Seasonal variations in photosynthesis of Picea morrisonicola growing in the subalpine region of subtropical Taiwan     

Weng JH  Liao TS  Sun KH  Chung JC  Lin CP  Chu CH 《Tree physiology》2005,25(8):973-979

From January 1999 to May 2001, we investigated seasonal variations in the photosynthetic capacity of Taiwan spruce (Picea morrisonicola Hay.) growing in the subalpine region of subtropical Taiwan (23 degrees 29' N, 120 degrees 53' E, 2600 m a.s.l.). Photosynthetic capacity (near light-saturated net photosynthetic rate, Pnsat, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and soluble protein concentration of needles all increased from mid or late spring to early winter. Even when minimum air temperature of the measuring day dropped to near 0 degrees C, Pnsat remained at about 20% of the highest value observed in winter. There was a curvilinear relationship between Fv/Fm and the minimum or mean air temperature of the measuring day. The increase in Fv/Fm with temperature was slowed when the daily mean air temperature was above 7 degrees C, or the minimum air temperature was above 3 degrees C; however, when air temperatures dropped below these values, Fv/Fm varied sharply. Seasonal variations in Pnsat paralleled those in Fv/Fm and needle soluble protein concentration. In early or mid spring when air temperature and Fv/Fm increased, Pnsat and soluble protein concentration remained low. Multiple regression analysis showed that seasonal variations in Pnsat were affected by Fv/Fm, air temperature and needle soluble protein concentration, and the multiple regression equation could be used to estimate Pnsat in different seasons. We conclude that the decrease in photosynthetic capacity of Taiwan spruce in winter and its subsequent recovery in spring were mainly caused by photoinhibition and its reversal, and changes in needle soluble protein concentration. Another possible explanation for the delayed recovery of photosynthetic capacity in spring may be associated with the slow increase in needle soluble protein concentration.  相似文献   

Essential oil from the leaves of Cryptomeria japonica acts as a silverfish (Lepisma saccharina) repellent and insecticide     

Sheng-Yang Wang  Wan-Chi Lai  Fang-Hua Chu  Chien-Tsong Lin  Shi-Yen Shen  Shang-Tzen Chang 《Journal of Wood Science》2006,52(6):522-526

This is the first article to report the evaluation of a natural product used as an antisilverfish agent. Silverfish (Lepisma saccharina), primitive wingless insects, feed on a variety of materials, including paper, cotton, starch, and cereals. They can be a problem in libraries and other places where books, documents, and papers are stored. In this pilot study, the essential oil from leaves of Cryptomeria japonica was investigated to test its properties as a silverfish repellent and insecticide. The results from a repellency bioassay show that the essential oil significantly repelled silverfish. The repellent activity was 80% at a dosage of 0.01 mg/cm³. When silverfish were exposed to a concentration of 0.16 mg/cm³ of essential oil, they were killed within 10h. The chemical composition of essential oil, the emissions from a test chamber, and the residue left on filter papers previously soaked with the essential oil in a chamber were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The components of the essential oil were found to be: elemol (18.22%), 16-kaurene (11.63%), 3-carene (9.66%), sabinene (9.37%), 4-terpineol (9.06%), β-eudesmol (5.70%), α-pinene (5.62%), and limonene (5.26%). Only some constituents of the essential oil compounds collected by solid-phase microextraction were found to be emitted in the test chamber. The main constituents were: 3-carene (21.03%), p-cymene (10.95%), limonene (9.49%), β-myrcene (9.39%), γ-terpinene (9.10%), α-terpinene (8.57%), and 4-terpineol (7.97%).  相似文献   

Determination of nitrofuran residues in milk of dairy cows using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry     

Chu PS  Lopez MI 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(6):2129-2135

An analytical method has been developed for the determination of total bound and extractable residues of the nitrofuran drugs furazolidone, nitrofurazone, furaltadone, and nitrofurantoin in milk of dairy cows. The method involves overnight acid hydrolysis and simultaneous derivatization of the released side chains with 2-nitrobenzaldehyde. During hydrolysis, the bound metabolites are hydrolyzed to the side chains. After pH adjustment and solid-phase extraction cleanup, the derivatives are detected and quantitated using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry system with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface. Validation of the method is accomplished by fortifying control milk with a mixture of side chains at 1, 2, and 4 ng/g. Internal standards are added at the beginning of the procedure to compensate for matrix effects and recovery losses. Method accuracies range from 83 to 104% with coefficients of variation less than 13% for all four analytes. The limits of detection are相似文献   

吉林省鲜食葡萄产业分析及发展对策     

张楚  申海林  邹利人  闫可  修荆昌  回依宁  齐晓光  董斌  温景辉 《吉林农业科学》2021,46(3):90-94

本文介绍了吉林省近二十年鲜食葡萄产业发展情况,结合地区分布、品种构成和栽培模式,概述了我省鲜食葡萄栽培现状,结合多年实地调研,指出了葡萄生产中存在的主要问题,并依据葡萄产业发展趋势提出了相应的对策和建议.  相似文献   

添加配重的五杆式丹参移栽机构动力学优化设计与试验     

徐高伟  宋裕民  褚瑞霞  荐世春  邱绪云  高琦 《中国农机化学报》2022,(2):15-21

配重法能降低五杆式丹参移栽机构的振动,改善其动力学性能.为获取所添加配重的最优参数,建立五杆式丹参移栽机构的动力学模型,在动力学模型的基础上建立移栽机构的动力学优化模型,运用多目标函数获取机构不同转速下所添加配重的优化参数,通过动力学分析,确定曲柄转速为60 r/min时所对应的配重参数为最优参数组合:曲柄AB添加配重...  相似文献   

Lactococcus garvieae, a cause of disease in grey mullet, Mugil cephalus L., in Taiwan     

S-C Chen  L-L Liaw  H-Y Su  S-C Ko  C-Y Wu  H-C Chaung  Y-H Tsai  K-L Yang  Y-C Chen  T-H Chen  G-R Lin  S-Y Cheng  Y-D Lin  J-L Lee  C-C Lai  Y-J Weng  S-Y Chu 《Journal of fish diseases》2002,25(12):727-732

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喀斯特生态系统土壤表面电化学特征及其影响因子     

赵楚  盛茂银  李雨萱  白义鑫  刘树西 《土壤学报》2022,59(3)

以西南喀斯特典型石漠化生态系统土壤为研究对象,采用空间替代时间的方法,研究石漠化演替过程中土壤表面电化学特征演变规律及其与土壤理化性质的相关性。采用物质表面联合分析法对不同石漠化等级土壤表面电化学属性及进行测定。结果表明,土壤表面电荷密度、表面电场强度、比表面、表面电荷数量随石漠化强度的增加而下降,其变化范围分别为0.34 C·m-2~0.42 C·m-2、4.85×108 V·m-1~5.86×108 V·m-1、47.11 m2·g-1~53.16 m2·g-1、16.86 cmol·kg-1~22.82 cmol·kg-1,土壤表面电位随石漠化强度的增加而上升,其变化范围为-113.74 mV~ -115.10 mV;研究区黏土矿物组成为伊利石、高岭石、绿泥石、伊蒙混层、绿蒙混层,且以绿蒙混层为主;土壤黏粒、砂粒、非晶质氧化铝、胡敏酸是影响喀斯特石漠化地区土壤表面电化学属性变化的主要因素,解释率分别为48.3%、38.1%、13.0%、12.0%;土壤粒径组成、有机质组分和金属氧化物对土壤表面电化学特征影响由强到弱依次分别为：土壤黏粒>砂粒>粉粒,胡敏酸>有机碳>富里酸,非晶质氧化铝>游离氧化铁>非晶质氧化铁。本研究对中国西南喀斯特石漠化土壤管理与调控、退化植被恢复重建具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Ionomic Profiling of Rice Genotypes and Identification of Varieties with Elemental Covariation Effects     

Zhang Chengming  Nobuhiro Tanaka  Maria Stefanie Dwiyanti  Matthew Shenton  Hayato Maruyama  Takuro Shinano  Chu Qingnan  Xie Jun  Toshihiro Watanabe 《水稻科学》2022,29(1):76-88

Ionomic profiles are primarily influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Identifying ionomic responses to varietal effects is necessary to understand the ionomic variations among species or subspecies and to potentially understand genetic effects on ionomic profiles. We cultivated 120 rice (Oryza sativa) varieties to seedling stage in identical hydroponic conditions and determined the concentrations of 26 elements (including 3 anions) in the shoots and roots of rice. Although the subspecies effects were limited by the genus Oryza pre-framework and its elemental chemical properties, we found significant differences in ionomic variations in most elements among the aus, indica and japonica subspecies. Principal component analysis of the correlations indicated that variations in the root-to-shoot ionomic transport mechanisms were the main causes of ionomic differences among the subspecies. Furthermore, the correlations were primarily associated with the screening of varieties for elemental covariation effects that can facilitate breeding biofortified rice varieties with safe concentrations of otherwise toxic elements. The japonica subspecies exhibited the strongest elemental correlations and elemental covariation effects, therefore, they showed greater advantages for biofortification than the indica and aus subspecies, whereas indica and aus subspecies were likely safer in metal(loid) polluted soils. We also found that geographical and historical distribution significantly defined the ionomic profiles. Overall, the results of this study provided a reference for further association studies to improve the nutritional status and minimize toxicity risks in rice production.  相似文献   

基于Daubechies小波分析的汽车电控发动机失火故障诊断信息提取     

王钰  储江伟 《森林工程》2014,(2):138-142,166

采用Daubechies （dbN）小波分析方法,对汽车电控发动机的瞬时转速信号进行降噪处理与分析.应用Matlab中的一维小波分析函数,对汽车电控发动机瞬时转速信号进行不同阶数和层数的拟合效果分析,并确定出使原始转速信号失真较小的拟合消失矩阶数（10阶）和层数（3层）;基于发动机瞬时转速的平均值M、瞬时转速的标准差Sd、变异系数作为特征值以及发动机转速数据频率分布图的特点,对电控发动机产生失火状态的故障识别的明显性进行比较.研究结果表明,常用的发动机失火故障的诊断仅是利用断缸法识别转速的变化,而采用dbN小波分析方法可以有效的提取明显表征电控发动机失火故障状态的变异系数及发动机转速数值主频分布特点等信息,可进一步增强对失火故障的识别程度和诊断的准确性.  相似文献   

宁波多元融合高弹性电网供电承载力建设的探索与实践     

袁士超  朱晓杰  张志雄  罗轶  谢楚 《农村电气化》2022,(1):8-10,14

供电承载力建设是宁波多元融合高弹性电网建设的重要内容,宁波供电公司分别从输变电设备动态增容、电网运行方式优化、负荷侧弹性提升、政策制定推动储能发展4个方面提出电网供电承载力提升方法,并在宁波电网夏季极端高负荷和假期低负荷运行情况下,充分利用各项措施实现电网供电承载力弹性变化,使其满足电网正常运行条件,为浙江地区多元融合...  相似文献