Spontaneous poisoning by Hovenia dulcis in dairy cattle in Southwest Parana,Brazil     

Fabricio Bernardi  Marina Gabriela Possa  Mayane Faccin  Leonardo Gruchouskei  Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves  Fernando Pípole  Luciana Retz de Carvalho  Fabiana Elias 《Tropical animal health and production》2016,48(1):211-214

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Frequency of Undetected Glove Perforation and Associated Risk Factors in Equine Surgery          下载免费PDF全文

Yvonne A. Elce  Sheila Laverty  Eduardo Almeida da Silveira  Perrine Piat  Pierre Trencart  Pavlina Ruzickova  Richard J. M. Reardon 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2016,45(8):1066-1070

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Target and non-target site mechanisms of fungicide resistance and their implications for the management of crop pathogens     

Adriano Francis Dorigan  Silvino Intra Moreira  Sarah da Silva Costa Guimarães  Valter Cruz-Magalhães  Eduardo Alves 《Pest management science》2023,79(12):4731-4753

Fungicides are indispensable for high-quality crops, but the rapid emergence and evolution of fungicide resistance have become the most important issues in modern agriculture. Hence, the sustainability and profitability of agricultural production have been challenged due to the limited number of fungicide chemical classes. Resistance to site-specific fungicides has principally been linked to target and non-target site mechanisms. These mechanisms change the structure or expression level, affecting fungicide efficacy and resulting in different and varying resistance levels. This review provides background information about fungicide resistance mechanisms and their implications for developing anti-resistance strategies in plant pathogens. Here, our purpose was to review changes at the target and non-target sites of quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides, methyl-benzimidazole carbamate (MBC) fungicides, demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides, and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides and to evaluate if they may also be associated with a fitness cost on crop pathogen populations. The current knowledge suggests that understanding fungicide resistance mechanisms can facilitate resistance monitoring and assist in developing anti-resistance strategies and new fungicide molecules to help solve this issue. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献   

Genomic prediction for meat and carcass traits in Nellore cattle using a Markov blanket algorithm     

Fernando Brito Lopes  Fernando Baldi  Ludmilla Costa Brunes  Marcos Fernando Oliveira e Costa  Eduardo da Costa Eifert  Guilherme Jordão Magalhães Rosa  Raysildo Barbosa Lobo  Cláudio Ulhoa Magnabosco 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2023,140(1):1-12

This study was carried out to evaluate the advantage of preselecting SNP markers using Markov blanket algorithm regarding the accuracy of genomic prediction for carcass and meat quality traits in Nellore cattle. This study considered 3675, 3680, 3660 and 524 records of rib eye area (REA), back fat thickness (BF), rump fat (RF), and Warner–Bratzler shear force (WBSF), respectively, from the Nellore Brazil Breeding Program. The animals have been genotyped using low-density SNP panel (30 k), and subsequently imputed for arrays with 777 k SNPs. Four Bayesian specifications of genomic regression models, namely Bayes A, Bayes B, Bayes Cπ and Bayesian Ridge Regression methods were compared in terms of prediction accuracy using a five folds cross-validation. Prediction accuracy for REA, BF and RF was all similar using the Bayesian Alphabet models, ranging from 0.75 to 0.95. For WBSF, the predictive ability was higher using Bayes B (0.47) than other methods (0.39 to 0.42). Although the prediction accuracies using Markov blanket of SNP markers were lower than those using all SNPs, for WBSF the relative gain was lower than 13%. With a subset of informative SNPs markers, identified using Markov blanket, probably, is possible to capture a large proportion of the genetic variance for WBSF. The development of low-density and customized arrays using Markov blanket might be cost-effective to perform a genomic selection for this trait, increasing the number of evaluated animals, improving the management decisions based on genomic information and applying genomic selection on a large scale.  相似文献   

Fertilizer location modifies root zone salinity,root morphology,and water‐stress resistance of tree seedlings according to the watering regime in a dryland reforestation          下载免费PDF全文

Juan F. Ovalle  Eduardo C. Arellano  Rosanna Ginocchio  Pablo Becerra 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2016,179(2):223-233

There is a direct relationship between soil nutrient concentration in localized zones and root proliferation and elongation under well‐watered conditions. However, in field studies under semiarid conditions this relationship can change due to higher salt accumulation and soil dryness that affect root growth, water stress resistance, and seedling survival. We assessed the effect of different locations of fertilizer placement in the soil profile and water availability on root zone salinity, root development and ecophysiological responses of Quillaja saponaria Mol. after outplanting. A single dose (6 g L^?1) of controlled‐release nitrogen fertilizer (CRF_N) was placed at 0 cm (top layer), 15 cm (middle layer), or 30 cm (bottom layer) depth in the containers in a greenhouse, in addition to an unfertilized treatment (control). After 6 months, seedlings were transplanted to the field and subjected to weekly watering regimes (2 L plant^?1 and unwatered). Morphological and ecophysiological parameters were periodically measured on seedlings, as well as soil electrical conductivity (EC). After 1 year, the shoot : root ratio of unwatered seedlings decreased as a function of CRF_N placement depth, which was attributed to lower shoot growth and not to greater root growth. The root morphology of the bottom layer treatment was negatively affected by high EC in unwatered seedlings. Greater total root length and root volume of the middle layer treatment was found only when well‐watered; however, this did not contribute to improve physiological responses against water stress. The lowest EC and the highest photochemical efficiency, net photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance were shown by unfertilized seedlings, independent of water availability. Our findings suggest that varying depth of CRF_N placement does not contribute significantly to improve root growth under water restriction. Water supplements, independently of the CRF_N location in the substrate, contribute to decrease root zone salinity, and consequently, improve root volume growth.  相似文献   

Identification of QTLs related to sugar and organic acid composition in melon using near-isogenic lines     

Javier M. Obando-Ulloa  Iban Eduardo  Antonio J. Monforte  J. Pablo Fernández-Trujillo 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009

The soluble sugar and organic acid composition of melon (Cucumis melo L.) fruit flesh has become a major focus of plant breeding worldwide in an attempt to improve taste. Thus, sugar and organic acid profiles were characterized using near-isogenic lines (NILs) derived from the Spanish cultivar Piel de Sapo (PS) and the exotic Korean accession Shongwan Charmi (PI 161375). Fruits were cultivated in only one environment. These data were used to map 60 quantitative trait loci (QTLs): 18 for individual sugars, eight for sucrose equivalents, five for the glucose-to-fructose ratio, seven for the total sugar content and 21 for organic acids. Within the QTLs that were associated with the sugar profile, 27 defined the sugar content: eight for fructose, six for glucose, four for sucrose, and nine for sucrose equivalents. Although increased sweetness of selected NILs compared with the parental PS was achieved by an increased glucose or fructose content, only glucose heritability was above 0.5. A total of 21 QTLs (two with positive effects and nineteen with detrimental effects compared with the PS levels) controlled the organic acid profile: l-glutamic, ascorbic and succinic acids (the principal ones) and fumaric, citric, oxalacetic, and isocitric acids. The levels of sugars imparted by the PI 161375 introgression frequently decreased the score grades given to NILs by consumers. Within the 32 QTLs mapped for sensory traits, 27 were associated with lower scores in taste (nine QTLs), sweetness (eight QTLs) or global quality appreciation (nine QTLs); two with increased fruit sourness or sweetness and three with increased fruit bitterness. The QTLs defined herein may assist breeders to understand the overall organoleptic balance (sweetness, sourness, and umami taste) in melon fruit, particularly those located within linkage groups III, V, VI, and VIII to XI.  相似文献   

Evaluation of tangerine hybrid resistance to Alternaria alternata     

Marcelo Claro de Souza  Eduardo Sanches Stuchi  Antonio de Goes 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009

The Alternaria Brown Spot, caused by Alternaria alternata, is a major fungal disease in some kinds of tangerines, tangor, mandarins and pomelos. In Brazil as well as worldwide, A. alternata can cause necrosis in fruits, branches and leaves, causing substantial profit loss. In the present research, in laboratory conditions and in the field, we evaluated the resistance to the fungus, in leaves and fruits, for 22 varieties and hybrids of tangerines. To this end, we evaluated genotypes belonging to the Germplasm Bank of the Estação Experimental de Citricultura de Bebedouro. The resistant genetic materials (found in leaves and fruits) represented four varieties of clementines (Citrus clementina); six varieties of mandarins (two belonging to C. reticulata, two to C. tangerina, one to C. deliciosa and one to C. nobilis); one tangelo (C. tangerina × C. paradisi); two mandarin hybrids (one resulting from crossing C. nobilis × C. deliciosa and the other from crossing C. clementina × C. reticulata); one tangor hybrid (C. clementina) and two satsuma hybrids (C. unshiu × C. deliciosa). We also determined a relation between the inoculation of leaves and fruits. The resistance and susceptibility following inoculation in leaves and fruits supports a relationship between these organs and the physiological responses observed for the evaluated genotypes.  相似文献   

FDI in Space Revisited: The Role of Spillovers on Foreign Direct Investment within the European Union          下载免费PDF全文

Luisa Alamá‐Sabater  Benedikt Heid  Eduardo Jiménez‐Fernández  Laura Márquez‐Ramos 《Growth and change》2017,48(3):390-408

We estimate a spatial econometric interaction model for bilateral aggregate FDI stock data between 25 European Union member countries in 2010. We find evidence for spatial spillovers of foreign direct investment for three different types of spatial dependence. Our results document FDI spillovers between neighboring countries of FDI origin countries, neighboring countries of FDI destination countries as well as between neighboring countries of both FDI origin and destination countries. Relying on recently developed methods, we provide the first model‐consistent interpretation of marginal effects of market size (measured by GDP) as well as GDP per capita on bilateral FDI activity. Our research highlights the importance of taking into account spatial lags when estimating bilateral FDI gravity models.  相似文献   

Volatile organic compounds produced by castor bean cake incorporated into the soil exhibit toxic activity against Meloidogyne incognita     

Luma A Pedroso  Vicente P Campos  Marcio P Pedroso  Aline F Barros  Eduardo S Freire  Franciely MP Resende 《Pest management science》2019,75(2):476-483

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Soil organic carbon fractions and humic substances are affected by land uses of Caatinga forest in Brazil     

Uemeson José dos Santos  Gustavo Pereira Duda  Marise Conceição Marques  José Romualdo de Sousa Lima  Eduardo Soares de Souza 《Arid Land Research and Management》2019,33(3):255-273

Caatinga is a Brazilian dry ecosystem that occupies around 1 million km² and is one of the largest tropical dry forests of the world. About 46% of the area that was originally covered has been deforested. Land use can cause pronounced reduction in soil carbon stocks that play a major role in the global carbon cycle. The objective of this study was to improve our understanding of the effect of land use on oxidizable carbon fractions, total carbon stocks and humic substances in different layers of soil in a Brazilian semi-arid region. We analyzed soils from tropical dry forest (TDF), forest succession with Anadenanthera falcata (ANA), with Tabebuia alba (TAB), secondary scrubby regeneration (SCR), and non-irrigated maize (MS). Forests showed larger fractions of more labile carbon, except for TDF. The most recalcitrant fraction of carbon stock, humin fraction stock, with the different land use decreased by 38–53% compared to TDF. Oxidizable carbon fractions, carbon stocks, and humic fraction stocks were able to differentiate the successional land uses and agricultural cover from TDF, mainly in the 0–5?cm layer. Our results show that changes in land use, especially with ANA forest succession, showed a larger labile carbon fraction, indicating easy decomposition and loss. Our results provide an alternative tool for the management of deforested areas in tropical dry caatinga ecosystems. This would contribute to the conservation of dry forest systems and could serve as guideline for sustainable management of agriculturally impacted caatinga areas.  相似文献