Responses of energy balance, physiology, and production for transition dairy cows fed with a low-energy prepartum diet during hot season     

Huawei Su  Yachun Wang  Qian Zhang  Fuwei Wang  Zhijun Cao  Muhammad Aziz Ur Rahman  Binghai Cao  Shengli Li 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(7):1495-1503

Twenty multiparous Chinese Holstein dairy cows calving in hot summer (S group), were compared with 20 similar control cows calving in cool autumn (C group). Diets were the same for both groups; prepartum diets had relatively low energy density. Average temperature–humidity index was 76.5 and 53.0 in summer and autumn, respectively. S group cows had significantly higher rectal temperatures (39.6 vs. 39.0 °C) and respiration rates (79.0 vs. 31.3 breaths/min) than C group, and consumed less feed (prepartum 8.0 vs. 12.3 kg/day, postpartum 16.3 vs. 21.2 kg/day). Calculated energy balance (EB) was ?7.98 vs. ?5.15 Mcal/day for S group prepartum and postpartum, respectively. In contrast, EB was 1.36 vs. ?2.03 Mcal/day for C group prepartum and postpartum, respectively. S group produced significantly less milk than C group by 15.4 % (5.2 kg/day) and 26.8 % (10.2 kg/d) for milk yield and energy-corrected milk, respectively. Percentages of milk fat (3.28 vs. 4.29 %), protein (3.08 vs. 3.33 %), and solids-not-fat (8.46 vs. 8.78 %) were significantly lower for S group. Milk urea nitrogen (19.54 vs. 13.31 mg/dL) was significantly higher in S group. Significantly lower feed efficiency was observed in S group (1.56 vs. 1.66). During the entire transition period, S group had significantly lower circulating glucose levels. S group had significantly higher levels of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) prepartum, but after 14 days in milk, NEFA was significantly lower. We conclude that increasing dietary energy density during transition period (especially prepartum) is necessary to minimize adverse effects of hot season.  相似文献   

The stimulatory effect of TLRs ligands on maturation of chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells     

Jinfeng Liang  Jia FuHaihong Kang  Jian LinQinghua Yu  Qian Yang 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2013

Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial for initiation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. TLR ligands combine with Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed on the DC surface and induce DC maturation. The potential effect of three types of TLR ligands (Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) spores, polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides) on chicken bone marrow-derived DCs (chBM-DCs) maturation was studied. The chBM-DCs cultured in presence of recombinant chicken granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-4 displayed the typical morphology of DCs after 7 days of culture. These immature chBM-DCs up-regulated the expression of MHC-II and of the putative CD11c, but had yet low to moderate levels of the CD40 and CD86 co-stimulatory molecules. After stimulation by the TLR ligands, the chBM-DCs displayed a more mature morphologic phenotype, significantly increased the CD40 and CD86 cell surface expression levels and gained the ability to stimulate proliferation of naive T cells in the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction, compared to the immature chBM-DCs. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that all three TLR ligands were strong stimuli for driving chBM-DCs maturation in vitro, with B. subtilis spores being the most efficient.  相似文献   

Expression kinetics of chicken β2-microglobulin and Class I MHC in vitro and in vivo during Marek’s disease viral infections     

Chuan Yu  Qiu Liu  Aijian Qin  Xuming Hu  Wencai Xu  Kun Qian  Hongxia Shao  Wenjie Jin 《Veterinary research communications》2013,37(4):277-283

Marek’s disease virus (MDV) is a highly cell-associated herpesvirus that causes a disease in chickens characterized by tumor formation and immunosuppression. The changes of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression in different MDV-infected cells are not completely understood. In this study, we investigated the expression of the Class I MHC and β2-microglobulin (β2m) genes in response to MDV infection at different time points by real-time PCR. In both in vitro and in vivo, the expression levels of Class I MHC and β2m genes were upregulated during early MDV infections in comparison to control cells; We also found that the expression of Class I MHC gene was downregulated in BudR (5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine)-treated MSB1 cells at 48 h and MDV-infected chicken embryo fibroblast cells (CEF) at 120 and 168 h post infection (hpi); Furthermore, compared to control groups, Class I MHC and β2m expression levels were downregulated in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLC) from MDV-infected chickens at 14 and 28 days post infection (dpi); Interestingly, both Class I MHC and β2m gene expression levels increased again in PBLC from MDV RB1B-infected chickens at 35 dpi, in which MDV was in the latent or transformed infection stages. In addition, Class I MHC expression was clearly decreased in MDV-infected CEF at 120 hpi although β2m expression was significantly increased. These changes in Class I MHC and β2m gene expression might provide more insights into host-virus interaction.  相似文献   

分析解读欧盟关于转基因蜂蜜的检测要求和手段     

王海洋  钱云开  高飞  吴曦 《中国蜂业》2013,(Z3):58-61

欧盟是我国蜂蜜出口重要的市场,2011年下半年以来,欧盟要求检测蜂蜜中的转基因成分,我国转基因作物种植的品种和数量不断增加,转基因成分在蜂蜜中存在的风险性也不断加大。欧盟官方推荐在食品中如果使用经批准的转基因花粉含量占总花粉含量超过0.9%的蜂蜜时应当予以标识,在0.9%限量界定方面,目前倾向的鉴定方法是用PCR方法与显微镜检验相结合的方法。欧盟官方认可的QSI实验室和intertek实验室目前检测蜂蜜中转基因花粉成分时,选择的三个筛选基因为P-35S、T-NOS和FMV基因。  相似文献   

Lactogenic hormones stimulate expression of lipogenic genes but not glucose transporters in bovine mammary gland   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Y. Shao  E.H. Wall  T.B. McFadden  Y. Misra  X. Qian  R. Blauwiekel  D. Kerr  F.-Q. Zhao 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2013

During the onset of lactation, there is a dramatic increase in the expression of glucose transporters (GLUT) and a group of enzymes involved in milk fat synthesis in the bovine mammary gland. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the lactogenic hormones mediate both of these increases. Bovine mammary explants were cultured for 48, 72, or 96 h with the following hormone treatments: no hormone (control), IGF-I, insulin (Ins), Ins + hydrocortisone + ovine prolactin (InsHPrl), or Ins + hydrocortisone + prolactin + 17β-estradiol (InsHPrlE). The relative expression of β-casein, α-lactalbumin, sterol regulatory element binding factor 1 (SREBF1), fatty acid synthase (FASN), acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA), stearyol-CoA desaturase (SCD), GLUT1, GLUT8, and GLUT12 were measured by real-time PCR. Exposure to the lactogenic hormone combinations InsHPrl and InsHPrlE for 96 h stimulated expression of β-casein and α-lactalbumin mRNA by several hundred-fold and also increased the expression of SREBF1, FASN, ACACA, and SCD genes in mammary explants (P < 0.01). However, those hormone combinations had no effect on GLUT1 or GLUT8 expression and inhibited GLUT12 expression by 50% after 72 h of treatment (P < 0.05). In separate experiments, the expression of GLUTs in the mouse mammary epithelial cell line HC11 or in bovine primary mammary epithelial cells was not increased by lactogenic hormone treatments. Moreover, treatment of dairy cows with bovine prolactin had no effect on GLUT expression in the mammary gland. In conclusion, lactogenic hormones clearly stimulate expression of milk protein and lipogenic genes, but they do not appear to mediate the marked up-regulation of GLUT expression in the mammary gland during the onset of lactation.  相似文献   

山羊MMP-9基因cDNA的克隆及生物信息学分析     

沈新改  陈巧玲  马韶阳  于倩  郑惠玲 《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2013,(5):35-37,166,167

为了克隆山羊基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)基因的cDNA片段,分析其基因序列,试验于无菌条件下采集泌乳期奶山羊乳腺组织并提取总RNA。根据已知其他物种的MMP-9基因保守性区域设计特异性引物,采用RT-PCR方法扩增MMP-9基因的CDS区,测序后对核苷酸和推导的氨基酸序列进行分析,并对8个物种进行聚类分析。结果表明:得到长度为2 245 bp的MMP-9基因cD-NA片段(GenBank登录号为JQ670877),其中包含2 130 bp的CDS全长;核酸序列分析结果显示,该基因编码709个氨基酸,与人、小鼠和牛的核苷酸序列进行比对,相似性分别为84%、80%、96%,氨基酸相似性分别为79%、73%、94%。  相似文献   

猪流感病毒分离株的特性及致病性     

哈卓  张鹏超  李倩  师小潇  饶柏忠  刘永杰  刘惠莉 《中国兽医学报》2013,33(2):217-221

为了解猪流感病毒(swine influenza virus,SIV)分离株A/Sw/SH/1/2007(H1N2)的特性,对毒株的抗原位点、受体位点、潜在糖基化位点进行比较分析,并进行雏鸡、小鼠致病性试验.结果表明,A/Sw/SH/1/2007与北美经典株A/Sw/Tennes/1455/1977(H1N1) HA抗原位点最接近,HA1蛋白4个抗原位点中只有Ca位点有2个氨基酸改变,发生抗原变异,Sa、Cb抗原位点均只有1个氨基酸发生改变,不影响其抗原性;受体位点高度保守,只有183位发生改变;A/Sw/SH 1/2007有6个潜在的糖基化位点,在276位丢失了1个潜在的糖基化位点,但同时在274位出现了1个新的糖基化位点.NA蛋白抗原位点序列与广西分离株A/Sw Guangxi/13/2006(H1N2)同源性最高,除401位氨基酸发生G→R改变外,其余抗原位点均保守.耐药性分析显示,该病毒对金刚烷胺、扎那米韦药物均敏感.致病性试验结果表明,A/Sw/SH/1/2007对雏鸡无致病性,ICPI为0;肌注小鼠2周内死亡100％,滴鼻小鼠死亡80％,存活小鼠血凝效价为27,而与经典H1N1亚型SIV毒株只有较低的交叉凝集,HI为2 3.4～3.6.  相似文献   

新疆地区牛Q热血清抗体检测与结果分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张军  史茜  贾广乐  季新成 《中国动物检疫》2013,30(3):43-44

  相似文献   

L-苹果酸对湘云鲫生长性能、体组成、消化和抗氧化能力的影响     

敬婷  罗莉  白富瑾  钱前  孙玉轩  石亚庆  李赞 《动物营养学报》2013,(10):2337-2344

本试验旨在研究L-苹果酸对湘云鲫生长性能、体组成、消化和抗氧化能力的影响。选取均重为(16.25±0.03)g的湘云鲫450尾,随机分为6组(每组3个重复,每个重复25尾),分别饲喂在基础饲料中添加0(对照组)、1、2、4、8和16 g/kg L-苹果酸的试验饲料,试验期90 d。结果表明:饲料中添加L-苹果酸可显著降低饲料pH和系酸力(P<0.05)。饲料中添加L-苹果酸可提高湘云鲫的摄食量和增重率,降低饲料系数,并在添加水平为4 g/kg时达到最佳生长性能。饲料中L-苹果酸添加水平为0~8 g/kg时,全鱼水分含量逐渐下降,粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量逐渐增加,且4和8 g/kg组均与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。饲料蛋白质沉积率在4 g/kg组达到最高,脂肪和灰分沉积率则在8 g/kg组最高,并均与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。肠道淀粉酶活性在4 g/kg组达到最高,脂肪酶、胰蛋白酶和Na+/K+-ATP酶活性均在8 g/kg组达到最高,并均与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。饲料中添加L-苹果酸可提高肝脏超氧化物歧化酶和苹果酸脱氢酶活性,降低丙二醛含量,且上述指标均在4 g/kg组达到最佳值,并与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。由此得出,饲料中适量添加L-苹果酸可促进湘云鲫的生长,降低饲料系数,增加鱼体营养物质沉积,提高消化和抗氧化能力;L-苹果酸在湘云鲫饲料中的适宜添加量为4~8 g/kg。  相似文献   

改革助推兵团走上生态与民生林业可持续发展之路——新疆生产建设兵团63团、71团林业改革调研报告     

张蕾  苗启华  齐联  陈谦  刘家顺  赖煜  刘霞 《绿色中国(A版)》2013,(10):3

通过对新疆生产建设兵团63团、71团林业改革的调研,分析了兵团林业改革面临的新形势和历史背景,总结了其主要做法和成效,并得出了3个方面的启示,即:生态林业民生林业共同发展是林业改革成功与否的标准,改革是重新调整生产要素的重要举措,改革应该是全方位系统性的。  相似文献