Purification and development of ELISAs for two forms of vitellogenin in Indian walking catfish, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Clarias batrachus</Emphasis> (L.)     

S. Mahapatra  Sk. Kabita  D. Bhattacharya  S. Sarkar  S. K. Juin  S. Maitra  P. Nath 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2017,43(2):477-491

Two forms of vitellogenin (Vg: Vg1 and Vg2) were purified from the plasma of estradiol-17β (E₂)-treated Indian walking catfish, Clarias batrachus, by gel filtration and adsorption chromatography. Native Vg1 and Vg2 had apparent molecular masses of 375 and 450 kDa, respectively, and both Vgs resolved into two similar major bands (95 and 67 kDa) in SDS-PAGE under reducing condition. Polyclonal antisera raised against each form of Vg were absorbed with a combination of hypophysectomized male catfish serum proteins and alternate Vg to ensure specificity. Immunological analyses verified the presence of Vg1 and Vg2 in the plasma of female catfish. Homologous ELISAs were developed for Vg1 and Vg2 using their respective harvested antisera, which exhibited the detection limit of 100 ng ml^?1 for Vg1 and 40 ng ml^?1 for Vg2, and low level of cross-reactivity (not parallel to the standard) was found with alternate Vg in each assay. Treatment of male catfish with E₂ induced both Vgs showing a proportionate ratio of Vg1 to Vg2 at 5.6:1. Plasma concentrations of both Vgs measured by ELISAs at different reproductive phases of field collected female catfish increased in accordance with the ovarian development, keeping the proportionate ratio of Vg1 to Vg2 at about 2:1 in fish undergoing vitellogenesis during prespawning period and 1:20 during spawning period, suggesting that Vg1 may be the major Vg to contribute in yolk formation, whereas Vg2, besides its role in yolk formation, may facilitate other physiological functions. The present study, thus, demonstrates the occurrence of two unequally synthesized Vgs in the catfish.  相似文献   

Assessing toxicity of post-emergence herbicides to the Spilarctia obliqua Walker (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)     

Garima Gupta  A. K. Bhattacharya 《Journal of pest science》2008,81(1):9-15

The lethal and sublethal effects of three post-emergence herbicides, 2,4-D ethyl ester (Weedkill 80WP), imazethapyr (Pursuit 10EC) and quizalofop ethyl (Tergasuper 5EC) fortified with artificial diets were studied on larvae of Spilarctia obliqua Walker (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). Quizalofop ethyl and imazethapyr caused significant reduction of pest survival at almost all levels; however, 2,4-D ethyl ester was nontoxic. Interestingly, LC₅₀ data (0.230 and 0.855% for quizalofop ethyl and imazethapyr, respectively) obtained from probit analysis were almost equal to labeled doses (x) of quizalofop ethyl (x = 0.16%) and imazethapyr (x = 0.625%), which shows the high toxicity of these compounds against S. obliqua larvae. Among the three herbicides, imazethapyr caused sublethal effects on this pest, increasing the larval period at almost all concentrations tested in the artificial diet. Considering the markedly significant effect of quizalofop ethyl on pest survivorship with no sublethal effect, we suggest incorporating it into the integrated pest management module for S. obliqua in legumes or oilseed crops with other biorational insecticides. Based on toxicity, imazethapyr can be a potential candidate for integrated management of S. obliqua. However, because of its sublethal effects, we advocate caution while using it in the presence of pest infestations.  相似文献   

Genetic analysis of juvenile growth and carcass traits in a full diallel mating in selected colored broiler lines     

Rajkumar U  Sharma RP  Padhi MK  Rajaravindra KS  Reddy BL  Niranjan M  Bhattacharya TK  Haunshi S  Chatterjee RN 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(6):1129-1136

The juvenile growth and carcass traits were evaluated in a 4 × 4 full diallel crossing involving four colored broiler chicken lines viz., Naked neck (NN), Dwarf, Punjab Broiler-1 (PB-1), and Punjab Broiler-2 to study the performance and crossbreeding parameters. The data on 2,280 chicks were analyzed using least squares techniques to assess the effect of genetic group, and the significant traits were further analyzed for crossbreeding parameters. Genetic group had significant influence on the body weights and carcass traits. The cross of PB-1 × NN recorded significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher body weight at 6 weeks of age. The data revealed that general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), maternal ability (MA), sex-linked effect (SE), and purebred effects significantly influenced the growth and carcass traits in the broiler crosses. The crossbred PB-1 × NN showed positive heterosis for growth as well as carcass traits. The results suggest that GCA, SCA, SE, and MA are important in the inheritance of the body weights and carcass traits indicating the presence of both additive and nonadditive genetic variation along with reciprocal effects. Therefore, pure line selection along with development of specialized sire and dam lines followed by crossing will improve the growth performance and benefit the poultry farmers. It is concluded that PB-1 as a male line and NN as a female line performed significantly higher, therefore, may be used for improving the performance of colored broilers.  相似文献   

Deep Impact: observations from a worldwide Earth-based campaign     

Meech KJ  Ageorges N  A'Hearn MF  Arpigny C  Ates A  Aycock J  Bagnulo S  Bailey J  Barber R  Barrera L  Barrena R  Bauer JM  Belton MJ  Bensch F  Bhattacharya B  Biver N  Blake G  Bockelée-Morvan D  Boehnhardt H  Bonev BP  Bonev T  Buie MW  Burton MG  Butner HM  Cabanac R  Campbell R  Campins H  Capria MT  Carroll T  Chaffee F  Charnley SB  Cleis R  Coates A  Cochran A  Colom P  Conrad A  Coulson IM  Crovisier J  deBuizer J  Dekany R  de Léon J  Dello Russo N  Delsanti A  DiSanti M  Drummond J  Dundon L  Etzel PB  Farnham TL  Feldman P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,310(5746):265-269

On 4 July 2005, many observatories around the world and in space observed the collision of Deep Impact with comet 9P/Tempel 1 or its aftermath. This was an unprecedented coordinated observational campaign. These data show that (i) there was new material after impact that was compositionally different from that seen before impact; (ii) the ratio of dust mass to gas mass in the ejecta was much larger than before impact; (iii) the new activity did not last more than a few days, and by 9 July the comet's behavior was indistinguishable from its pre-impact behavior; and (iv) there were interesting transient phenomena that may be correlated with cratering physics.  相似文献   

Arsenic-induced responses in freshwater teleosts     

S. Bhattacharya  A. Bhattacharya  S. Roy 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2007,33(4):463-473

The environment is currently polluted by thousands of chemicals or xenobiotics introduced into the environment by man to meet the demands of the modern era. Every day we encounter this negative side of human civilization, but have done little to lessen the rate of pollution. Although the entire biosphere is polluted it is water resources that are the most polluted because water is the ultimate sink for many contaminants. Thus, fish are the most vulnerable of all animal species. They are helpless because they cannot avoid the polluted habitat and face this contamination by default. Nevertheless, fish are found to survive under extreme conditions when their natural habitat has been compromised to a great extent. However, fish are highly sensitive to small environmental changes and their populations gradually dwindle if pollution continues unabated. However, we know that there are instances when water is cleaned and the rate of repopulation by different fish species has gained momentum, restoring the ecological balance. Thus, fish are considered reliable bioindicators of water pollution and fish ecotoxicology has received much attention in recent years, and fish toxicology has been able to defend a significant position in the arena of xenobiotics research over the years. This review deals with some of the major intoxication and detoxication signals manifested by fish exposed to arsenic (As), which is presently one of the most worrying metalloids in water pollution.  相似文献   

Steroidogenesis by ovaries and testes of the European catfish,the wels (Silurus glanis), in vitro     

David E. Kime  Shelley Bhattacharya  Malgorzata Koldras  Krzysztof Bieniarz 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,10(5):389-398

Testosterone, 3,17-dihydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one, 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20P) and 5-pregnane-3,17,20-triol were identified as the major metabolites of [³H] 17-hydroxyprogesterone in ovarian incubations of the European catfish Silurus glanis. 17,20P and the reduced triol were present only in ovaries from fish primed with carp hypophysial homogenate (chh) while testosterone yields were significantly higher in controls than in treated fish. 11-Ketotestosterone, 11-hydroxytestosterone and 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20P) were identified as the major metabolites of [³H]17-hydroxyprogesterone in in vitro incubations of testes of a spermiating catfish. There was no significant production of conjugates or other water soluble metabolites by either sex. The stimulation of plasma 17,20P, 17,20P and 11-hydroxytestosterone by chh in primed but not control males suggests that the role of these steroids in spermiation should be further examined.  相似文献   

Vitellogenesis with special emphasis on Indian fishes     

P. Nath  R. Sahu  Sk. Kabita  D. Bhattacharya 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2007,33(4):359-366

Oocyte growth in most oviparous vertebrates including fish is due to the formation of yolk, and eggshell proteins (zona radiata proteins). Zonagenesis leads to the formation of zona radiata proteins in oocytes, which play an important role during oogenesis, whereas vitellogenesis leads to the formation of yolk in oocytes through a series of events during which the yolk precursor protein vitellogenin (Vg) is synthesized and secreted from liver into blood from where it is sequestered into the developing oocytes and thereafter proteolytically cleaved to form yolk proteins (YPs) and finally deposited in the ooplasm. Much research has been done in many fish species with respect to the number and nature of Vg and YPs and their probable functions during fish reproduction. Recent findings of multiplicity of Vg molecules in fishes reject the earlier view of a single-Vg model and have led scientists to explore the functions of individual Vg and their YP derivatives, lipovitellin, phosvitin, and β′-component. Two distinct types of Vg or Vg genes, containing or encoding the three YPs, have been detected in many teleosts. A third unusual, incomplete, phosvitin-poor Vg has been described recently in many fishes. In comparison to much of the information on vitellogenesis in many fishes very little is known for Indian fishes. In India research has been done in a few species such as the catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis and Clarias batrachus, the murrel, Channa punctatus and the Indian major carps, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala. Immunological and biochemical analyses suggest the occurrence of multiple forms of Vg and their YP derivatives. The synthesis and incorporation of Vg are regulated by gonadotropin (GTH) and estradiol-17β (E₂). A differential role between estrone (E₁₎ and estriol (E₃) has been demonstrated for Vg synthesis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for Vg have been developed to measure plasma Vg. Finally the different roles of Vg1 (HAI) and Vg2 (HAII) on vitellogenesis have been demonstrated. However, more research remains to be carried out in other fish species with respect to the number and nature of Vg and YPs and their genes in order to describe their reproductive functions.  相似文献   

Biosurfactant in Membrane Separation of Atrazine from Water     

Mayank Saxena  Rakeshkumar M. Jain  H. Brahmbhatt  Kalpana Mody  A. Bhattacharya 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2014,225(5):1-8

This study examines the effects of land use change on nitrate concentration and the abundances of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and narG-containing denitrifiers in shallow groundwater. The results reveal a general increase of nitrate in shallow groundwater following the change of land use from paddy fields to vegetable patches. Furthermore, a significant relationship between NO₃ ^?-N concentrations was observed both in groundwater and in soil at soil depths of 0–20, 20–40, 40–60, 60–80, and 80–100 cm. With regard to gene abundance in groundwater, the AOB amoA gene was most abundant and the AOA amoA gene copy numbers were lowest from the field with long-term paddy cultivation compared with the field under vegetable cultivation. The narG gene copy numbers were higher from the field under short-term vegetable cultivation compared with fields under long-term vegetable cultivation. The NO₃ ^?-N concentrations in groundwater correlated positively with AOA amoA gene copy numbers, negatively with the AOB amoA gene, but with no significant relationship with the narG gene. In conclusion, land use change from paddy fields to vegetable patches increases nitrate in groundwater, which is correlated significantly with nitrate in soil and the abundance of the amoA gene, but is not related to the narG gene in groundwater. This study also suggests that the removal of groundwater nitrate pollution is not feasible through biological denitrification without additional denitrifiers and that it might even become more aggravated because of the AOA.  相似文献   

Evaluation of MSW Compost as a Component of Integrated Nutrient Management in Wetland Rice     

P. Bhattacharyya  A. Chakraborty  B. Bhattacharya  K. Chakrabarti 《Compost science & utilization》2013,21(4):343-350

The potential of municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) was evaluated for rice cultivar, IET- 1444, during the wet seasons of 1997-99. Field experiments were conducted at the Agriculture Experimental Farm of Calcutta University, West Bengal, India using MSWC and cow dung manure (CDM), with or without urea (U), and fertilizers (F). Dry matter accumulation was highest with CDM + U, followed, in a descending order, by MSWC + U and F. Panicle length was largest and thousand–grain-weight were highest for F. Application of CDM alone gave 30% higher grain yield over MSWC but the latter, along with urea, increased grain yield by 49% over MSWC alone. Uptake of N by straw and grain was significantly higher with CDM as compared to MSWC. Percent N recovery was higher when fertilizer in the form of urea was applied with either CDM or MSWC. Uptake of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, and Pb) by straw and grain of rice was lower with the application of MSWC alone than with the other treatments except control. Uptake of Cd was below detection limit. There was no significant variation between the physico-chemical properties of soil due to the application of these treatments. Results indicated that MSWC application to rice was effective and safe to be used as an alternative organic supplement.  相似文献   

Rapid regeneration of plants of Dendrobium lituiflorum Lindl. (Orchidaceae) by using banana extract     

Shivani Vyas  Satyakam GuhaMinakshi Bhattacharya  I. Usha Rao 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009

Effects of banana extract (BE) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) were evaluated on asymbiotic seed germination and an early differentiation of protocorms and plant regeneration of Dendrobium lituiflorum Lindl. High percentage germination was achieved by culturing seeds on modified Knudson C medium supplemented with 10% (v/v) BE. Rapid regeneration was observed within 60 days of culture on 10% (v/v) BE supplemented KC medium where maximum percentage propagules showed development of leaves and root formation. Propagules on BAP supplemented KC medium showed no further development beyond one leaf stage. In another experiment, culture of shoots on 12.5% (v/v) BE supplemented KC medium led to multiplication, shoot elongation as well as vigorous rooting. Shoots cultured on 10 μM BAP supplemented MS medium showed maximum multiplication but these were stunted. Plants with well expanded deep green leaves and elongated roots from BE media were first hardened in vitro followed by ex vitro hardening on cocopeat:perlite (9:1) in the greenhouse conditions and exhibited 90% survival. The study emphasizes the role of BE as a natural additive at different stages of development from seed germination to plant regeneration.  相似文献