly distinguished by the two soil suborders and were also separated from A to C horizon. Additionally, the variations of EEAs and FGAs were greater in Udic Isohumosols compared to Ustic Isohumosols along soil profiles, and greater changes were observed in C horizon than in A horizon. Both FGAs and EEAs correspondently decreased along the soil profiles. However, when normalized by soil organic carbon, the specific EEAs significantly increased in deep soil horizons, suggesting that microorganisms will input more resources to the production of enzymes to ensure microbial nutrient requirements under resource scarcity. More importantly, we revealed that soil microbial nutrient demands were limited by carbon (C) and phosphorus (P), and the C and P limitations significantly increased along soil profiles with a greater C limitation observed in Ustic Isohumosols than in Udic Isohumosols. Overall, our findings provided solid evidence showing the links between FGAs, EEAs, and microbial nutrient limitations, which would be helpful for a better understanding of the ecosystem processes in soil profiles.  相似文献   

棉花油分合成相关基因的SSCP标记开发   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

谢晓兵  于霁雯  吴嫚  郑云娜  翟红红  李兴丽  范术丽  宋美珍  张金发  喻树迅 《分子植物育种》2011,9(3):336-342

本研究根据棉花油份合成相关基因(lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase,LPAAT; diacylglycerol acyltransferase,DGAT; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase,PEPC)设计了75对引物,在8个棉花品种中运用SSCP技术...  相似文献   

Agronomic and physiological contributions to the yield improvement of soybean cultivars released from 1950 to 2006 in Northeast China     

Jian Jin  Xiaobing Liu  Guanghua Wang  Liang Mi  Zhongbao Shen  Xueli Chen  Stephen J. Herbert 《Field Crops Research》2010,115(1):116-123

Increasing yield is a high priority in most breeding programs. Approximately 600 soybean cultivars had been released by the end of the last century in Northeast China. Understanding the agronomic and physiological changes is essential for planning further plant breeding strategies in soybean. In this study, 45 representative soybean cultivars, from maturity groups 00 and 0, released from 1950 to 2006 in Northeast China were compared in field conditions for 3 consecutive years. A positive correlation between seed yield and year of cultivar release was indicated with a 0.58% average annual increase. Seed number per plant was the most important contributor to yield gain, with a 0.41% increase per year. Pod number per plant and seed size varied slightly with the year of cultivar release. Although variation in protein was from 37.0% to 45.5%, and oil concentration was from 16.7% to 22.0%, their concentrations were not consistently related to year of cultivar release. A 33% increase in the photosynthetic rate, 10.6% increase in plant dry weight and 19.0% increase in harvest index (HI) were found, while leaf area index (LAI) decreased by 17.3%. Modern cultivars have higher photosynthetic rates than their predecessors. The reduced plant height gave increased resistance to lodging, with the lodging score dropping from 3.2 in 1951 to 1.0 in 2006. Seed resistances to disease and pest infestation were also improved. Yield stability was enhanced over years, which could be attributed to the stable pod production across different environments. A flow diagram to explain the contributors to genetic improvement of soybeans in Northeast China was developed.  相似文献   

H6N1亚型禽流感病毒A/Mallard/Heilongjiang/301/2007非结构蛋白基因全序列扩增及分析     

李晓冰  华育平  张进 《野生动物》2008,29(3):135-137

2007年秋我们从迁徙水禽绿头鸭(Anas platyrhynchos)中分离出一株H6N1亚型低致病性禽流感病毒A/Mallard/Heilongjiang/301/2007.通过设计特异性引物对其非结构蛋白基因(NS)进行了全序列的扩增,并在GenBank中的序列进行比较,发现A/Mallard/Heilongjiang/301/2007属于欧亚系禽流感病毒,此株病毒NS基因与duck/Hokkaido/Vac-1/2004 H5N1株NS基因同源率高达98.5%,可能与北海道地区禽流感病毒具有共同起源.另外此株病毒NS基因在263～277位并没有发生15碱基的缺失,所以应属于等位基因A,亚系Ⅰ型.  相似文献   

简便高质量的食用菌总RNA提取方法   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

税丕容  郑晓冰  林俊芳  郭丽琼 《食用菌学报》2008,15(1):32-41

STE法是针对食用菌多糖含量高而设计的一种提取食用菌总RNA的有效方法。本研究以灵芝、香菇和白腐真菌TR16菌株的菌丝体为材料，采用STE法提取其总RNA，同时以Trizol法作对照。结果表明：采用STE法提取的三种菌丝的总RNAA260／A280比值在1．80～2．10范围内，A260／A230略大于2．00；而Trizol法提取的总RNAA260／A280比值小于1．80，A260／A230小于1．90，明显比STE法效果差；总RNA电泳检测表明：STE法的3条带（28S rRNA、18SrRNA和5SrRNA）清晰，无拖尾，无杂带，效果比Trizol法好；将STE法提取的总RNA进行反转录后合成双链cDNA，进行预扩增，电泳显示呈弥散状；再进行选择性扩增，有相同或相异的条带。进一步表明STE法提取的总RNA质量较高，可以满足后续分子生物学研究的要求。  相似文献