Histologic classification as a prognostic criterion for canine lymphosarcoma   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R E Weller  C A Holmberg  G H Theilen  B R Madewell 《American journal of veterinary research》1980,41(8):1310-1314

Neoplastic tissues from 72 dogs with lymphosarcoma were histologically classified according to the Rappaport schema to determine if the histologic features of the disease had any clinical or prognostic importance. Of 72 dogs, lymphosarcomas in 7 were classified as nodular (9.7%) and 65 were classified as diffuse (90.3%). The two principal cytologic types were lymphocytic, poorly differentiated, and histiocytic, which composed 39% and 56% of the lymphosarcomas, respectively; whereas lymphocytic, well differentiated, mixed, and undifferentiated composed 6%. Clinically, all of the dogs were stage III or IV, according to the accepted criteria for canine lymphosarcoma. The overall complete remission rate was 64% and was defined as no clinical evidence of disease after 9 weeks of chemotherapy. Median remission among nodular histiocytic, diffuse lymphocytic, poorly differentiated, and diffuse histiocytic (DH) groups of dogs was 42 days, 29 days, and 42 days (range, 0 to 1,095), respectively. Median survival for the same groups was 235 days, 190 days, and 173 days (range, 1 to 1,261), respectively. A logarithmic analysis of variance revealed no significant differences among nodular histiocytic, diffuse lymphocytic, poorly differentiated, and DH groups relative to days remission, as well as to days survival. It was observed that those dogs with neoplasms classified as DH had longer remission durations. It would appear that for any one animal, histologic classification according to the Rappaport schema cannot be used as a prognostic criterion in predicting therapeutic response, remission, or survival.  相似文献   

Stickstoffumsatz in einigen obstbaulich genutzten Böden Südwestdeutschlands     

F. Weller 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1983,146(2):261-270

Nitrogen turnover in some orchard soils of South West Germany Investigations in several orchards in South West Germany led to the following results: The actual content of mineral nitrogen as well as the rate of mineralization showed a marked dependence on the nature of soil, weather and soil management. Frequently the rate of mineralization had a distinct annual course following soil temperature. During summer additional oscillations partially were related to water and air contents of the soils. As a rule under old sward the rate of mineralization was distinctly higher than in the same soil being cultivated or treated with herbicides. Under mulched sod not only higher rates of mineralization, but also distinctly higher actual contents of mineral nitrogen could be found as compared with data under cropped sod. This ran parallel with higher nitrogen supplies to the trees and distinctly higher yields, but also with a worse storage quality of the fruits and conspicuously increased wash-out rates of nitrate (provided that manuring was continued with the primary amount of nitrogen). The total content of soil nitrogen depended much more on the method of soil management (swarded or not swarded) than on the amount of nitrogen fertilizers. It seems that the total nitrogen content of a soil tends towards a certain level corresponding to the conditions of site and soil managements and that this level cannot be raised constantly by manuring. From these results the following conclusions for practical fruit growing can be drawn: With modern forms of commercial fruit growing using mulched sward for soil management the nitrogen output is much less than with cultivating the same soil as arable land or intensive grassland. Due to cropping of the grass in former times nitrogen deficiency of fruit trees was not unusual, but since the grass under the trees has been mulched there is more danger of excessive nitrogen supply if manuring has been left as it was. Unlike the situation known of sand cultures with low nitrogen reserves in orchards with high mineralization rates the time of manuring is not of great consequence.  相似文献   

Iron catalysts for selective anti-Markovnikov alkene hydrosilylation using tertiary silanes     

Tondreau AM  Atienza CC  Weller KJ  Nye SA  Lewis KM  Delis JG  Chirik PJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6068):567-570

Alkene hydrosilylation, the addition of a silicon hydride (Si-H) across a carbon-carbon double bond, is one of the largest-scale industrial applications of homogeneous catalysis and is used in the commercial production of numerous consumer goods. For decades, precious metals, principally compounds of platinum and rhodium, have been used as catalysts for this reaction class. Despite their widespread application, limitations such as high and volatile catalyst costs and competing side reactions have persisted. Here, we report that well-characterized molecular iron coordination compounds promote the selective anti-Markovnikov addition of sterically hindered, tertiary silanes to alkenes under mild conditions. These Earth-abundant base-metal catalysts, coordinated by optimized bis(imino)pyridine ligands, show promise for industrial application.  相似文献   

BODIUM—A systemic approach to model the dynamics of soil functions     

Sara König  Ulrich Weller  Bibiana Betancur-Corredor  Birgit Lang  Thomas Reitz  Martin Wiesmeier  Ute Wollschläger  Hans-Jörg Vogel 《European Journal of Soil Science》2023,74(5):e13411

The increasing demand for biomass for food, animal feed, fibre and bioenergy requires optimization of soil productivity, while at the same time, protecting other soil functions such as nutrient cycling and buffering, carbon storage, habitat for biological activity and water filter and storage. Therefore, one of the main challenges for sustainable agriculture is to produce high yields while maintaining all the other soil functions. Mechanistic simulation models are an essential tool to fully understand and predict the complex interactions between physical, biological and chemical processes of soils that generate those functions. We developed a soil model to simulate the impact of various agricultural management options and climate change on soil functions by integrating the relevant processes mechanistically and in a systemic way. As a special feature, we include the dynamics of soil structure induced by tillage and biological activity, which is especially relevant in arable soils. The model operates on a 1D soil profile consisting of a number of discrete layers with dynamic thickness. We demonstrate the model performance by simulating crop growth, root growth, nutrient and water uptake, nitrogen cycling, soil organic matter turnover, microbial activity, water distribution and soil structure dynamics in a long-term field experiment including different crops and different types and levels of fertilization. The model is able to capture essential features that are measured regularly including crop yield, soil organic carbon, and soil nitrogen. In this way, the plausibility of the implemented processes and their interactions is confirmed. Furthermore, we present the results of explorative simulations comparing scenarios with and without tillage events to analyse the effect of soil structure on soil functions. Since the model is process-based, we are confident that the model can also be used to predict quantities that have not been measured or to estimate the effect of management measures and climate states not yet been observed. The model thus has the potential to predict the site-specific impact of management decisions on soil functions, which is of great importance for the development of a sustainable agriculture that is currently also on the agenda of the ‘Green Deal’ at the European level.  相似文献   

Aortic rupture and aorto‐pulmonary fistulation in the Friesian horse: Characterisation of the clinical and gross post mortem findings in 24 cases     

M. PLOEG  V. SAEY  C. M. de BRUIJN  A. GRÖNE  K. CHIERS  G. van LOON  R. DUCATELLE  P. R. van WEEREN  W. BACK  C. DELESALLE 《Equine veterinary journal》2013,45(1):101-106

Reasons for performing study: In horses, aortic sinus of Valsalva aneurysms or tears in the aortic root are well‐recognised conditions in breeding stallions, often leading to sudden death. A more uncommon form of aortic rupture, located proximal to the ligamentum arteriosum has been reported in 3 Friesian horses. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to phenotypically characterise aortic rupture and aorto‐pulmonary fistulation in Friesian horses in terms of clinical and post mortem data based on 24 cases. Methods: Friesian horses that were diagnosed with aortic rupture and aorto‐pulmonary fistulation over a period of 13 years (1997–2010) at the Department of Equine Sciences of Utrecht University (n = 15) and Wolvega Equine Hospital (n = 9), were included in this study. Case history, results of clinical examination and gross post mortem findings were screened and analysed. Results: Some cases were found dead without prior symptoms, but in several cases signs such as recurrent colic, peripheral oedema and sustained tachycardia were present for several weeks prior to cardiac failure. Clinical examination during hospitalisation revealed increased rectal temperature, peripheral oedema and increased jugular pulse with a bounding arterial pulse. In the majority of horses an aortic rupture of the aortic arch near the ligamentum arteriosum, concurrent with a circumferential cuff of perivascular haemorrhage and aorto‐pulmonary fistulation, was found at post mortem examination. Conclusions: Aorto‐pulmonary fistulation in conjunction with aortic rupture is more common in Friesians than previously estimated. In some cases findings demonstrate a progressive pathology rather than acute cardiac failure and sudden death. An appropriate approach is necessary during post mortem examination of the heart in order not to overlook the diagnosis. Potential relevance: Equine practitioners should realise that in Friesian horses presented with a history of recurrent false colic, coughing, sustained tachycardia and/or peripheral oedema, aortic rupture and aorto‐pulmonary fistulation should be included in the differential diagnosis.  相似文献   

Is there a relationship between lateromedial foot imbalance and distal interphalangeal joint collateral ligament injuries?     

D. Reeve  T. Mair  J.J. Dixon  N. Bolas  R. Weller 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2013

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Does hoof deformation differ between horses with collapsed heels and horses with non-collapsed heels?     

Peter DayDaniel Butts  Thilo PfauChris Pardoe  Renate Weller 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2013

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How reliable is the use of hoof testers? The intra- and inter-operator repeatability of force application to different regions of the foot     

Jamie L. ArndtThilo Pfau  Peter DayChris Pardoe  David M. BoltRenate Weller 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2013

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Myophosphorylase deficiency (glycogen storage disease Type V) in a herd of Charolais cattle in New Zealand: Confirmation by PCR-RFLP testing     

AC Johnstone  KD McSporran  JE Kenny  IL Anderson  GR MacPherson  RD Jolly 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):404-408

AIM: To describe a disease of muscle in Charolais calves and confirm the putative diagnosis of inherited myophosphorylase deficiency.

METHODS: Variously stained paraffin sections of muscle prepared from affected calves were used to describe the lesions. A polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) test was developed and applied to affected calves, their sires, dams and other individuals.

RESULTS: The lesions were those of rhabdomyolysis of skeletal muscles and sub-sarcolemmal spaces in normal fibres. The PCR-RFLP test confirmed the expected mutation for phosphorylase deficiency of Charolais cattle in two affected calves. In addition, sires, dams and other closely-related individuals of four affected calves tested as heterozygous for the mutation. Other apparently unrelated animals also tested as heterozygous.

CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of myophosphorylase deficiency was confirmed. The PCR-RFLP test is suitable for use in controlling this recessively-inherited disorder as it can diagnose heterozygous individuals that are otherwise clinically normal.  相似文献   

Role of Luteinizing Hormone in Primiparous Sow Responses to Split Weaning     

L Zak  GR Foxcroft  FX Aherne  RN Kirkwood 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2008,43(4):445-450

In 45 primiparous sows, we examined endocrine, ovarian and reproductive responses to split-weaning or five injections per day of 800 ng GnRH from 18 to 21 days of lactation. There was no effect of treatment on absolute or changes in sow weight or backfat depth during lactation. Average piglet growth rates were similar among treatments except that piglets suckling split-weaned sows grew faster (p < 0.05) during days 18–21. On day 18, mean plasma LH concentrations and LH pulse frequency remained relatively stable in conventionally weaned sows but increased (p < 0.01) in response to split-weaning and GnRH. Prior to weaning on day 21, mean plasma LH concentrations remained elevated in GnRH-treated sows but had returned to control levels in split weaned sows. There was no treatment effect on preweaning LH pulse frequency noted on day 21. Weaning was associated with an increase in plasma LH concentrations in all the treatment groups. Mean plasma IGF-I remained relatively constant in conventionally weaned and GnRH sows, decreased in response to split weaning on day 18 (p < 0.02), but were elevated (p < 0.03) in split wean sows on day 21. On the day after weaning, split wean sows had more (p < 0.04) ovarian follicles ≥3 mm than conventionally weaned sows, with GnRH sows being intermediate. The wean-to-oestrus interval was reduced in split-wean sows compared with those conventionally weaned (p < 0.01), with GnRH sows being intermediate. There was no effect of treatment on ovulation rates, numbers of embryos, or embryonic survival rates. These data indicate that split-weaning of litters results in a more rapid return to oestrus after weaning and that this effect is associated with a transient acute increase in circulating gonadotrophins and earlier resumption of ovarian follicular development.  相似文献