Epigenetic assessment of environmental chemicals detected in maternal peripheral and cord blood samples     

Arai Y  Ohgane J  Yagi S  Ito R  Iwasaki Y  Saito K  Akutsu K  Takatori S  Ishii R  Hayashi R  Izumi S  Sugino N  Kondo F  Horie M  Nakazawa H  Makino T  Shiota K 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2011,57(4):507-517

Epigenetic alteration is an emerging paradigm underlying the long-term effects of chemicals on gene functions. Various chemicals, including organophosphate insecticides and heavy metals, have been detected in the human fetal environment. Epigenetics by DNA methylation and histone modifications, through dynamic chromatin remodeling, is a mechanism for genome stability and gene functions. To investigate whether such environmental chemicals may cause epigenetic alterations, we studied the effects of selected chemicals on morphological changes in heterochromatin and DNA methylation status in mouse ES cells (ESCs). Twenty-five chemicals, including organophosphate insecticides, heavy metals and their metabolites, were assessed for their effect on the epigenetic status of mouse ESCs by monitoring heterochromatin stained with 4￠,6-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). The cells were surveyed after 48 or 96 h of exposure to the chemicals at the serum concentrations of cord blood. The candidates for epigenetic mutagens were examined for the effect on DNA methylation at genic regions. Of the 25 chemicals, five chemicals (diethyl phosphate (DEP), mercury (Hg), cotinine, selenium (Se) and octachlorodipropyl ether (S-421)) caused alterations in nuclear staining, suggesting that they affected heterochromatin conditions. Hg and Se caused aberrant DNA methylation at gene loci. Furthermore, DEP at 0.1 ppb caused irreversible heterochromatin changes in ESCs, and DEP-, Hg- and S-421-exposed cells also exhibited impaired formation of the embryoid body (EB), which is an in vitro model for early embryos. We established a system for assessment of epigenetic mutagens. We identified environmental chemicals that could have effects on the human fetus epigenetic status.  相似文献   

Long-term survival of a cow with cervical ectopia cordis     

Onda K  Sugiyama M  Niho K  Sato R  Arai S  Kaneko K  Ito S  Muto M  Suganuma T  Wakao Y  Wada Y 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2011,52(6):667-669

This study investigated the long-term survival of a calf with cervical ectopia cordis that grew normally, became pregnant, and calved normally. The cow showed normal cardiac function and absence of peripheral circulation abnormalities. This paper documents antemortem characteristics of the affected cow.  相似文献   

Study of the Structure–Activity Relationship of an Anti-Dormant Mycobacterial Substance 3-(Phenethylamino)Demethyl(oxy)aaptamine to Create a Probe Molecule for Detecting Its Target Protein     

Yuji Sumii  Kentaro Kamiya  Takehiko Nakamura  Kenta Tanaka  Takumi Kaji  Junya Mukomura  Naoyuki Kotoku  Masayoshi Arai 《Marine drugs》2022,20(2)

The current tuberculosis treatment regimen is long and complex, and its failure leads to relapse and emergence of drug resistance. One of the major reasons underlying the extended chemotherapeutic regimen is the ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to attain a dormant state. Therefore, the identification of new lead compounds with chemical structures different from those of conventional anti-tuberculosis drugs is essential. The compound 3-(phenethylamino)demethyl(oxy)aaptamine (PDOA, 1), isolated from marine sponge of Aaptos sp., is known as an anti-dormant mycobacterial substance, and has been reported to be effective against the drug resistant strains of M. tuberculosis. However, its target protein still remains unclear. This study aims to clarify the structure–activity relationship of 1 using 15 synthetic analogues, in order to prepare a probe molecule for detecting the target protein of 1. We succeeded in creating the compound 15 with a photoaffinity group that retained antimicrobial activity, which proved to be a suitable probe molecule for identifying the target protein of 1.  相似文献   

我国三种野生泥鳅遗传多样性的微卫星分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李雅娟  于卓  张明昭  庞义猛  钱聪  孙效文  荒井克俊 《东北农业大学学报》2010,41(12)

本研究采用5个微卫星分子标记技术对我国黑龙江泥鳅(M.mohoity)、北方泥鳅(M.bipartitus)、泥鳅(M.anguillicaudatus)进行了遗传多样性分析。结果表明,三种泥鳅的5个微卫星基因座共检测到等位基因数27个,微卫星基因座的等位基因数范围为3~7个。5个微卫星基因座在三种泥鳅的多态信息含量都达到了高度多态的水平,平均PIC值在0.526~0.722之间,说明三种泥鳅具有丰富的遗传多样性。黑龙江泥鳅、北方泥鳅和泥鳅的观测杂合度Ho分别为0.978,0.889和0.742,期望杂合度He分别为0.683、0.781、0.721。三种泥鳅的遗传距离为0.189~0.559,泥鳅和北方泥鳅群体间遗传距离最小为0.189,亲缘关系较近,而泥鳅和黑龙江泥鳅群体间遗传距离最大为0.559,亲缘关系较远。Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验P值。得出所有个体在5个微卫星位点上都无偏离现象。聚类结果显示黑龙江泥鳅、北方泥鳅、泥鳅群体分为二支,泥鳅和北方泥鳅聚为一类,之后两者再与黑龙江泥鳅聚为一类。  相似文献   

Artificially induced tetraploid masu salmon have the ability to form primordial germ cells     

Suzu Sakao  Takafumi Fujimoto  Terumasa Kobayashi  Goro Yoshizaki  Etsuro Yamaha  Katsutoshi Arai 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(4):993-1000

Diploid gametes generated with tetraploid animals are a stepping stone to improving chromosome manipulation techniques. However, artificially induced tetraploid individuals generally die soon after hatching. Diploid gametes could be induced by in vivo cultures of tetraploid primordial germ cells (PGCs) through germ-line chimera. In the present study, characteristics of PGCs were studied in inviable tetraploid masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou. Histological observation of tetraploid embryos revealed that the same or smaller numbers of PGCs were observed and they migrate into the genital ridges as did diploid PGCs during gonadogenesis. By whole-mount in situ hybridization using vasa messenger RNA (mRNA), 4–35 vasa-positive signals were detected in a pair of genital ridges of tetraploids. By cytological observation of genital ridge cell suspensions, several large round cells were observed, some of which extended pseudopodia. They also contained large nuclei and round granules in their cytoplasm, characteristics of PGCs. As the results suggest that inviable artificial tetraploids have PGCs, we expect to achieve diploid gamete production through surrogate propagation and tetraploid fish production.  相似文献   

Scanning electron microscopy of the nuclei isolated from chicken liver     

S Arai  Y H Nakanishi 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1988,50(4):946-948

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Changes of glycolytic enzyme activities and plasma insulin levels in diabetic herbivorous voles and KK mice     

T Arai  M Mochizuki  Y Oki 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1988,50(4):859-864

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Changes in hepatic lipogenic enzyme activities in voles and mice treated with monosodium aspartate.     

T Arai  Y Hasegawa  Y Oki 《Research in veterinary science》1992,53(2):247-249

Changes in activities of hepatic lipogenic enzymes, ATP citrate lyase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, were measured in voles and C57BL mice following neonatal administration of monosodium aspartate (MSA). Hepatic lipogenic enzyme activities in voles were considerably lower than those in mice; these low activities were considered to be one of the characteristics of voles as a herbivore. In the MSA-treated voles and mice, the plasma insulin concentrations increased significantly. The MSA-treated mice showed remarkable obesity and increased lipogenic enzyme activities. In the MSA-treated voles, signs of obesity were not observed and hepatic ATP citrate lyase activity increased significantly; acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity did not increase.  相似文献   

Studies of foetuses from cows clinically affected with bovine leucosis     

Y. Kono  H. Sentsui  K. Arai  W. Irishio  A. Fujigaki 《Veterinary microbiology》1983,8(5):505-509

Five foetuses varying stages of gestation were recovered from cows showing clinical signs of infection with bovine leukaemia virus (BLV). No pathological changes were found in the foetuses although BLV was isolated from 2 of these foetuses. No antibody to BLV could be detected by virus-neutralisation or immunodiffusion (ID) techniques in these two foetuses, although neutralising antibody alone was detected in one of the other 3 foetuses which were all negative for virus.  相似文献   

Antibacterial Efficacy of Several Surgical Hand Preparation Products Used by Veterinary Students          下载免费PDF全文

Po‐Yen Chou  Aimie J. Doyle  Shiori Arai  Pierre J. Burke  Trina R. Bailey 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2016,45(4):515-522

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