The harvest of the freshwater crayfish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Astacus leptodactylus</Emphasis> Eschscholtz in Turkey: harvest history,impact of crayfish plague,and present distribution of harvested populations   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Muzaffer Mustafa Harlioğlu 《Aquaculture International》2008,16(4):351-360

This review focuses on the present distribution of populations of the crayfish Astacus leptodactylus that are harvested in Turkey. It also examines the history of this harvest and the impact that crayfish plague has had on them. Crayfish plague, caused by the fungus-like organism, Aphanomyces astaci Schikora, 1906, is a severe parasite of freshwater crayfish and has caused a lot of damage to A. leptodactylus populations in Turkey since 1984. Turkey was the largest provider of A. leptodactylus to Western Europe from 1970 (or possibly earlier) until 1986. For example, the peak production was reached in the early 1980s, with over 5,000 tonnes being exported in 1984. On the other hand, as a result of the crayfish plague the harvest of A. leptodactylus was reduced severely in most populations in Turkey after 1985. The harvest was only 320 tonnes in 1991. After the occurrence of crayfish plague in Turkey, in order to increase crayfish production uncontrolled A. leptodactylus stockings have been carried out in many waterbodies throughout Turkey. These introductions have caused an increase in the number of A. leptodactylus populations, but exploitation of A. leptodactylus is still under the pressure of the plague, although there has been a steady increase in crayfish production in recent years. The harvest increased to 2,317 tonnes in 2004. Fortunately, among those populations affected by crayfish plague, large amounts of A. leptodactylus can still be harvested from three lakes, ?znik (Bursa), E?irdir (Isparta) and Çivril (Denizli). Thus, it seems that A. leptodactylus has a degree of resistance to crayfish plague. It is therefore interesting to investigate the resistance of A. leptodactylus caught from these populations to crayfish plague.  相似文献   

The effect of introgressions of wheat D-genome chromosomes into 'Presto' triticale   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hikmet Budak  P. Stephen Baenziger  Brian S. Beecher  Robert A. Graybosch  Benjamin T. Campbell  Marry J. Shipman  Mustafa Erayman  Kent M. Eskridge 《Euphytica》2004,137(2):261-270

Hexaploid triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) (2n= 6x= 42, AABBRR) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (2n= 6x= 42, AABBDD) differ in their R and D-genomes. This produces differences in both agronomic and end-use quality characteristics. Our objective was to determine how introgressions of individual chromosomes from the D-genome of wheat affect these characteristics of a winter triticale 'Presto'. We studied the effects of 18 D-genome chromosome substitution lines, 15 sib-lines as controls, and five check cultivars at Lincoln, NE in 1996, using a randomized complete block design with two replications. The experiment was repeated at Lincoln and Mead, NE in 1997 and 1998 with 15 substitution lines that survived the first winter in Lincoln, along with their 12 control sibs and five check cultivars. Few D-genome chromosomes had positive effects. Chromosomes 2D, 4D, and 6D significantly reduced plant height when substituted for 2R, 4B, and 6R, respectively. No grain yield increases were associated with any of the D-genome chromosomes tested, but three substitutions decreased the grain yield. Depending on the allele of the hardness gene present, chromosome 5D increased or decreased kernel hardness when substituted for 5R or 5A, respectively. Introgressions of chromosomes 1D and 6D improved end-use quality characteristics of Presto. These results suggest that apart from beneficial effects of individual loci located on the D-genome chromosomes, no major benefit can be expected from D-genome chromosome substitutions.  相似文献   

The importance and management strategies of cereal cyst nematodes,Heterodera spp., in Turkey     

Abdelfattah A. Dababat  Mustafa Imren  Gul Erginbas-Orakci  Samad Ashrafi  Elif Yavuzaslanoglu  Halil Toktay  Shree R. Pariyar  Halil I. Elekcioglu  Alexei Morgounov  Tesfamariam Mekete 《Euphytica》2015,202(2):173-188

  相似文献   

Anti-inflammatory activities of cucurbitacin E isolated from Citrullus lanatus var. citroides: role of reactive nitrogen species and cyclooxygenase enzyme inhibition     

Abdelwahab SI  Hassan LE  Sirat HM  Yagi SM  Koko WS  Mohan S  Taha MM  Ahmad S  Chuen CS  Narrima P  Rais MM  Hadi AH 《Fitoterapia》2011,82(8):1190-1197

The in vivo and in vitro mechanistic anti-inflammatory actions of cucurbitacin E (CE) (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) were examined. The results showed that LPS/INF-γ increased NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages, whereas L-NAME and CE curtailed it. CE did not reveal any cytotoxicity on RAW264.7 and WRL-68 cells. CE inhibited both COX enzymes with more selectivity toward COX-2. Intraperitoneal injection of CE significantly suppressed carrageenan-induced rat's paw edema. ORAC and FRAP assays showed that CE is not a potent ROS scavenger. It could be concluded that CE is potentially useful in treating inflammation through the inhibition of COX and RNS but not ROS.  相似文献   

Mutations in a human ROBO gene disrupt hindbrain axon pathway crossing and morphogenesis     

Jen JC  Chan WM  Bosley TM  Wan J  Carr JR  Rüb U  Shattuck D  Salamon G  Kudo LC  Ou J  Lin DD  Salih MA  Kansu T  Al Dhalaan H  Al Zayed Z  MacDonald DB  Stigsby B  Plaitakis A  Dretakis EK  Gottlob I  Pieh C  Traboulsi EI  Wang Q  Wang L  Andrews C  Yamada K  Demer JL  Karim S  Alger JR  Geschwind DH  Deller T  Sicotte NL  Nelson SF  Baloh RW  Engle EC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5676):1509-1513

The mechanisms controlling axon guidance are of fundamental importance in understanding brain development. Growing corticospinal and somatosensory axons cross the midline in the medulla to reach their targets and thus form the basis of contralateral motor control and sensory input. The motor and sensory projections appeared uncrossed in patients with horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS). In patients affected with HGPPS, we identified mutations in the ROBO3 gene, which shares homology with roundabout genes important in axon guidance in developing Drosophila, zebrafish, and mouse. Like its murine homolog Rig1/Robo3, but unlike other Robo proteins, ROBO3 is required for hindbrain axon midline crossing.  相似文献   

Two-dimensional nanosheets produced by liquid exfoliation of layered materials   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Coleman JN  Lotya M  O'Neill A  Bergin SD  King PJ  Khan U  Young K  Gaucher A  De S  Smith RJ  Shvets IV  Arora SK  Stanton G  Kim HY  Lee K  Kim GT  Duesberg GS  Hallam T  Boland JJ  Wang JJ  Donegan JF  Grunlan JC  Moriarty G  Shmeliov A  Nicholls RJ  Perkins JM  Grieveson EM  Theuwissen K  McComb DW  Nellist PD  Nicolosi V 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6017):568-571

If they could be easily exfoliated, layered materials would become a diverse source of two-dimensional crystals whose properties would be useful in applications ranging from electronics to energy storage. We show that layered compounds such as MoS(2), WS(2), MoSe(2), MoTe(2), TaSe(2), NbSe(2), NiTe(2), BN, and Bi(2)Te(3) can be efficiently dispersed in common solvents and can be deposited as individual flakes or formed into films. Electron microscopy strongly suggests that the material is exfoliated into individual layers. By blending this material with suspensions of other nanomaterials or polymer solutions, we can prepare hybrid dispersions or composites, which can be cast into films. We show that WS(2) and MoS(2) effectively reinforce polymers, whereas WS(2)/carbon nanotube hybrid films have high conductivity, leading to promising thermoelectric properties.  相似文献   

Invertebrate facultative anaerobiosis   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

P W Hochachka  T Mustafa 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1972,178(65):1056-1060

The unique pattern of anaerobic carbohydrate metabolism in invertebrate facultative anaerobes serves to couple other substrate-level phosphorylations to the glycolytic reactions, thus increasing the potential yield of high-energy phosphate compounds. Currently, two important coupling sites can be identified:  相似文献   

Functional properties and characterization of dietary fiber from Mangifera pajang Kort. fruit pulp     

Al-Sheraji SH  Ismail A  Manap MY  Mustafa S  Yusof RM  Hassan FA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(8):3980-3985

A dried high fiber product from bambangan (Mangifera pajang Kort.) fruit pulp was prepared and evaluated for proximate composition, functional properties, and soluble and insoluble dietary fiber composition. Mangifera pajang fibrous (MPF) consisted of 4.7% moisture, 0.8% fat, 4% protein, and 30 mg total polyphenol per g of dry sample, and 9, 79 and 88% soluble, insoluble and total dietary fiber, respectively. Water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, swelling, and solubility were found to be 9 g/g dry sample, 4 g/g dry sample, 16 mL/g dry sample, and 11%, respectively. The glucose dialysis retardation index of MPF was approximately double that of cellulose fiber. Soluble dietary fiber contained mannose, arabinose, glucose, rhamnose, erythrose, galactose, xylose, and fucose at 1.51, 0.72, 0.39, 0.16, 0.14, 0.05, 0.04, and 0.01%, respectively, with 5.8% uronic acid, while insoluble dietary fiber was composed of arabinose (18.47%), glucose (4.46%), mannose (3.15%), rhamnose (1.65%), galactose (1.20%), xylose (0.99%), and fucose (0.26%) with 15.5% uronic acid and 33.1% klason lignin. These characteristics indicate that MPF is a rich source of dietary fiber and has physicochemical properties which make it suitable as an added ingredient in various food products and/or dietetic, low-calorie high-fiber foods to enhance their nutraceutical properties.  相似文献   

New alkamides from maca (Lepidium meyenii)     

Zhao J  Muhammad I  Dunbar DC  Mustafa J  Khan IA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(3):690-693

Maca (Lepidium meyenii) has been used as a food in Peru for thousands of years. More recently a wide array of commercial maca products have gained popularity as dietary supplements, with claims of anabolic and aphrodisiac effects, although the biologically active principles are not fully known. In an earlier chemical investigation, two new alkamides and a novel fatty acid, as well as the N-hydroxypyridine derivative, macaridine, were isolated from L. meyenii. Further examination has led to the isolation of five additional new alkamides, namely, N-benzyl-9-oxo-12Z-octadecenamide (1), N-benzyl-9-oxo-12Z,15Z-octadecadienamide (2), N-benzyl-13-oxo-9E,11E-octadecadienamide (3), N-benzyl-15Z-tetracosenamide (4), and N-(m-methoxybenzyl)hexadecanamide (5). Their structures were established by spectrometric and spectroscopic methods including ESI-HRMS, EI-MS, (1)H, (13)C, and 2D NMR, as well as (1)H-(15)N 2D HMBC experiments. In addition, the identity of N-benzyl-15Z-tetracosenamide (4) was confirmed by synthesis. These compounds have been found from only L. meyenii and could be used as markers for authentication and standardization.  相似文献   

Effects of extrusion of flaxseed on ruminal and postruminal nutrient digestibilities.     

A F Mustafa  C Gonthier  D R Ouellet 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》2003,57(6):455-463

A study was conducted to determine the effects of extrusion on ruminal, post-ruminal and whole tract digestibility of flaxseed. Extrusion was performed at 155 degrees C with a residence time of 43 s. Two non-lactating Holstein cows fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used in a randomized complete block design. Results showed that extruded flaxseed had higher (P < 0.05) in situ soluble and lower (P < 0.05) slowly degradable DM and CP fractions than unheated flaxseed. Extrusion increased (P < 0.05) ruminal DM and CP degradability of flaxseed by 7 and 13%, respectively. Ruminal undegraded DM, CP and NDF were all lower (P < 0.05) for extruded flaxseed than for unheated flaxseed. Extrusion increased (P < 0.05) ruminal degradability and reduced (P < 0.05) post-ruminal availability of most amino acids of flaxseed. Whole tract digestibility of DM, CP, NDF and amino acids were higher (P < 0.05) for extruded than for unheated flaxseed. It was concluded that extrusion under the conditions used in the present experiment increases ruminal and whole tract nutrient degradabilities of flaxseed and therefore was ineffective in increasing the post-ruminal supply of amino acids from flaxseed.  相似文献