Genetic Relations between Reproduction,Chick Weight and Maternal Egg Composition in a White Leghorn Line     

Camilla Hartmann  Erling Strandberg  Lotta Rydhmer  Kjell Johansson 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(2):91-101

Selection is a viable way to increase egg dry matter, an important trait for the egg processing industry, but simultaneously a change in the embryonic environment takes place. The main purpose of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for the percentage of fertile eggs of eggs set (FERT), percentage of eggs hatched of fertile eggs (HATCH), percentage of live chicks 2 weeks post-hatch of hatched eggs (SURV/h) and of fertile eggs (SURV), and their genetic correlations with egg weight, albumen weight, yolk weight, yolk proportion, albumen dry matter and mean chick weight in a White Leghorn selection line. Direct and maternal heritabilities were low for FERT, HATCH and SURV, and non-existent for SURV/h. All direct-direct genetic correlations between reproduction traits and egg composition traits were not significant. Maternal-direct genetic correlations between HATCH and egg weight, albumen weight, yolk weight, yolk proportion and albumen dry matter were - 0.22, - 0.30, 0.28, 0.52 and 0.26, respectively. Similar correlations were found between SURV and egg composition traits. No significant genetic relationship was found between chick weight and post-hatch survival. In conclusion, within the range of values for egg composition in this study, selection for an increased egg dry matter should not impair reproduction.  相似文献   

Prevalence and associated management factors of Cryptosporidium shedding in 50 Swedish dairy herds     

Charlotte Silverls  Ulf Emanuelson  Kerstin de Verdier  Camilla Bjrkman 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2009,90(3-4):242-253

Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite causing diarrhoea in young calves. This cross-sectional study was performed to estimate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infected herds in a sample of Swedish dairy herds and to identify potential risk factors associated with shedding of oocysts. Fifty dairy herds, selected by stratified random sampling, were included. The herds were visited once during the indoor seasons of 2005–2006 and 2006–2007. Faecal samples were collected from 10 calves, 10 young stock and 5 cows in each herd. Clinical observations of sampled animals and environmental status were recorded, and farmers were interviewed about management procedures. Faecal samples were cleaned by sodium chloride flotation and detection of oocysts was made by epifluorescence microscopy. Cryptosporidium parvum-like oocysts were found in 96% of the herds. Prevalence was 52% in calves, 29% in young stock and 5.6% in cows. Three two-day-old calves shed oocysts. Cryptosporidium andersoni was found in seven animals from four different herds. Factors associated with prevalence of shedders among sampled animals in a herd were age at weaning, cleaning of single calf pens, placing of young stock, system for moving young stock, and year of sampling. Factors associated with shedding in calves were age, placing of young stock, routines for moving young stock and time calf stays with the cow. The only significant factor in young stock was age. In cows, number of calves in the herd and type of farming (organic vs. conventional) affected shedding.  相似文献   

Antibacterial activity of red and white wine against oral streptococci     

Daglia M  Papetti A  Grisoli P  Aceti C  Dacarro C  Gazzani G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(13):5038-5042

Wine contains a number of biologically active compounds with beneficial effects on human health. The antibacterial action of commercial red and white wines against oral streptococci responsible for caries development and against S. pyogenes responsible for pharyngitis was studied. Its postcontact effect against S. mutans was also studied. Both wines displayed activity. The compounds responsible for such activities were succinic, malic, lactic, tartaric, citric, and acetic acid. The synthetic mixtures of the organic acids tested at the concentrations found in wine had greater antibacterial activity than the beverages, indicating that in wine they are inhibited by other components. Wine polyphenols displayed no activity against oral streptococci or S. pyogenes. Findings show that wine is active against oral streptococci and S. pyogenes and suggest that it enhances oral health.  相似文献   

Isolation, identification, and quantification of roasted coffee antibacterial compounds     

Daglia M  Papetti A  Grisoli P  Aceti C  Spini V  Dacarro C  Gazzani G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(25):10208-10213

Coffee brew is a widely consumed beverage with multiple biological activities due both to naturally occurring components and to the hundreds of chemicals that are formed during the roasting process. Roasted coffee extract possesses antibacterial activity against a wide range of microorganisms, including Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans, whereas green coffee extract exhibits no such activity. The naturally occurring coffee compounds, such as chlorogenic acids and caffeine, cannot therefore be responsible for the significant antibacterial activity exerted by coffee beverages against both bacteria. The very low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) found for standard glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and diacetyl compounds formed during the roasting process points to these alpha-dicarbonyl compounds as the main agents responsible for the antibacterial activity of brewed coffee against Sa. aureus and St. mutans. However, their low concentrations determined in the beverage account for only 50% of its antibacterial activity. The addition of caffeine, which has weak intrinsic antibacterial activity, to a mixture of alpha-dicarbonyl compounds at the concentrations found in coffee demonstrated that caffeine synergistically enhances the antibacterial activity of alpha-dicarbonyl compounds and that glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and diacetyl in the presence of caffeine account for the whole antibacterial activity of roasted coffee.  相似文献   

Transport of Total Suspended Solids During Snowmelt – Influence by Road Salt, Temperature and Surface Slope     

Camilla Westerlund  Maria Viklander 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2008,192(1-4):3-10

In the beginning of March 2006, polluted snow from a roadside in Luleå, in the north of Sweden, with a traffic intensity of approximately 7,400 vehicles per day, was collected. The snow was homogenously mixed and divided into samples of 30 litres. The initial volumes and densities of the snow samples were measured and calculated. The snow samples were melted in climate rooms, with four different experimental configurations, to investigate the influence of road salt, temperature, and surface slope upon the transport of total suspended solids (TSS) (three replicates for each experimental configuration). The total volume of snowmelt runoff was collected and analysed for pH, conductivity, and concentrations of TSS and chlorides. The results showed that measured concentrations, calculated mass loads, and performed statistical t-tests of TSS for the snowmelt of the four different configurations implied that the transported mass load of TSS was higher with the addition of road salt and at higher ambient temperatures. However, the results showed a lower mass load of transported TSS for the lower slope.  相似文献   

Multilevel systematic sampling to estimate total fruit number for yield forecasts     

Dvoralai Wulfsohn  Felipe Aravena Zamora  Camilla Potin Téllez  Inés Zamora Lagos  Marta García-Fi?ana 《Precision Agriculture》2012,13(2):256-275

Early forecasting of fruit orchard yield is important for market planning and for growers and exporters to plan labour, bins, storage and purchase of packing materials. Large variations in tree yield pose a challenge for accurate yield estimation. We evaluated a three-level systematic sampling procedure for unbiased estimation of fruit number for yield forecasts. In the Spring of 2009 we estimated the total number of fruit in several rows of each of 14 commercial fruit orchards growing apple (11 groves), kiwifruit (two groves), and table grapes (one grove) in central Chile. Survey times were 10–100 min for apples (depending on vigour), 85 min for the table grapes, and 85 and 150 min for the kiwifruit. During harvest in the Fall, the fruit were counted to obtain the true number. Yields ranged from lows of several thousand (grape bunches), to highs of more than 40 000 fruit (apples, kiwifruit). Absolute true errors (defined as the absolute difference between the estimate and the true value, divided by the true value) were less than 5% in six orchards, between 5 and 10% in a further five orchards and 13% in one orchard. In two apple orchards we obtained absolute true errors of about 20%. Error analysis based on systematic sub-sampling across each sampling stage was used to determine how to distribute sampling effort to achieve a total coefficient of error of 10%. We discuss the extension of the procedure for yield estimation at the full orchard scale for any target precision.  相似文献   

In vitro permissivity of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells to bovine viral diarrhoea virus is dependent on the animal specific immune status     

Lucchini B  Ponti W  Turin L  Bronzo V  Scaccabarozzi L  Luzzago C 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2012,192(1):126-128

The in vitro permissivity to infection with homologous and heterologous bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) strains of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from eight na?ve and eight BVDV-1b immune animals was studied. Four reference strains (BVDV-1a NADL, BVDV-1b NY-1, BVDV-2 125 and BVDV-2 890) were selected, based on genotype, prevalence and biotype. Virus neutralizing antibody titres were determined at bleeding and the viral loads were measured in PBMCs by end point titration in cell culture and by real-time PCR. PBMCs from both na?ve and immune animals became infected by all BVDV strains tested, although virus titres were lower for immune heifers than na?ve ones; the differences were significant for NADL (P<0.05) and 890 (P<0.001) strains. The in vitro model used in this study showed that PBMCs from immune animals are susceptible to re-infection with both homologous and heterologous BVDV strains, albeit at a lower extent than na?ve cattle.  相似文献   

Landscape agronomy: a new field for addressing agricultural landscape dynamics   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Marc Beno?t  Davide Rizzo  Elisa Marraccini  Anna Camilla Moonen  Mariassunta Galli  Sylvie Lardon  Hélène Rapey  Claudine Thenail  Enrico Bonari 《Landscape Ecology》2012,27(10):1385-1394

Landscape dynamics increasingly challenge agronomists to explain how and why agricultural landscapes are designed and managed by farmers. Nevertheless, agronomy is rarely included in the wide range of disciplines involved in landscape research. In this paper, we describe how landscape agronomy can help explain the relationship between farming systems and agricultural landscape dynamics. For this, we propose a conceptual model of agricultural landscape dynamics that illustrates the specific contribution of agronomy to landscape research. This model describes the relationship between three elements: farming practices, landscape patterns and natural resources. It can stimulate agronomists to deal with research issues in agricultural landscape dynamics and enhance the interdisciplinary integration of farming systems in wider landscape research. On these premises, we discuss the main research issues that will benefit from an active involvement of agronomy, to understand, but also to assess landscape dynamics and to design relevant decision support systems.  相似文献   

Viral testing of 10 cases of Theiler's disease and 37 in‐contact horses in the absence of equine biologic product administration: A prospective study (2014‐2018)     

Joy E. Tomlinson  Bud C. Tennant  Alyssa Struzyna  Dawn Mrad  Nimet Browne  Dorothy Whelchel  Philip J. Johnson  Camilla Jamieson  Christiane V. Lhr  Robert Bildfell  Erica C. McKenzie  Melissa Laverack  Randall W. Renshaw  Edward Dubovi  Amit Kapoor  Richard S. Meirs  Rodney Belgrave  Julie Engiles  Gerlinde R. Van de Walle  Thomas J. Divers 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(1):258-265

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Neuroscience. Ubiquitination inhibits neuronal exit     

Métin C  Luccardini C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6012):1754-1755

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