Cobia Rachycentron canadum L. reared in low‐salinity water: does dietary sodium chloride affect growth and osmoregulation?     

Renato A Santos  Adalto Bianchini  Marianna B Jorge  Luis A Romano  Luís A Sampaio  Marcelo B Tesser 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(4):728-735

The effects of NaCl supplementation (0.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0% dry weight of a basal diet) on growth, gill histological alterations and osmoregulation of juvenile cobia reared in low‐salinity water (5 g L^?1) were assessed. At the end of the experiment, gills were sampled for Na⁺, K⁺‐ATPase activity determination and histological evaluation. In all treatments, no mortality was observed. Results showed that dietary NaCl supplementation did not alter growth. At the highest supplementations (7.5% and 10.0%), juvenile cobia showed higher feed intake and feed conversion ratio. Na⁺, K⁺‐ATPase activity was higher in fish fed the diet without salt supplementation than in those fed with NaCl‐supplemented diets. The number of chloride cells significantly increased with increasing dietary salt level, being 2.5‐fold higher in fish fed with 10.0% NaCl supplementation (41 cells mm^?2) than in those from the non‐supplemented fed group (16 cells mm^?2). These findings indicate that dietary salt supplementation stimulated chloride cell proliferation paralleled with a reduction in the gill Na⁺, K⁺‐ATPase activity, suggesting a possible decrease in energy consumption associated with osmoregulation. However, the suggested energy sparing did not have a significant impact on juvenile cobia growth.  相似文献   

Evaluation of a barrier dental sealant in dogs     

Gengler WR  Kunkle BN  Romano D  Larsen D 《Journal of veterinary dentistry》2005,22(3):157-159

A study was conducted in 40 healthy, randomly selected, client-owned, mixed and purebred dogs to assess the efficacy of a barrier dental sealant. All dogs showed evidence of dental plaque, calculus, or gingivitis. The dental sealant was applied to one side of the mouth following a professional teeth cleaning procedure and reapplied weekly for 8-weeks following the cleaning procedure. Dental parameters evaluated included plaque, calculus, gingivitis, and gingival bleeding indices. A statistically significant difference was detected between treated and untreated teeth compared with baseline values for plaque and calculus at weeks 4 and 8, gingivitis at week 4, and gingival bleeding time at week 8. A professional teeth cleaning procedure followed by a single application of the barrier dental sealant and weekly reapplication performed by a veterinarian or veterinary technician provided significant improvement in plaque and calculus indices during an 8-week period.  相似文献   

Stress‐related biomarkers in dogs administered regional anaesthesia or fentanyl for analgesia during stifle surgery          下载免费PDF全文

Marta Romano  Diego A Portela  Gloria Breghi  Pablo E Otero 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2016,43(1):44-54

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The relevance of marine chemical ecology to plankton and ecosystem function: an emerging field     

Ianora A  Bentley MG  Caldwell GS  Casotti R  Cembella AD  Engström-Öst J  Halsband C  Sonnenschein E  Legrand C  Llewellyn CA  Paldavičienë A  Pilkaityte R  Pohnert G  Razinkovas A  Romano G  Tillmann U  Vaiciute D 《Marine drugs》2011,9(9):1625-1648

Marine chemical ecology comprises the study of the production and interaction of bioactive molecules affecting organism behavior and function. Here we focus on bioactive compounds and interactions associated with phytoplankton, particularly bloom-forming diatoms, prymnesiophytes and dinoflagellates. Planktonic bioactive metabolites are structurally and functionally diverse and some may have multiple simultaneous functions including roles in chemical defense (antipredator, allelopathic and antibacterial compounds), and/or cell-to-cell signaling (e.g., polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs) of diatoms). Among inducible chemical defenses in response to grazing, there is high species-specific variability in the effects on grazers, ranging from severe physical incapacitation and/or death to no apparent physiological response, depending on predator susceptibility and detoxification capability. Most bioactive compounds are present in very low concentrations, in both the producing organism and the surrounding aqueous medium. Furthermore, bioactivity may be subject to synergistic interactions with other natural and anthropogenic environmental toxicants. Most, if not all phycotoxins are classic secondary metabolites, but many other bioactive metabolites are simple molecules derived from primary metabolism (e.g., PUAs in diatoms, dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in prymnesiophytes). Producing cells do not seem to suffer physiological impact due to their synthesis. Functional genome sequence data and gene expression analysis will provide insights into regulatory and metabolic pathways in producer organisms, as well as identification of mechanisms of action in target organisms. Understanding chemical ecological responses to environmental triggers and chemically-mediated species interactions will help define crucial chemical and molecular processes that help maintain biodiversity and ecosystem functionality.  相似文献   

Effects of Nutrient and NaCl Salinity on Growth,Yield, Quality and Composition of Pepper Grown in Soilless Closed System     

Francesco Giuffrida  Giulia Graziani  Vincenzo Fogliano  Domenica Scuderi  Daniela Romano  Cherubino Leonardi 《Journal of plant nutrition》2014,37(9):1455-1474

The effects of nutrient or sodium chloride (NaCl) salinity on pepper grown in closed soilless culture systems were studied. A control (2 dS m^?1) and two saline nutrient solutions (4 dS m^?1) differing in the salt sources (fertilizers or NaCl) were studied. Shoot biomass production as well as total and marketable yield were more affected by NaCl than nutrient salinity. Fruit dry matter and total soluble solids increased in both salinity treatments compared to the control. Total phenol content rose slightly (10%) with NaCl salinity, while the concentration of carotenoids was enhanced by 40% with NaCl compared to the control and nutrient salinity. The results showed that the response of pepper to salinity is both osmotic and ion specific, but a more negative effect was recorded under NaCl stress. Moreover, the highest content of antioxidant compounds in NaCl treated fruits may indicate that NaCl caused more stressful conditions than nutrient salinity.  相似文献   

Comparison of two PCR protocols for the detection of Neospora caninum DNA in rodents     

A. Romano  A. TrisciuoglioD. Grande  E. Ferroglio 《Veterinary parasitology》2009

The objective of the present study was, due to increasing interest in the epidemiological role of small mammals as potential reservoir of Neospora caninum, to compare two different PCR protocols for the diagnosis of N. caninum in rodents. We tested tissue samples from 50 house mice (Mus musculus), 50 rats (Rattus norvegicus) and 35 field mice (Apodemus sylvaticus). Two different PCR protocols based on primer pairs, Np4-Np7 and Np6plus-Np21plus, were used for diagnosis on these samples. While there were not mismatches between the results of both PCR from rats or field mice, 49 out of 50 samples from house mice gave positive results with Np4-Np7 primer set. However after cloning and sequencing the PCR products, only six of these were confirmed to be N. caninum, while all the other 43 amplicons matched with house mice DNA sequence from clone RP23-14F5 on chromosome 11 sequence. Our results evidence that Np4-Np7 PCR could not be reliable in diagnosis of N. caninum in rodents.  相似文献   

Monitoring and analysis of suspended sediment transport dynamics in the Carapelle torrent (Southern Italy)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

F. Gentile  T. BisantinoR. Corbino  F. MililloG. Romano  G. Trisorio Liuzzi 《CATENA》2010

In Northern Puglia watershed's high rates of suspended sediment loads occur along the hydrographic network during intense rainfall events. In order to monitor this phenomenon an automated station, equipped with a turbidity probe, has been set up in the Carapelle torrent.  相似文献   

Lpp34, a novel putative lipoprotein from Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis     

Gioffré A  Caimi K  Zumárraga MJ  Meikle V  Morsella C  Bigi F  Alito A  Santángelo MP  Paolicchi F  Romano MI  Cataldi A 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2006,53(1):34-41

A Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis expression library in lambda ZAP was screened with immunized mice sera. One clone was selected, sequenced and further characterized. The sequence analysis of the hypothetical open-reading frame (ORF) predicts a protein of 20.8 kDa with a probable signal sequence compatible with Cys-acylation at Cys24, characteristic of lipoproteins. In consequence, the protein was termed Lpp34. Recombinant expression of Lpp34 was achieved by cloning the lpp34 gene into the histidine-tag expression vector pRSET-A. Western blot analysis showed a protein band with a molecular weight of 34 kDa. The native protein was localized in the membrane fraction of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and extracted in the detergent phase of Triton X-114. Southern blot and polymerase chain reaction showed that the gene is absent from all the non-M. avium complex mycobacterial genomes tested. Humoral reactivity using bovine sera demonstrated that this protein is widely recognized by both the infected and non-infected animals. This could partly be due to the conserved sequence in close-related environmental bacteria such as M. avium subsp. avium and to the presence of a conserved epitope in other bacteria such as Escherichia coli. In conclusion, these findings show that Lpp34 is a membrane protein and a putative lipoprotein present in M. avium complex mycobacteria and absent in the M. tuberculosis complex.  相似文献   

Residual heavy metal (Cu and Cd) removal byIris Pseudacorus     

Emilia Barbolani  Marina Clauser  Francesco Pantani  Romano Gellini 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1986,28(3-4):277-282

The uptake of Cu and Cd by the roots ofIris pseudacorus and its transport to rhizome and leaves were examined using solutions containing 0.5 and 5.0 mg L^?1 of Cu and Cd. Heavy metal accumulation was measured while replacing the metal absorbed by the plants with daily introduction to restore the initial concentrations. The heavy metal accumulation by Iris p. was 1.01 g Cu and 0.69 g Cd kg^?1 of fresh plant at the end of the tests for the solutions of 5.0 mg L^?1 metal concentration, respectively.  相似文献   

Sperm winding in Collembola     

Romano Dallai  Pietro P. Fanciulli  Francesco Frati  Eugenio Paccagnini  Pietro Lupetti 《Pedobiologia》2004,48(5-6):493-501

The winding process leading to the formation of rolled-up spermatozoa in Collembola is described. It is a phenomenon common to all collembolan species examined so far and it starts with the organization of a cytoplasmic flattened evagination beneath the head of the elongated spermatid, which gives rise to an extracellular cavity. Within this cavity secretory material produced by the epithelial cells of testes is progressively stored. The spermatozoon, whose cytoplasm is reduced to a thin layer, enrolls around this material. The final appearance is that of a spheroidal or lenticular structure containing dense material in the central extracellular cavity; this cavity is surrounded by the flattened sperm in whose cytoplasm the sperm components forms several spires. The material into the extracellular cavity becomes progressively denser and has a different appearance in the species examined.  相似文献