Frequency and fertility restoration efficiency of Rf3 and Rf4 genes in Indian rice          下载免费PDF全文

Jawahar Lal Katara  Ram Lakhan Verma  Debkanta Nayak  Umakanta Ngangkham  Soham Ray  Hatanath Subudhi  Lambodar Behera  Sanghamitra Samantaray  Ravi Nageswara Rao  Onkar Nath Singh  Trilochan Mohapatra 《Plant Breeding》2017,136(1):74-82

Identification of new parental lines is crucial for developing ecology‐specific hybrids with ideal agronomic performance. We screened a total of 570 different ecology‐specific Indian rice varieties for the presence of fertility restorer genes, Rf3 and Rf4 using tightly linked markers DRRM Rf3‐10 and RM6100, respectively. Among these varieties, 13% carried Rf3Rf3/Rf4Rf4, 31% carried rf3rf3/rf4rf4, 6% carried Rf3Rf3/rf4rf4 and remaining 50% carried Rf4Rf4/rf3rf3 allelic combinations. A mini set of 40 varieties with variable allelic combinations of fertility restorer genes were testcrossed with WA and Kalinga‐based CMS lines. All the 80 F₁s were evaluated for spikelet fertility and fertility restoration ability. Rf3Rf3/rf4rf4 genotypes mostly behaved as partial maintainers or partial restorers. In contrast, rf3rf3/Rf4Rf4 genotypes were partial or effective restorers. However, double dominant genotypes showed better fertility restoration than the genotypes containing Rf3 or Rf4 individually. Some of the genotypes showed unexpected restoration pattern implying occurrence of other fertility restorer(s) apart from Rf3 and Rf4. The perfect restorers and maintainers identified in this study can be directly used in hybrid rice breeding.  相似文献   

Uneven ripening in ‘Bangalore blue’ grape (Vitis vinifera × Vitis labrusca) berries in India is linked to seed viability     

Seshadri Shivashankar  Manoharan Sumathi  Vala Keshava Rao 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2017,92(2):113-119

Uneven ripening (UR) is a physiological disorder of unknown origin in ‘Bangalore blue’ grape (Vitis vinifera × Vitis labrusca) leading to wine of inferior quality. A preliminary study found wide variations in total dehydrogenase activity (TDH) of seeds from unevenly ripe berries. In our experiments, gibberellin (GA₃) applied to young grapes increased seed TDH activity and reduced the incidence of uneven ripening to 2% compared with 35% in the control. In contrast, paclobutrazol (PBZ) decreased TDH activity and increased the incidence of the disorder to 58%. GA₃-treated berries had higher concentrations of sucrose and TDH activity in seed representing mature seeds with high viability. In contrast, PBZ-treated and control berries had higher concentrations of glucose and lower TDH activity, indicating immature seeds with low viability. These results suggested that competition among developing berries can lead to differences in seed gibberellin content, seed viability and the rate of berry growth resulting in green, purple, and black berries at harvest. The study established the role of seed viability in uneven ripening and demonstrated that the incidence of the disorder is reduced by the application of GA₃ to immature berries.  相似文献   

基于ADAMS的油茶果采摘机械臂试验设计及优化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张立勇  饶洪辉  罗时挺  余佳佳  刘木华 《农机化研究》2017,(11):158-163

针对目前我国油茶采摘主要以人工为主,劳动强度大、采摘效率低等问题,设计了一种适合园艺化栽培的履带式油茶果采摘机,并在Adams软件中对机械臂进行试验设计和优化仿真。试验数据表明:油茶果采摘机工作区间与各机械臂的长度和液压缸安装距离呈线性相关,最佳组合处的机械臂长度总和减小25.67%,可为油茶果采摘机的机械臂设计提供参考。  相似文献   

基于高光谱图像技术预测苹果大小   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

程国首  郭俊先  肉孜·阿木提  饶秀勤  亢银霞  石砦 《农机化研究》2012,34(6):108-112

以新疆红富士苹果为研究对象,探讨应用高光谱图像技术和最小外接矩形法预测其大小的研究方法。提取苹果高光谱图像中可见红色区域受色度影响较小的713nm以及近红外区域793和852nm的3个波长图像,做双波段比运算处理。比较所得双波段比图像可知,852/713双波段比图像中背景和前景灰度对比度最大。对该图像做阈值分割以及形态闭运算去除果梗区域,使用8邻接边界跟踪法得到二值图像的轮廓坐标序列,采用最小外接矩形法求苹果的大小,与实测值建立回归方程。结果表明,基于高光谱图像技术采用波段比算法,结合最小外接矩形法,能够有效地检测苹果大小,预测值与实际值最大绝对误差为3.06mm,均方根误差为1.21mm。  相似文献   

切-双纵流脱分装置试验研究与分析     

饶师任  陈树人  沈柳柳  刘超  肖君 《农机化研究》2017,(4):202-206

阐述了切-双纵轴流脱粒分离装置的结构组成及工作原理,基于切-双纵流联合收获机,以喂入量、切流滚筒间隙及滚筒转速为影响因子,脱粒破碎率及脱粒损失率为指标,进行田间性能试验,并利用极差分析分别对破碎率、脱粒损失率单影响因子进行分析。结果表明:对脱粒破碎率影响的主次因素为BCA,即切流滚筒转速纵轴流滚筒转速喂入量,最佳组合为切流滚筒间隙25/30mm、滚筒转速907/1 043r/min、喂入量10.2 kg/s;对脱粒损失率影响的主次因素为BAC,即切流滚筒间隙喂入量滚筒转速,最佳组合为切流滚筒间隙25/30mm、喂入量10.2kg/s、滚筒转速953/1 096r/min。  相似文献   

苹果图像的背景分割与目标提取   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王福杰  饶秀勤  应义斌 《农业机械学报》2013,44(1):196-199,210

水果的缺陷、大小和颜色差异以及光照等因素影响图像背景分割与目标提取精度.以苹果为研究对象,针对4种不同光照强度条件下采集的280幅不同姿态的苹果图像,将彩色图像的R、G、B分量进行算术运算,然后采用形态学开运算进行消噪处理,采用线性空间滤波消除锯齿状边界,采用自动阈值分割方法进行背景分割与目标提取.结果显示,203幅图像的分割偏差小于1％,占总量的72.5％;70幅图像的分割偏差大于1％而小于2％,占总量的25％;偏差大于2％的有7幅,占总量的2.5％.最大分割偏差为2.83％.  相似文献   

Interaction of curcumin with phosphatidylcholine: A spectrofluorometric study     

Began G  Sudharshan E  Udaya Sankar K  Appu Rao AG 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(12):4992-4997

Curcumin [1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3, 5-dione], the main constituent of the rhizomes of the plant Curcume longa L. (turmeric), is a powerful antioxidant in both enzymatic and nonenzymatic systems. The interactions of curcumin with egg and soy phosphatidylcholine were followed by fluorescence spectroscopy. Curcumin had very weak fluorescence in aqueous system, which was enhanced in apolar environments. Curcumin emitted at 490 nm after being excited at 451 nm in phosphatidylcholine micelles. The equilibrium constants for the interaction of curcumin with egg and soy phosphatidylcholine were (3.26 +/- 0.2) x 10(5) and (2.64 +/- 0.2) x 10(5) M(-1), respectively. From the Scatchard plot of the fluorometric data, it was inferred that one molecule of curcumin could bind six molecules of phosphatidylcholine. The equilibrium constant for the phosphatidylcholine-curcumin interaction decreased with temperature, indicating the amphiphilic nature of curcumin. The DeltaG, DeltaH, and DeltaS values obtained for the interaction of egg phosphatidylcholine-curcumin were -7.8 +/- 0.3 kcal/mol, -9.6 +/- 0.4 kcal/mol, and -6.8 +/- 0.2 cal/mol/K, respectively. The fluorescence anisotropy measurements of curcumin with phosphatidylcholine suggested that the anisotropy of the curcumin molecule did not change in phosphatidylcholine. The interaction of divalent metal ions with phosphatidylcholine-curcumin in comparison with phosphatidylcholine-1-anilino-8-naphathalenesulfonic acid complex suggested the strong binding of curcumin to metal ions.  相似文献   

Response of the pigeonpea-Rhizobium symbiosis to salinity stress: variation among Rhizobium strains in symbiotic ability     

G. V. Subbarao  C. Johansen  J. V. D. K. Kumar Rao  M. K. Jana 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1990,9(1):49-53

Summary There were significant differences among pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp] Rhizobium sp. strains (IC 3506, IC 3484, IC 3195, and IC 3087) in their ability to nodulate and fix N₂ under saline conditions. Pigeonpea plants inoculated with IC 3087 and IC 3506 were less affected in growth by salinity levels of 6 and 8 dS m^-1 than plants inoculated with the other strains. For IC 3506, IC 3484, and IC 3195, there was a decrease in the number of nodules with increasing salinity, while the average nodule dry weight and the specific nitrogenase activity remained unaffected. However, in IC 3087, the number of nodules increased slightly with increasing salinity. Leaf-P concentrations increased with salinity in the inoculated plants irrespective of the Rhizobium sp. strain, and leaf-N concentrations decreased with increasing salinity in IC 3484 and IC 3195 only. Shoot-Na and-Cl levels were further increased in these salt-sensitive strains only at 8 dS m^-1. Therefore there may be scope for selecting pigeonpea Rhizobium sp. symbioses better adapted to saline conditions. The Rhizobium sp. strains best able to form effective symbioses at high salinity levels are not necessarily derived from saline soils.Submitted as JA No. 919 by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)  相似文献   

Soil management for Alfisols in the semiarid tropics: erosion, enrichment ratios and runoff   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

A.L. Cogle  K.P.C. Rao  D.F. Yule  G.D Smith  P.J. George  S.T. Srinivasan  L. Jangawad 《Soil Use and Management》2002,18(1):10-17

Abstract. Continuous cultivation of soils of the semiarid tropics has led to significant land degradation. Soil erosion and nutrient loss caused by high runoff volumes have reduced crop yields and contributed to offsite damage. We compared a number of soil management practices (tillage, mulch and perennial/annual rotational based systems) for their potential to improve crop production and land resource protection in an Alfisol of the semiarid tropics of India. Runoff and soil erosion were monitored and surface soil and sediment were analysed for nitrogen and carbon to determine enrichment ratios. Amelioration of soils with organic additions (farmyard manure, rice straw) or rotating perennial pasture with annual crops increased soil carbon and nitrogen contents and reduced runoff, soil erosion and nutrient loss. Soil erosion totalled less than 7 t ha^–1, but enrichment ratios were often greater than 2 resulting in up to 27 kg N ha^–1 and 178 kg C ha^–1 being lost in sediment. Up to an extra 250 mm of water per year infiltrated the soil with organic additions and was available for crop water use or percolation to groundwater. The results show that there are good opportunities for reducing degradation and increasing productivity on farms.  相似文献   

干旱地区喷洒水利用系数的田间试验研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

李久生  饶敏杰  张建君 《农业工程学报》2002,18(6):42-45

为了科学地评价喷灌在干旱地区的适宜性,在内蒙古包头春小麦生育期内对喷洒水利用系数进行了监测,结果指出,通过选择适宜的灌溉时间,喷洒水利用系数可以达到0.85以上。对影响喷洒水利用系数的环境因素进行分析后得出,风速的影响最大,相对湿度次之,气温的影响很小;在此基础上建立了喷洒水利用系数与上述3因子之间的回归模型。为了估算整个灌溉季节的喷洒水利用系数,对所研究地区1991～2001年灌溉季节(4～9月份)内的日平均风速进行了统计分析,发现不大于3m/s的日数占灌溉季节总日数的90%以上,因此,选择日平均风速不大于3m/s的时间灌溉可以满足作物的需水要求,这种情况下,整个灌溉季节的喷洒水利用系数可以达到0.83。由此可见,在条件与包头类似的干旱地区,从提高水的利用率的角度出发,发展喷灌也是适宜的  相似文献