土壤持水特性参数与土壤质地尺度关系的联合多重分形分析     

WANG Zheng-Ying  SHU Qiao-Sheng  XIE Li-Y  LIU Zuo-Xin  B. C. SI 《土壤圈》2011,21(3):373-379

Soil water-retention characteristics at measurement scales are generally different from those at application scales, and there is scale disparity between them and soil physical properties. The relationships between two water-retention parameters, the scaling parameter related to the inverse of the air-entry pressure (αvG, cm-1) and the curve shape factor related to soil pore-size distribution (n) of the van Genuchten water-retention equation, and soil texture (sand, silt, and clay contents) were examined at multiple scales. One hundred twenty-eight undisturbed soil samples were collected from a 640-m transect located in Fuxin, China. Soil water-retention curves were measured and the van Genuchten parameters were obtained by curve fitting. The relationships between the two parameters and soil texture at the observed scale and at multiple scales were evaluated using Pearson correlation and joint multifractal analyses, respectively. The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the parameter αvG was significantly correlated with sand, silt, and clay contents at the observed scale. Joint multifractal analyses, however, indicated that the parameter αvG was not correlated with silt and sand contents at multiple scales. The parameter n was positively correlated with clay content at multiple scales. Sand content was significantly correlated with the parameter n at the observed scale but not at multiple scales. Clay contents were strongly correlated to both water-retention parameters because clay content was relatively low in the soil studied, indicating that water retention was dominated by clay content in the field of this study at all scales. These suggested that multiple-scale analyses were necessary to fully grasp the spatial variability of soil water-retention characteristics.  相似文献   

固定化微生物技术及其在污染土壤修复中的应用   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

司友斌  彭军 《土壤》2007,39(5):673-676

固定化微生物技术是一种新的生物处理技术,与普通生物处理法相比有许多优点.本文对固定化微生物的制备方法、固定化微生物的载体、固定化微生物的反应特性以及固定化微生物技术在污染土壤治理中的应用和研究进展状况进行了综述,并对其今后的发展方向作了探讨.  相似文献   

生物炭配施沼液对淋溶状态下土壤养分的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王忠江  张正  刘卓  王丽丽  司爱龙  曹振 《农业机械学报》2018,49(11):260-267

为探讨生物炭配施沼液对土壤养分淋失的影响,通过室内土柱试验,采用三因素三水平正交试验方法,系统研究了生物炭添加量、淋溶强度、沼液施加量对土壤养分淋失及土壤养分垂直分布的影响规律。结果表明,土壤养分淋失主要集中在前8次,后期淋失量均维持在较低水平并趋于稳定。各因素对氨态氮、速效磷、速效钾淋失的影响由大到小依次为淋溶强度、生物炭添加量、沼液施加量,而对硝态氮淋失量的影响由大到小依次为生物炭添加量、沼液施加量、淋溶强度。添加生物炭能明显减少养分淋失,且添加生物炭的0～20cm深度土壤的养分明显高于未添加生物炭的20～40cm土壤,各因素对氨态氮、硝态氮、速效钾在土壤中的含量影响差异显著,而对速效磷的影响则无显著差异。  相似文献   

一个新的水稻生育期延迟T-DNA插入突变体   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

邬亚文  于永红  胡国成  傅亚萍  斯华敏  郭泽建  孙宗修 《作物学报》2006,32(8):1111-1116

从水稻突变体库中筛选到一个生育期延迟突变体,主要表现为生育期延迟、植株矮化、叶色变深、叶角张大、根系变短。遗传分析表明该突变体受1对隐性单基因控制。对突变体及其后代分离群体做Basta抗性检测,证实该突变体是由T-DNA插入引起的,突变性状与T-DNA共分离。PCR和Southern杂交结果进一步证实了上述观点。该材料可用于插入座位的基因克隆和生育期调控机理的研究。  相似文献   

燕麦愈伤组织诱导和分化再生影响因素的研究   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

贾利敏  傅晓峰  孙国琴  孙瑞芬  斯钦巴特尔  刘力平  刘俊清 《华北农学报》2006,21(4):31-34

以燕麦3个品种(系)幼胚、幼穗为材料,通过组织培养方法,研究了基因型、培养基、外植体对愈伤组织诱导、继代和分化再生的影响。结果表明,对愈伤组织的诱导,基因型和培养基起重要作用,对幼胚作用极显著,对幼穗作用显著;外植体不同也影响愈伤组织形成,随培养基成分改变而变化,且幼穗较幼胚更易培养;2,4-D浓度影响愈伤组织生长和胚性愈伤组织形成,3 mg/L 2,4-D有利于愈伤生长,促进胚性愈伤形成;草莜一号幼穗愈伤组织有很强的继代能力,继代培养330 d仍具有46.58%的分化率,该材料在组织培养和基因工程研究中具有很大潜力。  相似文献   

亚麻显性雄性核不育基因的RAPD标记   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

高凤云  张辉  斯钦巴特尔 《华北农学报》2007,22(1):129-131

应用252条10-mer随机引物对遗传背景相似的可育株和不育株亚麻进行了RAPD分子标记,在不育株与可育株之间寻找DNA的多态性差异带,结果发现,在252条随机引物中有2条引物(即S62和S135)可分别得到1个与显性核不育的雄性基因有关的RAPD分子标记为S62-500和S135-350。  相似文献   

设施栽培条件下土壤养分及有机质组成变化趋势的研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

司东霞  吕福堂  张敏  戴保国 《土壤通报》2004,35(5):566-569

以黄泛平原壤质潮土不同年限的设施栽培土壤为研究对象,探讨了设施栽培条件对土壤养分及土壤有机质组成的影响。结果表明,设施栽培土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、盐分含量均明显高于大田,其含量主要取决于施用化学肥料的种类和数量,随栽培年限的增加而增加;土壤有机质、腐殖酸、胡敏酸含量随种植年限有升高趋势;HA/FA与栽培年限显著相关,表示设施栽培条件下,土壤熟化程度随有机肥料的逐年施用而有所提高,但HA/FA变化幅度不大,这可能与设施栽培形成的高温高湿条件及施用有机肥料中难分解物质的含量有关。  相似文献   

钙盐诱导下土壤锰和铁的释放及其对胡椒的生物有效性   总被引：9，自引：7，他引：9  

SI You-Bin  ZHOU Jing  ZHOU Dong-Mei  CHEN Huai-Man 《土壤圈》2004,14(1):111-116

Releases of manganese and iron ions from an albic soil (Albic-Udic Luvisol), a yellow-red soil (Hap-Udic Ferrisol) and a yellow-brown soil (Arp-Udic Luvisol) induced by calcium salt addition and their bioavailability to pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) were studied in a pot experiment. Addition of Ca(NO₃)₂ decreased soil pH and increased both exchangeable and DTPA (diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid)-extractable Mn and Fe in soils. Meanwhile, total Mn accumulation in the shoots of Capsicum frutescens L. on the salt-treated soils increased significantly (P< 0.01) compared with the control, suggesting that salt addition to soil induced Mn toxicity in Capsicum frutescens L. Although exchangeable and DTPA-extractable Fe increased also in the salt-treated soils, Fe uptake by the shoots of Capsicum frutescens L. decreased. The effect of added salts in soils on dry matter weight of pepper varied with the soil characteristics, showing different buffer capacities of the soils for salt toxicity in an order of yellow-brown soil > albic soil > yellow-red soil. Fe/Mn ratio in shoots of Capsicum frutescens L. decreased with increasing salt addition for all the soils, which was ascribed to the antagonistic effect of Mn on Fe accumulation. The ratio of Fe/Mn in the tissue was a better indicator of the appearance of Mn toxicity symptoms than Mn concentration alone.  相似文献   

自动化控制温室降温-程序设计参数的研究     

王刚金  苗香雯  司慧萍  崔绍荣 《农机化研究》2004,(2):172-175

根据我国华东地区的气候特点，在3种基本降温原理(通风、蒸发和防辐射)的基础上，设计了几种降温方法并进行了实验。基于实验数据的分析，提供了温室降温程序的主导因子和辅助因子，提高了自动化控制温室降温运行系统的科学性、实用性和稳定性。  相似文献   

黄瓜抗枯萎病遗传特性的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李新  司龙亭 《农业科技与装备》2008,(2):10-13

抗性遗传特性的研究结果表明,黄瓜枯萎病抗性为数量性状遗传。抗病与感病亲本杂交F1抗病指数介于双亲平均值与感病亲本之间,抗性表现为部分显性,存在细胞质的影响,用抗病亲本作母本的杂交后代F1的抗性比感病亲本作母本的强。基因效应分析表明,抗性是由6对基因控制,狭义和广义遗传力分别为35．08％和89．10％。  相似文献