Genetics of resistance to bean golden mosaic virus in Phaseolus vulgaris L.     

Francisco J. Morales  Shree P. Singh 《Euphytica》1991,52(2):113-117

Summary The genetics of resistance to bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) was studied in an 8×8 complete diallel cross of common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. The 28F₁ hybrids, their reciprocals, and eight parents were artificially inoculated with BGMV under glasshouse conditions. Data were recorded and analyzed for foliar yellowing, plant dwarfing, flower abortion, and pod formation, using a randomized complete block design with two replications.General combining ability (GCA) mean squares were highly significant (P<0.01) and larger than values for specific combining ability for all traits. Reciprocal and maternal effects were nonsignificant. Cultivars Royal Red and Alubia Cerrillos possessed significant negative and positive GCA for all traits, respectively. Porrillo Sintetico also had negative GCA for all traits except plant dwarfing. None of the GCA effects were significant for Great Northern 31 and PVA 1111. Positive associations existed among all traits studied.  相似文献   

Nutrient Loading by Precipitation in the Maracaibo Lake Basin, Venezuela     

Jose A Morales  Ligbel Sanchez  Harvi Velasquez  Beatriz De Borrego  Marlene De Nava  Denis Portillo  Yulixis Cano  Angel Morillo  Ana Albornoz  Elsa Socorro 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):511-516

Nutrient content and pH of rain samples collected at nine sites during 1988-1996 were studied to determine the amounts of N, P and S added by precipitation over Maracaibo Lake basin. The basin is a wide depression occupied by Lake Maracaibo and extensive alluvial plains and delimited by a mountainous zone of variable physiolgraphic characteristics with different cattle ranching and industrial activities. Rain pHs averaged ≈ 4 to 6, individual samples occasionally reached as low as pH 3 in the south basin. NH₄ ⁺ levels were significantly higher (up to 2.6 mg/l NH₄-N) than NO₃ ^? plus NO₂ ^?. Phosphorus levels were low, ranging from undetectable to 1.5 mg/l. The amounts of inorganic N/ha/yr added ranged from ≈ 5.4 Kg in the north to ≈ 8 Kg in the south basin; around the lakeshore, it was estimated that ≈ 9.8–16.8 Kg TN/ha (≈ 55 % as organic-N) are annually deposited. The annual amounts of SO₄-S/ha added range from ≈ 10 to 13 Kg. The contribution of precipitation to P in the ecosystem is very small; ≈ 0.02 – 0.8 Kg of PO₄-P/ha/yr was added in basin. The results of this study show that precipitation represents a significant factor for the total nitrogen and sulfur loading to Maracaibo Lake Basin.  相似文献   

Antiradical efficiency of Maillard reaction mixtures in a hydrophilic media     

Morales FJ  Babbel MB 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(10):2788-2792

The Maillard reaction (MR) has a clear impact in food science, nutrition, and medical research. Free radical scavenging capacities of several MR mixtures made from single combinations of glucose or lactose and amino acids (gly, his, lys, trp, met, and cys) were evaluated by using the N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine radical cation assay. Medium-roasted coffee brew was used as reference of a thermally processed food. A novel approach has been applied in order to get more information about the kinetic behavior of the radical scavenging properties of MR mixtures in a watery environment. Antiradical efficiency (AE) concept has been applied, and it takes into consideration the reaction time, apart from the amount of antioxidant necessary to decrease by 50% the radical initial concentration (EC(50)). Cysteine and histidine reveal as powerful amino acids to exert a high AE in the MR mixtures. No relationship between AE parameter and browning was observed.  相似文献   

Detection of rancid defect in virgin olive oil by the electronic nose   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Aparicio R  Rocha SM  Delgadillo I  Morales MT 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(3):853-860

A sensor array of 32 conducting polymer sensors has been used to detect the rancid defect in virgin olive oils. A training set, composed of admixtures of a Portuguese virgin olive oil with different percentages (0-100%) of a rancid standard oil, was used for the selection of the best sensors classifying correctly the samples. Information on volatile compounds responsible for rancidity and the sensory evaluation of samples by assessors were used for explaining the mathematical selection of sensors. A tentative calibration, using unsupervised procedures (PCA and MDS) and a nonlinear regression, was carried out, with the training set, and later confirmed with a test set with which rancid commercial samples of different varieties were used to spike a Greek extra virgin olive oil at low levels of rancidity (0.5-6%).  相似文献   

Editing of CD1d-bound lipid antigens by endosomal lipid transfer proteins   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Zhou D  Cantu C  Sagiv Y  Schrantz N  Kulkarni AB  Qi X  Mahuran DJ  Morales CR  Grabowski GA  Benlagha K  Savage P  Bendelac A  Teyton L 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5657):523-527

It is now established that CD1 molecules present lipid antigens to T cells, although it is not clear how the exchange of lipids between membrane compartments and the CD1 binding groove is assisted. We report that mice deficient in prosaposin, the precursor to a family of endosomal lipid transfer proteins (LTP), exhibit specific defects in CD1d-mediated antigen presentation and lack Valpha14 NKT cells. In vitro, saposins extracted monomeric lipids from membranes and from CD1, thereby promoting the loading as well as the editing of lipids on CD1. Transient complexes between CD1, lipid, and LTP suggested a "tug-of-war" model in which lipid exchange between CD1 and LTP is on the basis of their respective affinities for lipids. LTPs constitute a previously unknown link between lipid metabolism and immunity and are likely to exert a profound influence on the repertoire of self, tumor, and microbial lipid antigens.  相似文献   

Seasonal changes of maximum daily shrinkage reference equations for irrigation scheduling in olive trees: Influence of fruit load     

A. MorianaF. Moreno  I.F. GirónW. Conejero  M.F. OrtuñoD. Morales  M. CorellA. Torrecillas 《Agricultural Water Management》2011,99(1):121-127

Maximum daily shrinkage (MDS) is the parameter of daily cycle of trunk diameter most widely suggested in irrigation scheduling for several fruit trees. However, as in other plant-measured approaches, the irrigation decision may be difficult due to the influence of the environment on the values obtained. Reference equations of MDS have been established in order to avoid the effects of environmental conditions. Such equations are usually related to simple meteorological data, in order to easily estimate MDS values in full-irrigated conditions. This paper studies the influence of fruit load and the inter-annual variations on the reference equation of MDS in olive trees. These reference equations were calculated during 4 seasons in a full-irrigated orchard and the equations were validated with the data from a different season. The MDS values were related to vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and temperature taken near the experimental orchard. In addition, meteorological data were considered as mean daily or as midday values; only for temperature was the maximum daily value also used. The validation of the equations was made using the fits with all the meteorological data considered (midday and mean daily of VPD and temperature). In addition, two different fits were used in each meteorological data—one according to fruit load and other with the complete pool of data. The equations fit were significantly different each season in all the meteorological data considered. However, seasons with similar fruit load were more similar to each other. In both meteorological data considered (VPD and temperature) the midday values improved the fit in respect to mean daily values. The equations obtained with maximum daily temperature were similar in accuracy to the one of midday. The reference equations in which temperature was used obtained a better fit that the ones calculated with VPD. No significant differences were found in the validation when equations according to fruit load or the complete pool data were compared. The limitations and usefulness of these reference equations are also discussed.  相似文献   

RELATION OF SEVERAL PEDOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS TO ENGINEERING QUALITIES OF SOIL   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

D. DE LA  ROSA 《European Journal of Soil Science》1979,30(4):793-799

An attempt to predict engineering qualities which are needed in soil evaluation and to enhance nonagricultural use of soil survey data was made. Data from a variety of soils were subjected to simple correlation and multiple regression analyses to relate three pedologic characteristics: clay content, cation-exchange capacity (CEC), and organic matter content to two engineering qualitites: plasticity index, and optimum moisture. Simple correlation coefficients showed that clay content and CEC correlated significantly with the engineering determinations. The relationship between organic matter content and these engineering determinations was weaker. Multiple regression analyses showed that the three pedologic characteristics accounted for most of the variation in each of the engineering qualities, and that prediction was feasible.  相似文献   

Ratio of maltose to maltulose and furosine as quality parameters for infant formula     

Morales V  Olano A  Corzo N 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(22):6732-6736

Nonenzymic browning reactions in commercial infant formulas were evaluated through their furosine content as well as the isomeric disaccharides formed during processing. Lactulose was observed only in samples containing appreciable amounts of lactose, whereas maltulose was present in all samples due to the isomerization of maltose. Because formation of maltulose depends on the initial amount of maltose present, the ratio maltose/maltulose was used for comparative purposes. The ratio maltose/maltulose varied within a wide range, 27-167; therefore, low values in maltose/maltulose ratio may indicate severe processing conditions during manufacture, whereas high values may indicate mild processing conditions. Variable amounts of furosine content in samples with similar maltose/maltulose ratios may be attributed to different conditions used during storage. Levels of furosine higher than those reported for milk powder were detected in most studied samples. Determination of both furosine and maltose/maltulose ratio would yield information retrospectively about the heat treatment applied during processing and the storage conditions of commercial infant formula.  相似文献   

An Estimation of the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loading by Wet Deposition over Lake Maracaibo,Venezuela     

Morales  J. A.  Albornoz  A.  Socorro  E.  Morillo  A. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,128(3-4):207-221

In order to make an estimation of thewet deposition levels of the major nitrogen compoundsin Lake Maracaibo system, the precipitation wascollected by events at five sites located on shorearound the Lake from 1991 to 1994. Also the phosphorusconcentrations were determined in rain samples. RainpHs averaged about 5 to 6. NH₄ ⁺ levels weresignificantly higher (up to 1.44 mg L^-1NH₄-N) than NO₃ ^-plus NO₂ ^-ions which resulted in the highest pHs values in thestrait Maracaibo. The strait is the nearest zone toAmmonia Plant located upwind at the TablazoPetrochemical Complex. At the strait, theinorganic-nitrogen ((NH₄ + NO₃ +NO₂)-N) concentrations were greater than organicnitrogen levels, but at the other sites were lower.Phosphorus levels were low, ranging from undetectableto 1.5 mg L^-1; organic-P was estimated to accountfor about 40% of total-P. Total mean nitrogen wetdepositions were 6.93 kg ha^-1 yr^-1 (≈59% asNH₄-N) at the strait and 9.85–16.84 kg ha^-1yr^-1 (≈55% as organic-N) around the lakeshore.Inorganic and organic nitrogen account for about equalportions of the total nitrogen loading. These amountsrepresents ≈24% of the annual total-N inputsby the tributary rivers to the lake and aresubstantially higher than those reported in the shoreof Lake Valencia (north-central part of Venezuela) andother tropical areas. The contribution ofprecipitation to P in lake is very small; ≈0.6 kg ha^-1 of total-P are added annually. The N and Pinputs were greater than the sewage contributions. Themean molar ratio N/P is ≈22 at the straitsite whilst at lake sites the N/P ratio isconsistently >22 (about 35～1 to 100～1). The results of this preliminary study show that the atmosphere represents a significant factor for the total nitrogen loading to Lake Maracaibo system.  相似文献   

Contagious ovine ecthyma with primary lesions of the rumen and concurrent phycomycosis: a case report     

G A Morales  H J Van Kruiningen 《American journal of veterinary research》1971,32(1):163-166

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