Congenital polycystic kidney disease in lambs     

AC Johnstone  BI Davidson  AR Roe  MR Eccles  RD Jolly 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):307-314

AIM: To describe the pathology and inheritance of a congenital polycystic kidney disease (PKD) of sheep.

METHODS: Mode of inheritance of PKD was investigated by evaluation of results of the disorder from planned matings in two consecutive years within subsets of a flock that had a high prevalence of PKD in lambs. Gross pathological and histopath- ological studies were based on tissues derived from this study. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained paraffin sections of kidney, liver, extrahepatic biliary and pancreatic ducts, pancreas and epididymis were used to describe the lesions.

RESULTS: Twenty-five lambs affected by PKD, of both sexes, were born, numbers in accord with those expected for an autosomal recessive disorder in the population studied. In all cases for which tissues were available, the renal, bile ductal (intrahepatic and extrahepatic), pancreatic and epididymal tissues had widespread dysplastic changes and associated cyst formation.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings of renal cysts in conjunction with cysts in other organs are unifying features in many of the human and animal forms of PKD and suggest a related pathogenic and genetic base consistent with an autosomal recessive disorder.  相似文献   

Evaluation of age-dependent susceptibility in calves infected with two doses of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis using pathology and tissue culture     

Rienske AR Mortier  Herman W Barkema  Janet M Bystrom  Oscar Illanes  Karin Orsel  Robert Wolf  Gordon Atkins  Jeroen De Buck 《Veterinary research》2013,44(1):94

The longstanding assumption that calves of more than 6 months of age are more resistant to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection has recently been challenged. In order to elucidate this, a challenge experiment was performed to evaluate age- and dose-dependent susceptibility to MAP infection in dairy calves. Fifty-six calves from MAP-negative dams were randomly allocated to 10 MAP challenge groups (5 animals per group) and a negative control group (6 calves). Calves were inoculated orally on 2 consecutive days at 5 ages: 2 weeks and 3, 6, 9 or 12 months. Within each age group 5 calves received either a high – or low – dose of 5 × 10⁹ CFU or 5 × 10⁷ CFU, respectively. All calves were euthanized at 17 months of age. Macroscopic and histological lesions were assessed and bacterial culture was done on numerous tissue samples. Within all 5 age groups, calves were successfully infected with either dose of MAP. Calves inoculated at < 6 months usually had more culture-positive tissue locations and higher histological lesion scores. Furthermore, those infected with a high dose had more severe scores for histologic and macroscopic lesions as well as more culture-positive tissue locations compared to calves infected with a low dose. In conclusion, calves to 1 year of age were susceptible to MAP infection and a high infection dose produced more severe lesions than a low dose.  相似文献   

Polymerase chain reaction and other laboratory techniques in the diagnosis of long incubation rabies in Australia   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

KA MCCOLL  AR GOULD  PW SELLECK  PT HOOPER  HA WESTBURY  JS SMITH† 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(3):84-89

SUMMARY Blood and post-mortem tissues from a 10-years-old girl were submitted to the Australian Animal Health Laboratory. Clinical signs and histopathological lesions had suggested a diagnosis of rabies, but, an unusually long incubation period of at least 5 years did not encourage such a diagnosis. Serological examinations by the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test revealed a dramatic increase in rabies virus-neutralising antibody during the 10-day period of hospitalisation. The results of a fluorescent antibody test on brain smears, and an immunoperoxidase test on formalin-fixed sections of brain were also consistent with a diagnosis of rabies. Attempts to isolate virus were unsuccessful. Polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) were conducted on a 10% suspension of a post-mortem sample from the patient's brain, using primers based on the published sequence of the Pasteur virus strain of rabies virus. 413 and 513 bp fragments from the nucleoprotein gene and a 403 bp fragment from the glycoprotein gene were amplified. Subsequent sequencing of these fragments, and comparison with equivalent regions of known rabies viruses, confirmed that the fragments originated from a virus belonging to the rabies virus serotype. This case demonstrated the advantage of using a range of laboratory techniques to obtain a definitive diagnosis. In particular, a PCR-based test may allow a diagnosis, even in the face of conditions that preclude virus isolation such as apparently occurred in this case. Finally, this case demonstrated that an unusually long incubation period should not discourage a tentative clinical diagnosis of rabies.  相似文献   

Diagnosis of botulism in cattle using ELISA to detect antibody to botulinum toxins   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

TF JUBB  TM ELLIS  AR GREGORY 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(6):226-227

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稻草床栽草菇培养料优质发酵方法研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

纪开萍  何明霞  阿红昌  王文兵  张春霞 《食用菌学报》2007,14(1):32-36

简易发酵、一次发酵和二次发酵稻草培养料床栽草菇的试验结果表明,二次发酵法栽培的草菇生物学效率达16.3%,显著高于一次发酵及简易发酵,且能较好地控制病虫害的发生,提高了草菇的产量和质量。  相似文献   

Evaluation of Fertilizing Potential of Frozen-thawed dog Spermatozoa Diluted in ACP-106^® using an In Vitro Sperm–Oocyte Interaction Assay     

RCS Cardoso  AR Silva  LDM Silva  VH Chirinéa  FF Souza  MD Lopes 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2007,42(1):11-16

The aim of present study was to evaluate frozen canine semen with ACP-106 (Powder Coconut Water) using an in vitro sperm--oocyte interaction assay (SOIA). Ten ejaculates from five stud dogs were diluted in ACP-106 containing 20% egg yolk, submitted to cooling in a thermal box for 40 min and in a refrigerator for 30 min. After this period, a second dilution was performed using ACP-106 containing 20% egg yolk and 12% glycerol. Samples were thawed at 38 degrees C for 1 min. Post-thaw motility was evaluated by light microscopy and by using a computer aided semen analysis (CASA). Plasma membrane integrity and sperm morphology/acrosomal status were evaluated by fluorescent probes (C-FDA/PI) and Bengal Rose respectively. Moreover, frozen-thawed semen was analysed by a SOIA. Subjective post-thaw motility was 52.0 +/- 14.8% and it was significant higher than the total motility estimated by CASA (23.0 +/- 14.8%) because this system considered the egg yolk debris as immotile spermatozoa. Although normal sperm rate and acrosomal integrity evaluated by Bengal Rose stain was 89.6 +/- 3.1% and 94.3 +/- 3.1%, respectively, post-thaw percentage of intact plasma membrane was only 35.1 +/- 14.3%. Regarding SOIA, the percentage of interacted oocytes (bound, penetrated and bound and/or penetrated) was 75.3%. Using regression analysis, it was found significant relations between some CASA patterns and data for SOIA. In conclusion, the freezing-thawing procedure using ACP-106 was efficient for maintain the in vitro fertility potential of dog spermatozoa.  相似文献   

SNP g.1007A>G within the porcine DNAL4 gene affects sperm motility traits and percentage of midpiece abnormalities          下载免费PDF全文

I Wiedemann  A Maehlmeyer  S Jansen  AR Sharifi  C Knorr 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(2):401-413

The flagellar beating of a spermatozoa's axoneme is caused by the varying activation and inactivation of dynein molecules. Dynein, axonemal, light chain 4 (DNAL 4 ) is a functional candidate gene for sperm motility as it encodes a small subunit of the dyneins. We resequenced the porcine DNAL 4 using three artificial insemination (AI ) boars each with high (>68%) or low (<60%) motility, and detected 23 SNP . These were then genotyped for 82 AI boars. Using spermatological records, significantly negative genetic correlations between ejaculate volume (VOL ) and the further spermatological parameters concentration (CONC ) (r  = ?.43), motility of undiluted semen (MOTUD ) (r  = ?.09), motility after 24 h (MOT 1) (r  = ?.17) and after 48 hr (MOT 2) (r  = ?.23) were estimated. Significantly positive correlations existed between CONC and MOT 1 (r  = .07) as well as MOT 2 (r  = .10), between MOTUD and MOT 1 (r  = .33), between MOTUD and MOT 2 (r  = .36), and finally between MOT 1 and MOT 2 (r  = .70). Significantly negatively correlated were all motility traits with the parameters abnormal acrosome (AA ) (MOTUD r  = ?.06; MOT 1 r  = ?.08, and MOT 2 r  = ?.1) and presence of cytoplasmic droplet (CD ) (MOTUD r  = ?.07; MOT 1 r  = ?.08; MOT 2 r  = ?.07). Association analyses (single marker regression model; SMR ) propose that SNP g.1007A>G, located in the second intron, reduces motility significantly (MOTUD ‐4.59%; MOT 1 ‐10.33%; MOT 2 ‐19.37%). According to the dominant‐recessive model (DRM ), genotype AA is always superior compared to genotypes AG and GG (i.e. MOTUD 67.67%, 64.16% and 53.91%; MOT 1 54.17%, 43.75% and 28.44%; MOT 2 44.12%, 24.91% and 4.97%). The average effect of gene substitution (g.1007A>G) on abnormal midpiece (AM ) was 0.71%, the genotypic values—as expressed by LS means—were 0.1 (AA ) and 0.81 (AG ).  相似文献   

Qualitative and quantitative ultrasound attributes of maternal‐foetal structures in pregnant ewes          下载免费PDF全文

PDA da Silva  RAR Uscategui  VJC Santos  AR Taira  RSG Mariano  MGK Rodrigues  APR Simões  MC Maronezi  ML Avante  WRR Vicente  MAR Feliciano 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(3):725-732

The aim of this study was to examine foetal organs and placental tissue to establish a correlation between the changes in the composition of these structures associated with their maturation and the ultrasonographic characteristics of the images. Twenty‐four pregnant ewes were included in the study. Ultrasonography assessments were performed in B‐mode, from the ninth gestational week until parturition. The lungs, liver and kidneys of foetuses and placentomes were located in transverse and longitudinal sections to evaluate the echogenicity (hypoechoic, isoechoic, hyperechoic or mixed) and echotexture (homogeneous and heterogeneous) of the tissues of interest. For quantitative evaluation of the ultrasonographic characteristics, it was performed a computerized image analysis using a commercial software (Image ProPlus^®). Mean numerical pixel values (NPVs), pixel heterogeneity (standard deviation of NPVs) and minimum and maximum pixel values were measured by selecting five circular regions of interest in each assessed tissue. All evaluated tissues presented significant variations in the NPVs, except for the liver. Pulmonary NPVmean, NPVmin and NPVmax decreased gradually through gestational weeks. The renal parameters gradually decreased with the advancement of the gestational weeks until the 17th week and later stabilized. The placentome NPVmean, NPVmin and NPVmax decreased gradually over the course of weeks. The hepatic tissue did not show echogenicity and echotexture variations and presented medium echogenicity and homogeneous echotexture throughout the experimental period. It was concluded that pixels numerical evaluation of maternal‐foetal tissues was applicable and allowed the identification of quantitative ultrasonographic characteristics showing changes in echogenicity related to gestational age.  相似文献   

Factors affecting the breeding success of the African Black Oystercatcher (Haematopus moquini): a perspective on protection and food availability     

Douglas Loewenthal  Philip AR Hockey 《African Zoology》2016,51(4):193-202

Breeding success (fledglings pair^?1 y^?1) of the Red-listed African Black Oystercatcher (Haematopus moquini) is highly variable, both spatially and temporally. Despite a diversity of natural factors causing this variability, there is evidence that two anthropogenic factors, i.e. disturbance and an introduced mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis), are having an impact on the local breeding success of this species. Using a data set comprising 87 site-years of nest-monitoring data across most of the species’ breeding range, we analysed the extent and causes of variability in breeding success. Breeding success differed across three population categories defined by varying levels of human disturbance: island populations, protected mainland populations, and unprotected mainland populations. Differences in breeding success between island populations and protected mainland populations were likely due to differing exposure to predators; however, differences between protected and unprotected mainland populations were unlikely caused by this as both experience equivalent predation levels (although from different predators). Protection only improved the breeding success of oystercatchers in very high-quality habitats (with a high biomass of alien mussels), and where populations were ‘released’ from high levels of human disturbance. In unprotected mainland areas, human activity impacted on the breeding success of local populations primarily through predation of small chicks by uncontrolled dogs, and by rising tides drowning chicks that were hiding from human disturbance. The findings of this study note the potential conservation dilemma resulting from an invasive species improving the conservation status of a Red-listed species, and encourage the implementation of restricted sites in high-quality habitats with high breeding pair densities.  相似文献   

Monitoring the reproductive physiology of six‐banded armadillos (Euphractus sexcinctus,Linnaeus, 1758) through different techniques          下载免费PDF全文

LB Campos  GCX Peixoto  GL Lima  TS Castelo  AM Silva  CIA Freitas  AR Silva 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(5):736-742

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