THE ACUTE TOXICITY OF DICHLORVOS IN THE DOG: 2. Pathology     

D. H. Snow  B.V.Sc.  B.Sc. . 《Australian veterinary journal》1973,49(3):120-125

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Effects of maximal exercise on the blood composition of the racing camel   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

D H Snow  A Billah  A Ridha 《The Veterinary record》1988,123(12):311-312

Haematological and blood biochemical changes were studied in nine camels after maximal exercise over 4 or 5 km. There was a lack of splenic reserve for red blood cells, indicated by a minimal increase in haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit. There were marked increases in plasma lactate (to over 20 mmol/litre), plasma ammonia and plasma glucose and a pronounced decrease in circulating free fatty acids. There were small but significant increases in plasma calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride and phosphate concentrations.  相似文献   

The potential for dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids in domestic animals     

JE BAUER 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(10):342-345

SUMMARY The metabolism and clinical potential for dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) modifications using oil supplements containing n-3 and n-6 fatty acids are reviewed. Their use in such disorders as renal disease, inflammatory and immune-related disorders, and dermatological conditions in dogs and cats is discussed. The influence of n-3 fatty acid-rich rations on the endotoxin response in horses is described. Progress has been made toward understanding the clinical potential for PUFAs in these species. However, they have not yet been shown to be efficacious in any of the conditions investigated.  相似文献   

Electric fields at the active site of an enzyme: direct comparison of experiment with theory     

Suydam IT  Snow CD  Pande VS  Boxer SG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5784):200-204

The electric fields produced in folded proteins influence nearly every aspect of protein function. We present a vibrational spectroscopy technique that measures changes in electric field at a specific site of a protein as shifts in frequency (Stark shifts) of a calibrated nitrile vibration. A nitrile-containing inhibitor is used to deliver a unique probe vibration to the active site of human aldose reductase, and the response of the nitrile stretch frequency is measured for a series of mutations in the enzyme active site. These shifts yield quantitative information on electric fields that can be directly compared with electrostatics calculations. We show that extensive molecular dynamics simulations and ensemble averaging are required to reproduce the observed changes in field.  相似文献   

A systematic survey of loss-of-function variants in human protein-coding genes     

MacArthur DG  Balasubramanian S  Frankish A  Huang N  Morris J  Walter K  Jostins L  Habegger L  Pickrell JK  Montgomery SB  Albers CA  Zhang ZD  Conrad DF  Lunter G  Zheng H  Ayub Q  DePristo MA  Banks E  Hu M  Handsaker RE  Rosenfeld JA  Fromer M  Jin M  Mu XJ  Khurana E  Ye K  Kay M  Saunders GI  Suner MM  Hunt T  Barnes IH  Amid C  Carvalho-Silva DR  Bignell AH  Snow C  Yngvadottir B  Bumpstead S  Cooper DN  Xue Y  Romero IG; Genomes Project Consortium  Wang J  Li Y  Gibbs RA  McCarroll SA  Dermitzakis ET  Pritchard JK  Barrett JC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6070):823-828

Genome-sequencing studies indicate that all humans carry many genetic variants predicted to cause loss of function (LoF) of protein-coding genes, suggesting unexpected redundancy in the human genome. Here we apply stringent filters to 2951 putative LoF variants obtained from 185 human genomes to determine their true prevalence and properties. We estimate that human genomes typically contain ~100 genuine LoF variants with ~20 genes completely inactivated. We identify rare and likely deleterious LoF alleles, including 26 known and 21 predicted severe disease-causing variants, as well as common LoF variants in nonessential genes. We describe functional and evolutionary differences between LoF-tolerant and recessive disease genes and a method for using these differences to prioritize candidate genes found in clinical sequencing studies.  相似文献   

Risk factors associated with extended spectrum beta-lactamase Escherichia coli (CTX-M) on dairy farms in North West England and North Wales     

Snow LC  Warner RG  Cheney T  Wearing H  Stokes M  Harris K  Teale CJ  Coldham NG 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2012,106(3-4):225-234

This study investigated the potential spread of CTX-M-14 Escherichia coli from a known ESBL E. coli positive farm and risk factors for the presence of CTX-M E. coli on dairy farms. Between November 2009 and March 2010, 65 farms in North West England and North Wales were visited and animals sampled for E. coli producing CTX-M ESBLs. Seventeen of these were known to have received animals from a known ESBL E. coli positive 'index' farm since 2005 (linked farms). The prevalence of CTX-M E. coli in the population of linked farms was 58.8% (10/17; CI(95%) 32.9-81.6%) and in the randomly selected control population was 35.4% (17/48; CI(95%) 22.2-50.5%). There was no significant (p>0.05) linkage for the detection of any CTX-M E. coli or specifically a CTX-M-14 E. coli to the index farm. Group 1 (CTX-M-15, CTX-M-55, CTX-M-1, CTX-M-32), group 2 (CTX-M-2) and group 9 (CTX-M-14, CTX-M-14B, CTX-M-27) CTX-M E. coli were identified on the study farms. Molecular analysis revealed that three plasmids from linked farms had similar sizes (95kbp), replicon type (IncK) and backbone genes as that from the index farm. Logistic regression analysis revealed that farms that had used a 3rd or 4th generation cephalosporin (ceftiofur, cefoperazone and cefquinome) in livestock in the last 12months were nearly 4times more likely to have ESBL E. coli present (p=0.037; OR=3.93). There was no significant association between presence of CTX-M E. coli and the use of any 1st or 2nd generation cephalosporins. Several other risk factors for the presence of CTX-M E. coli were identified, such as storage of slurry in a pit, operating an open herd policy and infrequent cleaning of calf feeding equipment.  相似文献   

Hemodynamic effects of sevoflurane in spontaneously breathing cats     

BH  Pypendop  JE Ilkiw  JA Bolich 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2003,30(2):105-106

Sevoflurane has recently been introduced in feline anesthesia. However, its cardiovascular effects have not, to our knowledge, been reported in this species. Six healthy cats, aged 1.81 ± 0.31 years (mean ± SEM) and weighing 3.47 ± 0.11 kg, were studied. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane in oxygen. Body temperature was maintained between 38.5 and 39.55 °C. After instrumentation, end‐tidal sevoflurane concentration was randomly set at 1.25, 1.5, and 1.75 times the individual minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), determined in a previous study, according to a Latin Square Design. Thirty minutes of stabilization was allowed after each change of concentration. ECG and heart rate, systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures, central venous pressure (CVP), and core body temperature were continuously monitored and recorded. Inspired and end‐tidal oxygen, carbon dioxide, and sevoflurane concentrations were measured using a Raman spectrometer, calibrated every 80 minutes with three calibration gases of known sevoflurane concentration (1, 2, and 5%). Moreover, at selected times, pulmonary artery occlusion pressure and cardiac output (thermodilution) were measured, and arterial and mixed venous blood samples were collected for pH and blood gas analysis, hemoglobin concentration, hemoglobin oxygen saturation, packed cell volume (PCV) and total protein determination, and lactate concentration measurement. Cardiac index (CI), stroke index (SI), systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance indices, rate‐pressure product, left and right ventricular stroke work indices (LVSWI and RVSWI, respectively), arterial and mixed venous oxygen contents, oxygen delivery, oxygen consumption, and oxygen utilization ratio were calculated. Data were analyzed by a Repeated Measure Latin Square Design followed by a Tukey's test for 2 × 2 comparisons. Arterial pH significantly decreased from 7.40 ± 0.05 to 7.29 ± 0.07 with the administration of increasing concentrations of sevoflurane. Similarly, LVSWI decreased from 3.72 ± 0.60 to 2.60 ± 0.46 g m^?2. Mean arterial pressure, PaO₂, mixed venous pH, CI, SI, and oxygen delivery tended to decrease dose‐dependently, whereas CVP, PaCO₂, Pv CO₂, PCV, and arterial and mixed venous hemoglobin concentrations tended to increase dose‐dependently with the administration of sevoflurane. However, these trends did not reach statistical significance, possibly because of the limited number of animals studied. Sevoflurane seemed to induce dose‐dependent cardiovascular depression in cats.  相似文献   

Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis in three horses in Australia     

CW Spelta  JE Axon  A Begg  ISI Diallo  JB Carrick  CM Russell  NM Collins 《Australian veterinary journal》2013,91(7):274-280

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Myophosphorylase deficiency (glycogen storage disease Type V) in a herd of Charolais cattle in New Zealand: Confirmation by PCR-RFLP testing     

AC Johnstone  KD McSporran  JE Kenny  IL Anderson  GR MacPherson  RD Jolly 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):404-408

AIM: To describe a disease of muscle in Charolais calves and confirm the putative diagnosis of inherited myophosphorylase deficiency.

METHODS: Variously stained paraffin sections of muscle prepared from affected calves were used to describe the lesions. A polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) test was developed and applied to affected calves, their sires, dams and other individuals.

RESULTS: The lesions were those of rhabdomyolysis of skeletal muscles and sub-sarcolemmal spaces in normal fibres. The PCR-RFLP test confirmed the expected mutation for phosphorylase deficiency of Charolais cattle in two affected calves. In addition, sires, dams and other closely-related individuals of four affected calves tested as heterozygous for the mutation. Other apparently unrelated animals also tested as heterozygous.

CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of myophosphorylase deficiency was confirmed. The PCR-RFLP test is suitable for use in controlling this recessively-inherited disorder as it can diagnose heterozygous individuals that are otherwise clinically normal.  相似文献   

Evaluation of von Willebrand Factor During Pregnancy,Lactation and Oestrous Cycle in Bitches Affected and Unaffected by von Willebrand Disease     

CRS Mattoso  RK Takahira  SL Beier  JP Araujo Jr  JE Corrente 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(3):416-422

Plasmatic concentrations of von Willebrand Factor (vWF) increase during pregnancy in humans and dogs; however the mechanism of such increase is still not well defined. The aims of this study were: (i) to evaluate changes in vWF concentration during pregnancy and during the subsequent oestrous cycle in bitches affected and unaffected by von Willebrand Disease (vWD); (ii) to correlate the vWF levels and cortisol levels in both groups. Seven vWD affected (GI) and nine unaffected (GII) bitches were used. The animals were assessed during pregnancy, parturition, lactation and non‐gestational oestrous cycle in 11 moments (Pregnancy 1, Pregnancy 2, Parturition, Lactation 1, Lactation 2, Lactation 3, Anestrus, Proestrus, Oestrus, Diestrus 1, and Diestrus 2). The following tests were performed; measurement of von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag), albumin and cortisol. In both groups, vWF concentration remained stable during the non‐gestational oestrous cycle, but increased during pregnancy, with the highest value observed at parturition. Increases of 70% and 124% in vWF were seen in GI and GII, respectively, compared to anestrus. No correlation was found between vWF and cortisol. Values of vWF:Ag changed during pregnancy, with a peak at parturition, both in vWD affected and unaffected animals. Values of vWF were not altered in the different phases of the oestrous cycle following pregnancy in both groups. Evaluation of vWF during pregnancy can cause false negative results for vWD, but assessment can be performed at any point in the oestrous cycle of non‐pregnant bitches.  相似文献