Veterinary nurse training     

Trew A 《The Veterinary record》2002,150(22):700

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Plasma glucose and cortisol responses to exogenous insulin in fasted donkeys     

Alison J Forhead  Hilary Dobson 《Research in veterinary science》1997,62(3):265

Susceptibility to equine hyperlipaemia is increased by poor food intake. To assess the contribution of changes in insulin sensitivity, plasma glucose and cortisol responses to an intravenous insulin challenge (0·4 kg⁻¹ bodyweight) were compared with those observed after saline administration in six donkeys fasted either overnight or for three days. Three days of fasting decreased both the rate of insulin-induced hypoglycemia and the maximal hypoglycemic response. A transitory increase in plasma cortisol which peaked within one to four hours of insulin administration was observed in three of the six overnight-fasted donkeys and in all of the three-day fasted donkeys; inter-animal variation appeared to exist in the responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical ( ) axis to stimulation by insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Fasting is likely to present a risk of equine hyperlipaemia, at least in part, by the reduction in tissue sensitivity to the glucoregulatory action of insulin.  相似文献   

A new acylated quercetin glycoside from Ranunculus lanuginosus     

Maria Prieto J  Braca A  Morelli I  Barker A  Schaffner U 《Fitoterapia》2004,75(6):533-538

A new acylated quercetin glycoside, quercetin 3-O-(2-t-p-coumaroyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), together with the known 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactic acid (2) were isolated from Ranunculus lanuginosus leaves and identified on the basis of detailed spectral analysis, including 2D-NMR spectrometry and ESI-MS.  相似文献   

Vaccination of pigs with the S48 strain of Toxoplasma gondii – safer meat for human consumption     

Alison Burrells  Julio Benavides  German Cantón  Jo?o L Garcia  Paul M Bartley  Mintu Nath  Jackie Thomson  Francesca Chianini  Elisabeth A Innes  Frank Katzer 《Veterinary research》2015,46(1)

As clinical toxoplasmosis is not considered a problem in pigs, the main reason to implement a control strategy against Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) in this species is to reduce the establishment of T. gondii tissue cysts in pork, consequently reducing the risk of the parasite entering the human food chain. Consumption of T. gondii tissue cysts from raw or undercooked meat is one of the main sources of human infection, with infected pork being considered a high risk. This study incorporates a mouse bioassay with molecular detection of T. gondii DNA to study the effectiveness of vaccination (incomplete S48 strain) in its ability to reduce tissue cyst burden in pigs, following oocyst (M4 strain) challenge. Results from the mouse bioassay show that 100% of mice which had received porcine tissues from vaccinated and challenged pigs survived compared with 51.1% of mice which received tissues from non-vaccinated and challenged pigs. The presence (or absence) of T. gondii DNA from individual mouse brains also confirmed these results. This indicates a reduction in viable T. gondii tissue cysts within tissues from pigs which have been previously vaccinated with the S48 strain. In addition, the study demonstrated that the main predilection sites for the parasite were found to be brain and highly vascular muscles (such as tongue, diaphragm, heart and masseter) of pigs, while meat cuts used as human food such as chop, loin, left tricep and left semitendinosus, had a lower burden of T. gondii tissue cysts. These promising results highlight the potential of S48 strain tachyzoites for reducing the number of T. gondii tissues cysts in pork and thus improving food safety.  相似文献   

Dissipation of the herbicide benzofenap (Taipan 300) in a rice field ecosystem     

Quayle WC  Oliver DP  Zrna S  Fattore A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(13):5199-5204

The fate of benzofenap [2-[4-(2,4-dicholoro-m-toluoyl)-1,3-dimethylpyrazol-5-yloxy]-4'-methylacetophenone] applied to flooded rice was studied at two locations in New South Wales (Australia). Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was compared with liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) for the determination of the commercial chemical in water samples. SPE performed well as compared to LLE (84 vs 80%) in irrigation waters. However, at the lower end of the concentration range (3 microg/L), LLE achieved higher recoveries than SPE (72 vs 59%). Rates of dissipation (DT50) from floodwaters and soils were measured. Dissipation of the herbicide from water and soil occurred fairly erratically in both mediums and can be best explained by a first-order decay process. The DT50 value for benzofenap was <1 day in irrigation water due to rapid deposition of the suspension concentrate formulation. The DT50 in surface soil was 44 days. The maximum measured concentration of benzofenap in a rice field floodwater was 39 microg/L, taking approximately 32 days to dissipate to <1 microg/L.  相似文献   

The Effect of Consumption of Selenium Enriched Rye/Wheat Sourdough Bread on the Body’s Selenium Status     

Bryszewska MA  Ambroziak W  Langford NJ  Baxter MJ  Colyer A  Lewis DJ 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2007,62(3):121-126

The potential of selenium-enriched rye/wheat sourdough bread as a route for supplementing dietary selenium intakes is reported. In addition to their normal diets, 24 female volunteers (24 to 25 years old) were fed either selenium-enriched bread or non-enriched bread each day (68.02 and 0.84 μg selenium day⁻¹ respectively) for 4 weeks. The chemical form of the selenium in the bread had been characterised using HPLC-ICP-MS, which showed that 42% of the extractable selenium was present as selenomethionine. Plasma selenium levels and plasma platelet glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) activity were measured in the volunteers’ blood over a 6-week period. A statistically significant difference (p = 0.001) was observed in the mean percentage change data, calculated from the plasma selenium level measurements for the enriched and control group, over the duration of the study. A comparable difference was not observed for the platelet GPx1 activity (p = 0.756), over the same period. Two weeks after cessation of the feeding stage, i.e., at t = 6 weeks, the mean percentage change value for the selenium plasma levels in the enriched group was still significantly elevated, suggesting that the absorbed selenium had been incorporated into the body’s selenium reserves, and was then being slowly released back into the volunteers’ blood.  相似文献   

Olfactory responses of Argentine stem weevil to herbivory and endophyte-colonisation in perennial ryegrass     

Hennessy  Louise M.  Popay  Alison J.  Glare  Travis R.  Finch  Sarah C.  Cave  Vanessa M.  Rost&#;s  Michael 《Journal of pest science》2022,95(1):263-277

Journal of Pest Science - Argentine stem weevil adults (ASW, Listronotus bonariensis) feed on the leaves of agricultural grasses and their larvae mine the pseudostem, causing extensive damage that...  相似文献   

Implications of landscape configuration on understory forage productivity: a remote sensing assessment of native forests openings     

Trinco  Fabio Daniel  Rusch  Verónica Elena  Howison  Ruth Alison  Garibaldi  Lucas Alejandro  Tittonell  Pablo Adrián 《Agroforestry Systems》2021,95(8):1675-1688

Agroforestry Systems - Sound management of native forests used for cattle grazing requires understanding the dynamics of forage productivity in the openings. Despite their importance, forage...  相似文献   

PROGRESS ON IMPROVING AGRICULTURAL NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY: UK-CHINA VIRTUAL JOINT CENTERS ON NITROGEN AGRONOM     

Tom MISSELBROOK  Zhaohai BAI  Zejiang CAI  Weidong CAO  Alison CARSWELL  Nicholas COWAN  Zhenling CUI  David CHADWICK  Bridget EMMETT  Keith GOULDING  Rui JIANG  Davey JONES  Xiaotang JU  Hongbin LIU  Yuelai LU  Lin MA  David POWLSON  Robert M. REES  Ute SKIBA  Pete SMITH  Roger SYLVESTER-BRADLEY  John WILLIAMS  Lianhai WU  Minggang XU  Wen XU  Fusuo ZHANG  Junling ZHANG  Jianbin ZHOU  Xuejun LIU 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2022,9(3):475

● Virtual joint centers on N agronomy were established between UK and China. ● Key themes were improving NUE for fertilizers, utilizing livestock manures, and soil health. ● Improved management practices and technologies were identified and assessed. ● Fertilizer emissions and improved manure management are key targets for mitigation. Two virtual joint centers for nitrogen agronomy were established between the UK and China to facilitate collaborative research aimed at improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in agricultural production systems and reducing losses of reactive N to the environment. Major focus areas were improving fertilizer NUE, use of livestock manures, soil health, and policy development and knowledge exchange. Improvements to fertilizer NUE included attention to application rate in the context of yield potential and economic considerations and the potential of improved practices including enhanced efficiency fertilizers, plastic film mulching and cropping design. Improved utilization of livestock manures requires knowledge of the available nutrient content, appropriate manure processing technologies and integrated nutrient management practices. Soil carbon, acidification and biodiversity were considered as important aspects of soil health. Both centers identified a range of potential actions that could be taken to improve N management, and the research conducted has highlighted the importance of developing a systems-level approach to assessing improvement in the overall efficiency of N management and avoiding unintended secondary effects from individual interventions. Within this context, the management of fertilizer emissions and livestock manure at the farm and regional scales appear to be particularly important targets for mitigation.  相似文献   

VH1-44 gene usage defines a subset of canine B-cell lymphomas associated with better patient survival     

Hsiao-Wei Chen  George W. Small  Alison Motsinger-Reif  Steven E. Suter  Kristy L. Richards 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2014,157(3-4):125-130

The use of specific immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (VH) genes has been associated with increased patient survival in human B-cell lymphomas (hBCL). Given the similarity of human and canine BCL (cBCL) in morphology and clinical treatment, we examined the choice of VH in cBCL and determined whether VH gene selection was a distinct feature associated with survival time in dogs. VH gene selection and mutational status in 52 cBCL, including 29 diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (cDLBCL, the most common subtype of cBCL), were analyzed by comparison with the 80 published canine germline VH gene sequences. We further examined the prognostic impact of the subgroups defined by these features on canine survival. We found that VH1-44 was preferentially expressed in the majority of the 52 cBCLs (60%) as well as in the majority of the cDLBCL subset (59%). VH1-44 gene expression was associated with a statistically better overall survival (p = 0.039) in cBCL patients, as well as in the cDLBCL subset of patients (p = 0.038). These findings suggest that VH gene selection in cBCL is not random and may therefore have functional implications for cBCL lymphomagenesis, in addition to being a useful prognostic biomarker.  相似文献