Analysis of the use of credit facilities by small-scale fish farmers in Kenya   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kwamena K. Quagrainie  Charles C. Ngugi  Stephen Amisah 《Aquaculture International》2010,18(3):393-402

The government of Kenya encourages aquaculture development by offering credit facilities through the government agricultural finance institution, Agriculture Finance Corporation. Nevertheless, the level of credit use in fish farming is very low. Access to credit is among several factors that affect farmers’ decision of whether to use particular technology or services. The study examined factors that affected the decision of fish farmers in Kenya to utilize credit facilities in fish production using a probit model. The analysis suggests that farmers in the Western province will have a 19% more probability of using credit facilities for their fish farming operations than farmers from the other provinces such as the Rift Valley, Central, and the Eastern province. The effect of tilapia sales on the probability of credit use by fish farmers is more than three times that of catfish sales. Total pond acreage owned by fish farmers had a positive effect on credit use but the effect was very small and negligible. The level of fish farmers’ use of credit facilities is very low, and there is probably the need to educate farmers on credit use and for the government agricultural lending agency and other commercial agricultural lenders to invest in this enterprise. Kenyan lending institutions have financed traditional agricultural enterprises, and with the growing production of farmed fish, more research is needed to document the aquaculture business model to assist in assessing the profitability potential in aquaculture.  相似文献   

Micro-nutrient composition and end-user acceptable quality in potato in Ethiopia     

Asrat Asfaw  Gebremedhen Woldegiorgis  Semagn A. Kolech  Gedif Mulugeta  Dinka Mulugeta  Abigail Ngugi 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2018,68(7):596-607

Micronutrient deficiencies in diets, including iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), are an important public health problem across population in Ethiopia. Potato is a modest source of dietary nutrients. The purpose of this study was to assess the mineral (Fe & Zn) composition of potato germplasm in Ethiopia and grower's willingness to try new potato types. The Fe and Zn contents were assessed in peeled tubers of popular farmer varieties, and newly introduced Andean diploid group Phureja accessions and improved tetraploid clones grown in multi-location trials. Grower's preferences for the new potato types was assessed using a participatory approach. Significant variations in mineral and tuber yield traits exist among the germplasm assessed and broad-sense heritability appears to be high for most traits measured, suggesting that progress through breeding can be made among these materials. However, the slightly negative correlation of tuber yield with Fe and Zn content and user appreciation traits found in this study suggests that progress in improving crops for yield and enhanced Fe and Zn concentrations with end-user acceptable quality will be challenging. The results from this study provide baseline information on Fe and Zn composition of many popular farmer varieties in Ethiopia and end-user preference criteria for evaluating new potato varieties that would help to orient the biofortification breeding to the conditions and preference of farmers.  相似文献   

短期玉米秸秆还田对冷凉地区土壤真菌多样性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

萨如拉  杨恒山  高聚林  张丽娟  张玉芹  范秀艳  李纯燕 《干旱地区农业研究》2018,36(3):120-124

在玉米吐丝期,利用传统涂布平板法和高通量测序技术,设置常规秸秆不还田(CK)、秸秆深翻还田(SF)和秸秆旋耕还田(XG)3个处理,研究0~10 cm、10~20 cm和20~30 cm土层真菌群落丰富度、多样性和群落结构变化,揭示冷凉地区玉米秸秆还田真菌群落结构及其差异。结果表明:冷凉地区玉米秸秆还田对土壤真菌多样性的影响较大,秸秆还田土壤中可培养真菌数为SFXGCK;秸秆还田后土壤真菌优势菌群发生变化,CK优势菌为马拉色氏霉菌属、被孢霉属和葡萄孢属,XG优势菌为被孢霉属;XG和SF表层土壤中耐冷酵母菌属和被孢霉属是优势菌;SF处理20~30 cm土层优势菌为葡萄孢属。真菌菌群Alpha多样性、群落组成丰度、RDA(Redundancy analysis)和菌群相似性综合分析可知,SF和XG 0~20 cm土层菌群差异小;SF和XG均能增加10~30 cm土层真菌群落丰度。  相似文献   

沙质草地、高平原草地牧草总糖与还原糖含量变化     

殷周梅  卫智军  微微  萨格萨 《中国草地学报》2009,31(2)

研究了沙质草地与高平原草地六种牧草的总糖含量与还原糖含量变化情况.结果表明:沙质草地与高平原草地供试牧草的总糖含量变化(除糙隐子草外)和还原糖含量变化不同;除羊草和寸草苔外,其余几种牧草的还原糖含量都是高平原草地高于沙质草地.  相似文献   

Are the Australian poultry industries vulnerable to large outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza?   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

SA Hamilton  IJ East  J-A Toribio  MG Garner 《Australian veterinary journal》2009,87(5):165-174

Objective   To describe the structure of the Australian poultry industry and discuss the potential for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) to spread between Australian poultry farms.
Procedure   High densities of poultry farms, frequent contacts between farms by service providers, the supply of live poultry markets (LPM) and the presence of free-range duck flocks in affected regions have been identified as risk factors for the spread of HPAI between flocks in outbreaks causing the death or destruction of over 1 million poultry overseas. Data on 1,594 commercial Australian chicken meat, chicken egg, duck and turkey farms were collected by a telephone questionnaire of farm managers to assess the risk of a HPAI outbreak in Australia.
Results and Discussion   Five regions of Australia had farm densities comparable to overseas regions that experienced widespread HPAI. Common service providers routinely contacted different classes and types of farms over wide geographic areas. However, no responding farms supplied LPM and the majority of duck farms did not produce free-range ducks.
Conclusion   Outbreaks of HPAI have the potential to cause serious impacts on the Australian poultry industry. The risk posted by LPM and free-range ducks is limited, but the movement of genetic stock and common service providers could spread infection between companies, industries or geographical regions. Biosecurity measures are therefore considered critical to limit the secondary spread of infection should an outbreak occur.  相似文献   

Socio-Economic and Scientific Impact Created by Whitefly-Transmitted,Plant-Virus Disease Resistant Tomato Varieties in Southern India          下载免费PDF全文

John Colvin  N Nagaraju  Carlos Moreno-Leguizamon  R M Govindappa  T B Manjunatha Reddy  SA Padmaja  Neena Joshi  Peter M Hanson  Susan E Seal  V Muniyappa 《农业科学学报》2012,11(2):337-345

Research carried out to assess the impact of open-pollinated Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV)-resistant tomatoes and hybrids on the livelihoods of resource-poor farmers in Southern India is described and discussed. Three high-yielding ToLCV-resistant tomato varieties were developed initially using conventional breeding and screening techniques involving inoculation by ToLCV-viruliferous whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. In 2003 and 2004, respectively, these varieties were released officially by the Karnataka State Seed Committee and the Indian Ministry of Agriculture through notification in the Gazette of India. From 2003 to 2005, eleven seed companies bought breeder seed of the ToLCV-resistant varieties and used them to begin breeding F₁ hybrids from them. Socio-economic studies carried out to assess the benefits obtained from growing the ToLCV-resistant varieties found that farmers could gain up to 10 times the profit by growing the ToLCV-resistant varieties compared to the pre-existing ToLCV-susceptible varieties. Adoption of ToLCV-resistant tomatoes was also associated with reduced pesticide use. Extra income from tomato sales was prioritised by farmers to pay for children's education, better nutrition and medicines. In a joint effort with the commercial seed sector in India, a promotional field day was organised in 2007. As well as the three ToLCV-resistant varieties, 62 ToLCV-resistant hybrid tomatoes were exhibited during a farmer-field day by 17 commercial seed companies and several public institutes. Tomatoes with ToLCV-resistance are now grown widely in South India and seeds of the three open-pollinated varieties have been distributed to more than 12 countries. In 2007, a conservative estimate of the financial-benefit to cost of the research ratio was already more than 837:1.  相似文献   

Pelvic limb kinematics in the dog with and without a stifle orthosis          下载免费PDF全文

Bryan T. Torres DVM  PhD  DACVS‐SA  Yang‐Chieh Fu PhD  Gabriella S. Sandberg BS  Steven C. Budsberg DVM  MS  DACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2017,46(5):642-652

  相似文献   

Outcome of laparoscopic adrenalectomy for resection of unilateral noninvasive adrenocortical tumors in 11 cats          下载免费PDF全文

Jeffrey W. Mitchell DVM  Philipp D. Mayhew BVM&S  DACVS  William T. N. Culp VMD  DACVS  J. Brad Case DVM  MS  DACVS  Ameet Singh DVM  DACVS  Mark C. Fuller DVM  DACVS‐SA  Ann Della Maggiore DVM  DACVIM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2017,46(5):714-721

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Aspiration of barium-impregnated polyethylene spheres by a dog     

V Greci  SA Bissett  CN Copple  EC Hawkins 《Australian veterinary journal》2010,88(5):166-168

This case report describes an 11-year-old Belgian Malinois dog with acute onset of cough caused by aspiration of barium-impregnated polyethylene spheres (BIPS) and pneumonia following an episode of suspected gastric dilation. Although bronchoscopic retrieval of the BIPS was largely unsuccessful, the dog recovered uneventfully, with most of the BIPS being coughed out and swallowed over a 1-month period. Aspiration of BIPS should be considered a potential complication of their administration. Furthermore, endoscopic removal of aspirated BIPS is challenging and may not be indicated because of their inert nature and possible self-clearance.  相似文献   

大针茅对放牧生态系统植物群落地上生物量的调控作用     

胡静  侯向阳  萨茹拉  李西良  王珍  丁勇 《草地学报》2016,24(1):1-11

通过放牧梯度试验,研究放牧对内蒙古典型草原5种优势植物在个体、种群和群落水平上的影响,探讨大针茅(Stip grandis)对放牧生态系统植物群落地上生物量的调控作用。结果表明:个体水平,中轻度放牧对以大针茅和糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa)为代表的丛生禾草株高影响较小,对以羊草(Leymus chinensis)、黄囊苔草(Carex korshinskyi)和米氏冰草(Agropyron michnoi)为代表的根茎型禾草株高影响较大,植物株高的降低与个体地上生物量减少呈显著正相关。种群水平,大针茅种群生物量对放牧的响应迟缓,羊草、米氏冰草、糙隐子草和黄囊苔草种群生物量的减少与多度减少呈显著正相关。群落水平,大针茅的耐牧性使其成为资源重配的获益者,轻中度放牧干扰下,其地上生物量的补偿生长缓冲了放牧对群落的影响,对维持群落生产力与功能稳定性起重要的调控作用。  相似文献