临武鸭产蛋高峰期蛋氨酸需要量的研究     

黄璇  李闯  何平  蒋桂韬  张旭  戴求仲 《动物营养学报》2015,(4):1110-1116

本试验旨在研究饲粮蛋氨酸水平对30~38周龄临武鸭生产性能、蛋品质和血清生化指标的影响,以确定临武鸭产蛋高峰期蛋氨酸的需要量。选取体重相近、健康状况良好的临武鸭200羽,随机分为5组,每组5个重复,每个重复8只鸭。饲粮蛋氨酸水平分别为0.27%、0.32%、0.37%、0.42%、0.47%,试验全期63 d。结果显示:1)饲粮蛋氨酸水平对产蛋率和合格蛋率无显著影响(P0.05)。0.37%、0.42%、0.47%组的平均日采食量和料蛋比均显著低于0.27%组(P0.05),而0.37%组的平均蛋重和日产蛋量显著高于0.27%组(P0.05)。0.37%组获得了除合格蛋率外最佳的产蛋性能。2)饲粮蛋氨酸水平对蛋鸭蛋形指数、蛋壳厚度、蛋黄色泽、蛋黄比例、蛋壳比例、蛋白比例的影响均不显著(P0.05),但0.42%组蛋白高度和哈氏单位最大且显著高于0.27%和0.32%组(P0.05)。3)饲粮蛋氨酸水平对蛋鸭血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、尿素氮、尿酸和丙二醛含量均无显著影响(P0.05)。与0.27%组相比,其他4组的血清超氧化物歧化酶活性显著提高(P0.05),0.37%、0.42%、0.47%组血清谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性均显著高于0.27%组(P0.05)。4)以作为评价蛋氨酸需要量敏感指标的料蛋比和血清中GSH含量为依据,通过回归分析估测得到产蛋高峰期临武鸭获得最小料蛋比和最大GSH含量所对应的饲粮中蛋氨酸需要量分别为0.41%和0.43%。综上所述,在本试验条件下,当蛋氨酸水平为0.41%~0.43%时,产蛋高峰期临武鸭可获得最佳产蛋性能、蛋品质和血清生化指标。因此30~38周龄临武鸭蛋氨酸推荐量为0.41%~0.43%。  相似文献   

Reduced high intensity training distance had no effect on VLa4 but attenuated heart rate response in 2-3-year-old Standardbred horses     

Sara Ringmark  Arne Lindholm  Ulf Hedenstr?m  Michael Lindinger  Kristina Dahlborn  Clarence Kvart  Anna Jansson 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2015,57(1)

Background

Training of Standardbred race horses aims to improve cardiovascular and metabolic functions but studies on the effects of different training strategies from breaking till racing are lacking. Sixteen horses with the goal to race as 3-year-olds were studied from breaking (1-year-olds) to December as 3-year-olds. Horses were allocated to either a control (C) or reduced (R) training program from 2 years of age. The aim was to evaluate the effect of reducing the distance of high intensity exercise by 30% with respect to velocity at lactate concentration 4 mmol/l (V_La4), blood lactate and cardiovascular response. All training sessions were documented and heart rate (HR) was recorded. A standardized exercise test of 1,600 m was performed 10 times and a V_La4 test was performed five times.

Results

C horses initially exercised for a longer time with a HR >180 beats per minute compared to R horses (P < 0.05) but after 6–9 months, time with HR >180 bpm decreased in C and were similar in the two groups (P > 0.05). Over the 2-year period, recovery HR after the 1,600 m-test decreased in both groups but was within 2 months lower in C than in R (P < 0.05). C horses also had lower resting HR as 3-year-olds (P < 0.01) than R horses. In C, post exercise hematocrit was higher than in R (P < 0.05). There was a tendency (P < 0.1) towards a larger aortic diameter in C as 3-year-olds (C: 1.75 ± 0.05, R: 1.70 ± 0.05 cm/100 kg BW). Left ventricle diameter and blood volume (in December as 2-year-olds) did not differ between groups. There were no differences between groups in post exercise blood lactate concentration or in V_La4. Both groups were equally successful in reaching the goal of participation in races.

Conclusions

Horses subjected to a reduced distance of high intensity training from the age of 2 showed an attenuated heart rate response, but were able to maintain the same V_La4 and race participation as horses subjected to longer training distances.  相似文献   

A KCNJ10 mutation previously identified in the Russell group of terriers also occurs in Smooth-Haired Fox Terriers with hereditary ataxia and in related breeds     

Cecilia Rohdin  Douglas Gilliam  Caroline A. O’Leary  Dennis P. O’Brien  Joan R. Coates  Gary S. Johnson  Karin Hultin J?derlund 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2015,57(1)

Background

Hereditary ataxias with similar phenotypes were reported in the Smooth-Haired Fox Terrier, the Jack Russell Terrier and the Parson Russell Terrier. However, segregation analyses showed differing inheritance modes in these breeds. Recently, molecular genetic studies on the Russell group of terriers found independent mutations in KCNJ10 and CAPN1, each associated with a specific clinical subtype of inherited ataxia. The aim of this study was to clarify whether or not Smooth-Haired Fox Terriers with hereditary ataxia and dogs of other related breeds harbor either of the same mutations. A sub goal was to update the results of KCNJ10 genotyping in Russell group terriers.

Findings

Three Smooth-Haired Fox Terriers with hereditary ataxia and two Toy Fox Terriers with a similar phenotype were all homozygous for the KCNJ10 mutation. The same mutation was also found in a heterozygous state in clinically unaffected Tenterfield Terriers (n = 5) and, in agreement with previous studies, in Jack Russell Terriers, Parson Russell Terriers, and Russell Terriers.

Conclusions

A KCNJ10 mutation, previously associated with an autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia in Jack Russell Terriers, Parson Russell Terriers, and Russell Terriers segregates in at least three more breeds descended from British hunting terriers. Ataxic members of two of these breeds, the Smooth-Haired Fox Terrier and the Toy Fox Terrier, were homozygous for the mutation, strengthening the likelihood that this genetic defect is indeed the causative mutation for the disease known as “hereditary ataxia” in Fox Terriers and “spinocerebellar ataxia with myokymia, seizures or both” in the Russell group of terriers.  相似文献   

Factors affecting costs for on-farm control of salmonella in Swedish dairy herds     

Estelle C.C. ?gren  Jan Johansson  Jenny Fr?ssling  Helene Wahlstr?m  Ulf Emanuelson  Susanna Sternberg-Lewerin 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2015,57(1)

Background

The Swedish control program for salmonella includes restrictions and on-farm control measures when salmonella is detected in a herd. Required control measures are subsidised by the government. This provides an opportunity to study costs for on-farm salmonella control. The aim of this study was to describe the costs for on-farm salmonella control in Swedish cattle herds and to investigate the effects of herd factors on these costs in dairy herds.

Results

During the 15 years studied there had been a total of 124 restriction periods in 118 cattle herds; 89 dairy herds, 28 specialised fattening herds and three suckler herds. The average costs per herd for on-farm salmonella control was 4.60 million SEK with a median of 1.06 million SEK corresponding to approximately 490 000 and 110 000 EUR. The range was 0.01 to 41 million SEK corresponding to 1080 EUR to 4.44 million EUR per farm. The costs cover measures required in herd-specific control plans, generally measures improving herd hygiene. A mixed linear model was used to investigate associations between herd factors and costs for on-farm salmonella control in dairy herds. Herd size and length of the restriction period were both significantly associated with costs for on-farm control of salmonella with larger herds and longer periods of restrictions leading to higher costs. Serotype detected and administrative changes in the Swedish Board of Agriculture aiming at reducing costs were not associated with costs for on-farm salmonella control.

Conclusions

On-farm control of salmonella in Swedish cattle herds incurred high costs but the costs also varied largely between herds. Larger herds and longer restriction periods increased the costs for on-farm control of salmonella in Swedish dairy herds. This causes concern for future costs for the Swedish salmonella control program as herd sizes are increasing.  相似文献   

Seasonal patterns of gastrointestinal nematode infection in goats on two Lithuanian farms     

Inga Stadalien?  Johan H?glund  Saulius Petkevi?ius 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2015,57(1)

Background

This study investigated seasonal changes in naturally acquired gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections on two Lithuanian goat farms with different parasite control practices.

Findings

On both farms, nematode faecal egg counts (FEC) and larval cultures were obtained from 15 adult and 10 young goats at bi-weekly intervals from April 2012 to April 2013. Goats on farm A were dewormed with ivermectin (0.3 mg/kg body weight) in October/November 2012, whereas the animals on farm B were left untreated. Thirteen young goats were slaughtered in August/November 2012 and April 2013 and worm burdens in the gastrointestinal tract were enumerated. In goats from both farms, Teladorsagia, Trichostrongylus, Oesophagostomum, Chabertia and Haemonchus were the dominant GIN genera. Herbage contamination with infective third-stage larvae (L₃) peaked in July/August and resulted in high FEC in September/October. Parasitological examination at slaughter showed that Teladorsagia spp. and Haemonchus contortus survived the winter, both in the abomasal mucosa as adults and as early fourth-stage larvae (EL₄). Deworming on farm A significantly reduced FEC, especially of H. contortus, at the start of the grazing period compared with the untreated farm B (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Goats were heavily infected with several GIN throughout the year. Strategic anthelmintic treatment during housing significantly reduced nematode egg output, in particular by H. contortus, at the start of the grazing season.  相似文献   

Questionnaire study and postmortem findings in backyard chicken flocks in Finland     

Leena Pohjola  Laila Rossow  Anita Huovilainen  Timo Soveri  Marja-Liisa H?nninen  Maria Fredriksson-Ahomaa 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2015,57(1)

Background

Although modern commercial poultry production today is based on large farms and intensive husbandry, keeping backyard poultry has regained popularity in industrialized countries. However, the health status of backyard flocks is still relatively poorly documented. A questionnaire was sent to the owners of 376 backyard poultry flocks (<500 birds) in order to study health management procedures and characterize backyard poultry populations in Finland. Information was also collected on the postmortem findings from non-commercial flocks using necropsy data from the Finnish Food Safety Authority (Evira).

Results

Backyard flocks in Finland are small in size (<50 birds), comprising mainly chickens. Based on the results of the questionnaire, the health of such flocks is good, mortality low and vaccinations are not commonly used. Most of the flocks were registered in the national poultry register. The standard biosecurity practices are not generally applied and contact with wild birds, pets and farm animals is frequent, which can make the flocks more prone to infectious diseases. We conducted an 11-year retrospective study of the postmortem necropsy findings of the Evira in order to document the diseases, which caused mortality in backyard chickens in Finland. Necropsy was performed on a total of 132 non-commercial laying hens during 2000 – 2011. The most common postmortem findings were Marek’s disease (27%) and colibacillosis (17%).

Conclusions

This study is the first to report data on characteristics of and management practices for backyard chicken flocks in Finland. Close connections with commercial flocks are rare and farms are usually distantly located suggesting that the risk that these backyard flocks pose to commercial poultry is low.  相似文献   

Gastric inflammatory pseudotumour secondary to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Actinomyces hordeovulneris</Emphasis> infection in a cat     

Marco Pietra  Renato Giulio Zanoni  Angelo Peli  Barbara Brunetti  Nikolina Linta  Ombretta Capitani  Giuseppe Spinella 《Irish veterinary journal》2015,69(1):12

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Use of serology and real time PCR to control an outbreak of bovine brucellosis at a dairy cattle farm in the Nile Delta region,Egypt     

Mayada Gwida  Maged El-Ashker  Falk Melzer  Mohamed El-Diasty  Mohamed El-Beskawy  Heinrich Neubauer 《Irish veterinary journal》2015,69(1):3

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Applying a kinetic method to an indirect ELISA measuring Ostertagia ostertagi antibodies in milk     

Rapha?l Vanderstichel  Ian Dohoo  Fred Markham 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2015,79(3):180-183

Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are frequently run as endpoint ELISAs (e-ELISAs). However, kinetic ELISAs (k-ELISAs) have certain advantages over e-ELISAs. The objective of this study was to understand the relationship between e-ELISA and k-ELISA results. Specifically, to determine whether it was possible to run both k-ELISA and e-ELISA on the same plate and establish an appropriate time interval for k-ELISA measurements. A normalization method for k-ELISA slopes (slope ratio) is proposed. Using an indirect e-ELISA test measuring antibodies against Ostertagia ostertagi in milk from dairy cattle, we found that running a k-ELISA had no effect on optical density ratio results of an e-ELISA on the same plate, and that agreement was very strong at 10, 15, and 28 min, allowing for a reduction in the total processing time for ELISA tests.  相似文献   

Stress exposure during the preimplantation period affects blastocyst lineages and offspring development     

Ján BURKU?  Martina KA?MAROVá  Janka KUBANDOVá  Natália KOKO?OVá  Kamila FABIANOVá  Du?an FABIAN  Juraj KOPPEL  ?tefan ?IKO? 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2015,61(4):325-331

We found retardation of preimplantation embryo growth after exposure to maternal restraint stress during the preimplantation period in our previous study. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of preimplantation maternal restraint stress on the distribution of inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) cells in mouse blastocysts, and its possible effect on physiological development of offspring. We exposed spontaneously ovulating female mice to restraint stress for 30 min three times a day during the preimplantation period, and this treatment caused a significant increase in blood serum corticosterone concentration. Microscopic evaluation of embryos showed that restraint stress significantly decreased cell counts per blastocyst. Comparing the effect of restraint stress on the two blastocyst cell lineages, we found that the reduction in TE cells was more substantial than the reduction in ICM cells, which resulted in an increased ICM/TE ratio in blastocysts isolated from stressed dams compared with controls. Restraint stress reduced the number of implantation sites in uteri, significantly delayed eye opening in delivered mice, and altered their behavior in terms of two parameters (scratching on the base of an open field test apparatus, time spent in central zone) as well. Moreover, prenatally stressed offspring had significantly lower body weights and in 5-week old females delivered from stressed dams, fat deposits were significantly lower. Our results indicate that exposure to stress during very early pregnancy can have a negative impact on embryonic development with consequences reaching into postnatal life.  相似文献