Negative findings from serological studies of equine morbillivirus in the Queensland horse population   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

MP WARD  PF BLACK  AJ CHILDS  FC BALDOCK  WR WEBSTER  BJ RODWELL  SL BROUWER 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,74(3):241-243

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Disease of geese caused by a new herpesvirus   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

PJ KETTERER  BJ RODWELL  HA WESTBURY†  PT HOOPER†  AR MACKENZIE‡  JG DINGLE§  HC PRIOR 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(12):446-448

A goose flock farmed outdoors in south-eastern Queensland suffered an outbreak of peracute disease with high death rate (97%). Small button ulcers and large plaques overlying lymphocyte aggregates were present on the mucosa of the small intestine of affected birds. Small white foci of necrosis and focal haemorrhages were seen in the livers. Numerous intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed microscopically in hepatocytes and a herpesvirus which grew rapidly in chicken kidney cells was isolated from tissues. Duck virus enteritis (DVE) was suspected but DVE antiserums failed to neutralise the virus. Further serological studies with a limited range of known avian herpesviruses have failed to identify the virus. Experimental transmission resulted in high mortality in geese (100%), lower mortality in ducklings and nil mortality in chickens. Surveillance studies showed no evidence of infection in domestic and wild birds beyond the original farm and the infection appears not to have been established in the area. Wild ducks, which were frequent visitors to the farm dam, were considered the most likely source of the infection.  相似文献   

Risk factors for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica infection in senegalese broiler-chicken flocks     

Cardinale E  Tall F  Guèye EF  Cisse M  Salvat G 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2004,63(3-4):151-161

Our objective was to assess the association of managerial practices, general hygiene and Salmonella infection in Senegalese broiler flocks. Seventy broilers farms were studied from January 2000 to December 2001 around Dakar. A questionnaire was submitted to the farmers and samples of fresh broiler droppings were taken. A 28.6% of the flocks were infected by Salmonella (mainly Hadar and Brancaster serovars). Salmonella infection of the previous flock (OR=6.82) and of day-old chicks (OR=3.73), frequent poultry farmers’ visits (OR=5.38) and keeping sick birds inside the farm (OR=5.32) increased the risk of Salmonella infection. But, using antibiotics on day-old chicks (OR=0.17) and a detergent for cleaning (OR=0.16) decreased the risk.  相似文献   

Towards a better understanding of Rift Valley fever epidemiology in the south-west of the Indian Ocean     

Thomas Balenghien  Eric Cardinale  Véronique Chevalier  Nohal Elissa  Anna-Bella Failloux  Thiery Nirina Jean Jose Nipomichene  Gaelle Nicolas  Vincent Michel Rakotoharinome  Matthieu Roger  Betty Zumbo 《Veterinary research》2013,44(1):78

Rift Valley fever virus (Phlebovirus, Bunyaviridae) is an arbovirus causing intermittent epizootics and sporadic epidemics primarily in East Africa. Infection causes severe and often fatal illness in young sheep, goats and cattle. Domestic animals and humans can be contaminated by close contact with infectious tissues or through mosquito infectious bites. Rift Valley fever virus was historically restricted to sub-Saharan countries. The probability of Rift Valley fever emerging in virgin areas is likely to be increasing. Its geographical range has extended over the past years. As a recent example, autochthonous cases of Rift Valley fever were recorded in 2007–2008 in Mayotte in the Indian Ocean. It has been proposed that a single infected animal that enters a naive country is sufficient to initiate a major outbreak before Rift Valley fever virus would ever be detected. Unless vaccines are available and widely used to limit its expansion, Rift Valley fever will continue to be a critical issue for human and animal health in the region of the Indian Ocean.  相似文献   

Foodborne Microorganisms of Public Health Significance     

BJ Coman 《Australian veterinary journal》1999,77(1):54-54

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Reconstructing historical trends of small pelagic fish in the Java Sea using standardized commercial trip based catch per unit of effort     

Massimiliano Cardinale  Duto Nugroho  Lars Hernroth 《Fisheries Research》2009,99(3):151-158

Pelagic fish stocks in the Java Sea have been exploited intensively since the beginning of the 1970s. However, due to the effect of increased fishing power of the fleets and the changing nature of spatial and temporal distribution of the fishing effort, assessment of stock trends based on commercial data of catch and effort requires the standardization of both effort and catch data. Here we present the first attempt to reconstruct a standardized time series of commercial catch per unit of effort (CPUE) for the main pelagic species exploited by the purse seine fleet in the Java Sea. The results showed that all the stocks analysed have largely declined since the beginning of the 1990s. For bigeye scad, Indian mackerel and sardine, current estimates are only between 3 and 19% of the maximum observed value while round scads and spotted sardine biomass estimates lie between 18 and 34%. However, our assumptions about the effect of lamp power and level of creeping and the fact that the influence of fish density on catchability and the effect of targeting were not taken into account thus observed decline is a rather conservative estimate of the real decline of the stocks. If effective management actions are not put in place as a matter of urgency in the Java Sea for small pelagic fisheries, one runs the risk of adding those species to the long list of overexploited stocks of the world oceans.  相似文献   

Testing a model to track fish migrations in polar regions using pop‐up satellite archival tags     

CEDAR M. CHITTENDEN  BJØRN ÅDLANDSVIK  OLE‐PETTER PEDERSEN  DAVID RIGHTON  AUDUN H. RIKARDSEN 《Fisheries Oceanography》2013,22(1):1-13

The use of pop‐up archival satellite tags (PSATs) to geolocate marine fishes in polar regions is challenging due to the brevity of periods during which there is a defined sunrise and sunset. Models using other environmental parameters are thus required to supplement geolocation data in the estimation of marine migratory routes. The objective of this work was to create a simple method that would estimate the migratory pathways of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in polar regions using temperature and depth recordings. Validated geolocations from PSATs were used to test and constrict the model. The model’s predicted migratory routes were within 100 km of the light‐based geolocations calculated by the tags. By constraining the trajectories through the geolocations, bias was reduced. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that slight alterations of the location and timing of the start and end points did not affect the mean migratory route estimates. This method is a management tool that can determine the primary habitat areas for any surface‐ or bottom‐dwelling marine species – especially in polar regions, where other methods may be impossible.  相似文献   

Expression and localization of BCRP,MRP1 and MRP2 in intestines,liver and kidney in horse     

E. TYDÉN  H. BJŐRNSTRŐM  H. TJÄLVE  P. LARSSON 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2010,33(4):332-340

Tydén, E., Bj?rnstr?m, H., Tjälve, H., Larsson, P. Expression and localization of BCRP, MRP1 and MRP2 in intestines, liver and kidney in horse. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. doi: 10.1111/j.1365‐2885.2009.01140.x. The gene and protein expression and the cellular localization of the ABC transport proteins breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), multidrug resistance‐associated protein 1 (MRP1) and multidrug resistance‐associated protein 2 (MRP2) have been examined in the intestines, liver and kidney in horse. High gene and protein expression of BCRP and MRP2 were found in the small intestines, with cellular localization in the apical membranes of the enterocytes. In the liver, MRP2 was present in the bile canalicular membranes of the hepatocytes, whereas BCRP was localized in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in the peripheral parts of the liver lobuli. In the kidney both BCRP and MRP2 were predominantly present in the distal tubuli and in the loops of Henle. In most tissues, the gene and protein expression of MRP1 were much lower than for BCRP and MRP2. Immunostaining of MRP1 was detectable only in the intestines and with localization in the cytoplasm of enterocytes in the caecum and colon and in the cells of serous acini of Brunner’s glands in the duodenum and the upper jejunum. The latter cells were also stained for BCRP, but not for MRP2. Many drugs used in horse are substrates for one or more of the ABC transport proteins. These transporters may therefore have important functions for oral bioavailability, distribution and excretion of substrate compounds in horse.  相似文献   

Stenotrophomonas rhizophila DSM14405T promotes plant growth probably by altering fungal communities in the rhizosphere     

Christoph Stephan Schmidt  Mohamadali Alavi  Massimiliano Cardinale  Henry Müller  Gabriele Berg 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2012,48(8):947-960

Stenotrophomonas rhizophila DSM14405^T is of high biotechnological interest as plant growth stimulator, especially for salinated conditions. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of plant species (cotton, tomato, and sweet pepper) on colonisation and plant growth promotion of this beneficial bacterium in gnotobiotic systems and in non-sterile soil. All plant structures (leaves, stems, and roots) were densely colonised by DSM14405^T reaching up to 10⁹ cells g^?1 fresh weight; under gnotobiotic conditions the abundances were 4–5 orders of magnitude higher than in non-sterile soil. Under non-sterile conditions and ambient humidity, tomato shoots were more densely colonised than shoots of sweet pepper and cotton. S. rhizophila DSM14405^T was shown to grow endophytically and colonise the vicinity of root hairs of tomato. Plant growth promotion was particularly apparent in tomato. In general, the impact of plant species on colonisation and plant growth promotion was more pronounced in soil than under gnotobiotic conditions and likely due to the control of diseases and deleterious microorganisms. S. rhizophila DSM14405^T was shown to control diseases in sweet pepper and in cotton. Molecular profiling via single strand conformation polymorphism of internal transcribed spacers and 16S rRNA genes (PCR-single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP)) revealed that S. rhizophila DSM14405^T strongly affected fungal, but not bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of tomato and sweet pepper. Major SSCP bands related to uncultured fungi and Candida subhashii, disappeared in tomato rhizosphere after Stenotrophomonas treatment. This suggests an indirect, species-specific plant growth promotion effect of S. rhizophila via the elimination of deleterious rhizosphere organisms.  相似文献   

The effects of different anesthetics on blood steroid concentrations in domestic tom-cats     

IP JOHNSTONE  BJ BANCROFT 《Australian veterinary journal》1988,65(12):382-385

Testosterone and androstenedione were measured in the plasma of mature tom-cats before, during and after anesthesia with thiopentone, ketamine, xylazine and alphaxolone/alphadolone. Samples were collected via an indwelling jugular catheter at 30 min intervals before anesthesia (5 samples) and during the recovery phase (8 samples), and at intervals of 15 min during anesthesia (7 samples). Thiopentone and ketamine anesthesia significantly depressed testosterone and androstenedione concentrations during and after anesthesia. Xylazine significantly increased testosterone concentrations during anesthesia but they returned to pre-anesthetic concentrations during recovery. Androstenedione concentrations were significantly depressed during the recovery phase from xylazine anesthesia. Alphaxolone/alphadolone anesthesia had no significant effect of testosterone concentrations but significantly increased and androstenedione concentrations during anesthesia and recovery. Testosterone and androstenedione concentrations in cats were significantly altered by these 4 commonly used anesthetics and this must be taken into account if hormone concentrations are measured while cats are anesthetised.  相似文献