Phosphotyrosine enrichment identifies focal adhesion kinase and other tyrosine kinases for targeting in canine hemangiosarcoma     

Marley K  Maier CS  Helfand SC 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2012,10(3):214-222

Canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is an endothelial cell malignancy driven, in part, by activating mutations in receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinases. Proteomics, Western blots and a tyrosine kinase inhibitor were used to elucidate activating mechanisms in HSA cell lines. Phosphotyrosine peptides from focal adhesion kinase (FAK) STAT3, Lyn, Fyn and other signal transduction kinases were identified by mass spectrometry. FAK was constitutively activated at tyrosine 397, the autophosphorylation site, and this was reversible with high concentrations of a FAK inhibitor. FAK inhibitor-14 suppressed migration and phosphorylation of FAK tyrosine 397 and tyrosines 576/577 and was cytotoxic to HSA cells suggesting FAK signalling may be an important contributor to canine HSA survival.  相似文献   

Changes in endocrine and immune responses of neonatal pigs exposed to a psychosocial stressor     

Margret Tuchscherer  Ellen Kanitz  Birger Puppe  Armin Tuchscherer  Torsten Viergutz 《Research in veterinary science》2009,87(3):380-388

The aim of the study was to determine the effects of a single social isolation (4 h) of piglets on immediate changes in stress hormones and immune responses at 7, 21 or 35 days of age. This social stressor caused an increase in plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations and a decrease in plasma TNF-α. The percentage of CD8⁺ cells increased and the CD4⁺ cell percentage decreased, resulting in decreasing CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio. The observed changes were consistent for all days studied. Further, the isolation treatment resulted in diminished LPS-stimulated IL-1β and IL-10 production in whole-blood cultures. In isolated piglets, positive correlations were estimated between changes in percentage of CD8⁺ cells and cortisol, and negative ones between changes in plasma TNF-α and culture supernatant IL-1β with ACTH and cortisol. The data suggest that psychosocial stress in neonatal pigs induced immune alterations to maintain adaptive stability, but reflecting also negative emotions experienced by this treatment.  相似文献   

Substrate-induced volatile organic compound emissions from compost-amended soils     

Martin S. A. Seewald  Wolfgang Singer  Brigitte A. Knapp  Ingrid H. Franke-Whittle  Armin Hansel  Heribert Insam 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2010,46(4):371-382

The agronomic effects of composts, mineral fertiliser and combinations thereof on chemical, biological and physiological soil properties have been studied in an 18-year field experiment. The present study aimed at tracing treatment effects by evaluating the volatile organic compound (VOC) emission of the differently treated soils: non-amended control, nitrogen fertilisation and composts (produced from organic waste and sewage sludge, respectively) in combination with nitrogen fertiliser. Microbial community structure was determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Aerobic and anaerobic soil VOC emission was determined after glucose amendment using proton transfer reaction–mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). After inducing VOC production by substrate (glucose) addition and at the same time reducing oxygen availability to impair degradation of the produced VOCs, we were able to differentiate among the treatments. Organic waste compost did not alter the VOC emissions compared to the untreated control, whilst sewage sludge composts and mineral fertilisation showed distinct effects. This differentiation was supported by DGGE analysis of fungal 18S rDNA fragments and confirms earlier findings on bacterial communities. Three major conclusions can be drawn: (1) VOC patterns are able to discriminate among soil treatments. (2) Sewage sludge compost and mineral fertilisation have not only the strongest impact on microbial community composition but also on VOC emission patterns, but specific tracer VOCs could not be identified. (3) Future efforts should aim at a PTR-MS-linked identification of the detected masses.  相似文献   

Studies on the effect of different cyclohexane-1,3-diones on de-novo fatty acid biosynthesis in poaceae     

Anja Maier  Andrea Golz  Hartmut K. Lichtenthaler  Norbert Meyer  Günter Retzlaff 《Pest management science》1994,42(3):153-161

Cyclohexane-1,3-diones such as the herbicides cycloxydim, sethoxydim, alloxydim and clethodim are known to be specific inhibitors of the plastid-located acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) in Poaceae, a key enzyme of de-novo fatty acid biosynthesis in higher plants. Using several new cyclohexane-1,3-dione derivatives and known herbicides, the relationships between chemical structure and enzyme inhibition have been studied. The basic cyclohexane-1,3-dione structure was modified at three different positions. These compounds were tested for inhibition of the de novo fatty-acid biosynthesis in test systems of etioplasts isolated from Avena sativa L. and Hordeum vulgare L. seedlings and also for inhibition of the isolated barley ACCase. The I₅₀ values of these cyclohexane-1,3-diones were determined. The influence of the modification of alkyl chains (length and type of substituent) on the degree of ACCase-inhibition is discussed. Several new compounds were found that were about two orders more active than the known herbicides cycloxydim or sethoxydim in the etioplast and ACCase test systems but not necessarily on the level of whole plants.  相似文献   

When can a veterinarian be expected to detect classical swine fever virus among breeding sows in a herd during an outbreak?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Engel B  Bouma A  Stegeman A  Buist W  Elbers A  Kogut J  Döpfer D  de Jong MC 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2005,67(2-3):195-212

The herd sensitivity (HSe) and herd specificity (Hsp) of clinical diagnosis of an infection with classical swine fever (CSF) virus during veterinary inspection of breeding sows in a herd was evaluated. Data gathered from visits to herds during the CSF outbreak in 1997-1998 in The Netherlands were used for the analysis. Herds were visited one or more times by the same or by different veterinarians. On the basis of the veterinarians' reports, each visit was coded as 0 (negative clinical diagnosis) or 1 (positive clinical diagnosis). The HSe for clinical diagnosis of CSF was modelled as a function of days elapsed since introduction of the virus. The moment of introduction of the CSF virus in the CSF-positive herds was unknown, so for each herd, a probability distribution for the unknown number of days since introduction was derived from serum samples collected at depopulation. The information from the reports of the veterinarians and from the test results of the serum samples at depopulation was combined in a Bayesian analysis. Data from CSF-negative herds were analysed to estimate HSp of clinical diagnosis of CSF. The HSe of clinical diagnosis was 0.5 at 37 days after virus introduction (95% CI: 31, 45) and reached 0.9 at 47 days after virus introduction (95% CI: 41, 54). The estimated herd specificity was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.64, 0.79). Dependence of HSe and HSp on characteristics of the veterinarians and the herds also was studied. Specialisation of the veterinarian significantly, although not markedly, affected the HSe.  相似文献   

Seroepidemiological studies of zoonotic infections in hunters in southeastern Austria--prevalences,risk factors,and preventive methods     

Deutz A  Fuchs K  Schuller W  Nowotny N  Auer H  Aspöck H  Stünzner D  Kerbl U  Klement C  Köfer J 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2003,116(7-8):306-311

The aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalences to zoonotic pathogens in hunters, to propose preventive measures and to obtain more information about the occurrence of zoonotic pathogens in local wild animal populations. From 146 male and 3 female hunters originating from the south-eastern Austrian federal states of Styria and Burgenland blood samples were taken and anamnestic data were obtained using a questionnaire. The serological investigations included the following viral, bacterial and parasitic zoonotic agents or zoonoses, respectively (antibody-seroprevalences in brackets): encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV, 15%), Puumala-Hantavirus (10%), Newcastle Disease virus (NDV, 4%), borreliosis (IgG 42%, IgM 7%), brucellosis (1%), chlamydiosis (3%), ehrlichiosis (IgG 15%, IgM 3%), leptospirosis (10%), tularaemia (3%), Q fever (0%), Echinococcus multilocularis/E. granulosus (5%/11%), toxocariasis (17%). Out of a control group of 50 persons (urban population, no hunters) only one person was found to be seropositive for Toxocara canis and NDV and four for EMCV, all other results were negative in the control group. The high seroprevalences especially to Borrelia burgdorferi s.l., Ehrlichia spp., Leptospira interrogans, E. granulosus, E. multilocularis, encephalomyocarditis virus and Puumala virus demonstrate that hunters are particularly exposed to zoonotic pathogens. It should also be noted that one hunter was seropositive for Brucella abortus and five exhibited antibodies to Francisella tularensis. In these cases, as well as in the cases of the 15 seropositives for Leptospira interrogans, the suspected source of infection may--besides rodents--also include wild boars and brown hares. The infections with NDV and Chlamydophila psittaci may be traced back to contact with certain species of birds (potential risk: aviaries). For Hantaviruses, rodents are considered to be the main source of human infections.  相似文献   

Layout proposal for a microtitre plate to be used in routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria from infections of dogs and cats     

Werckenthin C  Luhofer G  Böttner A  Gangl A  Goossens L  Hafez HM  Hartmann K  Kaske M  Kehrenberg C  Kietzmann M  Klarmann D  Klein G  Krabisch P  Kühn T  Richter A  Schulz B  Schwarz S  Sigge C  Traeder W  Waldmann KH  Jürgen W;Arbeitsgruppe Antibiotikaresistenz der Deutschen Veterinärmedizinischen;Gesellschaft 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2008,121(1-2):19-26

The determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations by broth microdilution is recommended as method of choice for susceptibility testing of veterinary bacterial pathogens. Accordingly, broth microdilution is used in veterinary routine diagnostic laboratories at a progressive rate. To reduce the costs of susceptibility testing, it is reasonable to develop widely accepted uniform microtitre plate layouts that are produced in large quantities. Such microtitre plate layouts have already been developed and published for the susceptibility testing of pathogens from food-producing animals. However, a microtitre plate layout, especially designed for the testing of bacteria from dogs and cats, should be available, too. The choice of the antimicrobial agents or combinations of antimicrobial agents to be included in a suitable layout should be based on the following criteria: (1) the approval and availability of an antimicrobial agent or combination of agents, (2) known cross-resistances, and (3) availability of approved clinical breakpoints. The latter point is of particular importance for the choice of the numbers of concentrations per antimicrobial agent tested and the range of test concentrations. Taking into account these aspects, a science-based layout proposal for microtitre plates, which are suitable for routine testing of bacteria from dogs and cats, is presented and discussed.  相似文献   

Field observations during the bluetongue serotype 8 epidemic in 2006. I. Detection of first outbreaks and clinical signs in sheep and cattle in Belgium, France and the Netherlands   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

Elbers AR  Backx A  Meroc E  Gerbier G  Staubach C  Hendrickx G  van der Spek A  Mintiens K 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,87(1-2):21-30

Starting August 2006, a major epidemic of bluetongue (BT) was identified in North-West Europe, affecting The Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Luxemburg and the North of France. It was caused by BT virus serotype 8 (BTV-8), a serotype previously unknown to the European Union (EU). In this outbreak, the virus caused clinical disease in a few individual animals within cattle herds, whereas overt clinical disease was usually restricted to sheep. Investigations in Belgium suggested that the first clinical signs of BTV-8 appeared mid July 2006 in a cattle herd, while the first suspicion of a BT-outbreak in Belgium was reported on 17 August 2006. In the first 10 BTV-8 outbreaks in the Netherlands, the owners indicated that the first clinical signs started approximately 12-17 days before a suspicion was reported to the veterinary authorities via a veterinary practitioner. In BTV-8 affected sheep flocks, erosions of the oral mucosa, fever, salivation, facial and mandibular oedema, apathy and tiredness, mortality, oedema of the lips, lameness, and dysphagia were among the most frequent clinical signs recorded. The most prominent clinical signs in BTV-8 affected cattle herds were: crusts/lesions of the nasal mucosa, erosions of lips/crusts in or around the nostrils, erosions of the oral mucosa, salivation, fever, conjunctivitis, coronitis, muscle necrosis, and stiffness of the limbs. Crusts/lesions of nasal mucosa, conjunctivitis, hyperaemic/purple coloration and lesions of the teats, and redness/hypersensitivity of the skin were relatively more seen on outbreak farms with cattle compared to sheep. Mortality, oedema of the head and ears, coronitis, redness of the oral mucosa, erosions/ulceration of tongue mucosa, purple coloration of the tongue and tongue protrusion and dyspneu were relatively more seen on outbreak farms with sheep compared to cattle.  相似文献   

Field observations during the Bluetongue serotype 8 epidemic in 2006. II. Morbidity and mortality rate, case fatality and clinical recovery in sheep and cattle in the Netherlands     

Elbers AR  Backx A  Mintiens K  Gerbier G  Staubach C  Hendrickx G  van der Spek A 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,87(1-2):31-40

Data collected in the Netherlands during the Bluetongue serotype 8 (BTV-8) epidemic indicated that in outbreak cattle herds, predominantly dairy and nursing cows were clinically affected and not young stock, beef cattle, beef calves, or breeding animals. In outbreak sheep flocks, mainly ewes and - if present - rams, were clinically affected and not the lambs. Median morbidity rate in outbreak herds was 1.85 per 100 sheep-month at risk and 0.32 per 100 cattle-month at risk for sheep and cattle, respectively. The mean proportion of BT-affected animals in outbreak herds that recovered from clinical disease was approximately eight times higher for cattle compared to sheep in the Netherlands. Median mortality rate in outbreak herds was 0.5 per 100 sheep-month at risk of dying and 0 per 100 cattle-month at risk of dying for sheep and cattle, respectively. Median recovery time of both sheep and cattle that recovered from clinical disease in outbreak herds was 14 days. Median case fatality was 50% in sheep outbreak flocks and 0% in outbreak cattle herds. It is concluded that morbidity and mortality in outbreak cattle herds was very limited during the BTV-8 epidemic in the Netherlands in 2006. In outbreak sheep flocks, morbidity was limited, with exceptions for a few flocks. However, almost 50% of the clinically sick sheep died in outbreak sheep herds.  相似文献   

Zur Untersuchung der verschiedenen Formen von Chlorophyll in der lebenden Pflanze durch Anwendung der Derivativ-Spektrophotometrie     

Armin Meister 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1966,14(1):235-255

Zusammenfassung Die Anwendung der Derivativ-Spektrophotometrie ermöglicht eine bessere Auflösung der sich sehr stark überlagernden Absorptionsbanden der verschiedenen Chlorophyll a-Formen in vivo im Vergleich zur üblichen spektroskopischen Technik. Untersuchungen von Gleichungen zur Beschreibung der Form von Absorptionsbanden und ihren 1. und 2. Ableitungen führen zu dem Ergebnis, daß sich durch die Differentiation die Halbwertsbreite verringert und damit das Auflösungsvermögen erhöht. Die 2. Ableitung zeigt sich dabei der 1. Ableitung überlegen.Apparative Möglichkeiten für die direkte Registrierung differenzierter Absorptionskurven werden untersucht. Unter Anwendung eines dabei auftretenden einfachen Prinzips wurde eine Apparatur gebaut, mit der neben der Extinktion und ihrer 1. Ableitung auch die 2. Ableitung nach der Wellenlänge registriert werden kann, die bisher nicht für Untersuchungen der Blattpigmente herangezogen wurde.Einige mit diesem Gerät aufgezeichnete Spektren demonstrieren die Vorteile der Derivativ-Spektrophotometrie, insbesondere für die Untersuchung der photosynthetischen Pigmente in vivo.

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Summary The strongly overlapping absorption bands of chlorophyll a forms in vivo are better resolved by derivative spectrophotometry than by ordinary absorption spectra. It was possible to demonstrate by eximation of equations describing the form of absorption bands and their first and second derivatives, that the half width of an absorption band is reduced by differentiation and therefore the resolving power is increased. The second derivative is shown to be superior to the first one.By examining apparative possibilities for recording directly differentiated absorption curves a simple principle was found, according to which an apparatus was constructed, that allows to record the direct absorbance spectrum, its first and its second derivative.Till now the second derivative of the absorption spectrum is not used for studying the leaf pigments.Some spectra, recorded with this apparatus, demonstrate the advantages of derivative spectrophotometry, especially for analysing photosynthetic pigments in vivo.

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