Gene evolution. Cannibalism and prion disease may have been rampant in ancient humans     

Pennisi E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,300(5617):227-228

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Systems biology. Tracing life's circuitry     

Pennisi E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5651):1646-1649

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Evolutionary biology. Outside agitators alter wasp behavior     

Pennisi E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5644):372

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Hemostatic changes in dogs with naturally occurring sepsis     

de Laforcade AM  Freeman LM  Shaw SP  Brooks MB  Rozanski EA  Rush JE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(5):674-679

Sepsis is a frequent source of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. The goal of this case control study was to measure hemostatic changes in dogs with naturally occurring sepsis. Blood was collected within 24 hours of admission from 20 dogs that fulfilled the criteria for sepsis. Sepsis was defined as histologic or microbiological confirmation of infection and 2 or more of the following criteria: hypo- or hyperthermia, tachycardia, tachypnea, or leukopenia, leukocytosis, or > 3% bands. Culture and sensitivities were performed on appropriate samples from all septic dogs. Twenty-eight control dogs were enrolled on the basis of normal results of physical examination, CBC, serum biochemistry, and coagulation profile. Plasma samples were analyzed for prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), fibrin(ogen) degradation products (FDP), D-dimer (DD) concentrations, antithrombin (AT) activity, and protein C (PC) activity. Data were compared between groups by chi-square or independent t-tests. PC (P < .001) and AT (P < .001) activities were significantly lower in dogs with sepsis compared to controls. Dogs with sepsis had significantly higher PT (P = .007), PTT (P = .005), D-dimer (P = .005), and FDP (P = .001) compared to controls. Platelet counts were not significantly different between groups. Ten of the 20 septic dogs (50%) died, but no association was identified between any of the measured variables and outcome. These findings are consistent with previous studies in animals with experimentally induced disease and in clinical studies of humans. On the basis of these results, further investigation of the role of AT and PC in canine sepsis is warranted.  相似文献   

Effect of dosing and sampling time on serum thyroxine, free thyroxine, and thyrotropin concentrations in dogs following multidose etodolac administration     

Ness TA  Torres SM  Kramek EA  Blauvelt MM 《Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine》2003,4(4):340-349

Thirty-eight dogs with orthopedic disorders received etodolac, an NSAID, at 10.0 to 13.3 mg/kg PO once daily for 14 to 19 days. Mean total thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (fT4), and canine thyrotropin (cTSH) values before and after etodolac administration were compared using paired t-tests. A significant (P <.05) decrease in T4 values occurred after etodolac administration with 21% of these values falling below the reference range. A significant (P <.05) increase in cTSH following etodolac administration, but none of the values was above the reference range. No significant changes occurred in mean fT4 values; however, 10% of the values fell below the reference range. In conclusion, T4 and fT4 test results should be interpreted with caution in dogs receiving etodolac.  相似文献   

Multicenter case-control study of risk factors associated with development of vaccine-associated sarcomas in cats   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kass PH  Spangler WL  Hendrick MJ  McGill LD  Esplin DG  Lester S  Slater M  Meyer EK  Boucher F  Peters EM  Gobar GG  Htoo T  Decile K 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2003,223(9):1283-1292

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether particular vaccine brands, other injectable medications, customary vaccination practices, or various host factors were associated with the formation of vaccine-associated sarcomas in cats. DESIGN: Prospective multicenter case-control study. ANIMALS: Cats in the United States and Canada with soft tissue sarcomas or basal cell tumors. PROCEDURE: Veterinarians submitting biopsy specimens from cats with a confirmed diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma or basal cell tumor were contacted for patient medical history. Time window statistical analyses were used in conjunction with various assumptions about case definitions. RESULTS: No single vaccine brand or manufacturer within antigen class was found to be associated with sarcoma formation. Factors related to vaccine administration were also not associated with sarcoma development, with the possible exception of vaccine temperature prior to injection. Two injectable medications (long-acting penicillin and methyl prednisolone acetate) were administered to case cats more frequently than to control cats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Findings do not support the hypotheses that specific brands or types of vaccine within antigen class, vaccine practices such as reuse of syringes, concomitant viral infection, history of trauma, or residence either increase or decrease the risk of vaccine-associated sarcoma formation in cats. There was evidence to suggest that certain long-acting injectable medications may also be associated with sarcoma formation.  相似文献   

Mastitis and somatic cell counts     

Berry EA  Hillerton JE  Blanshard M 《The Veterinary record》2003,152(12):375

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Antimicrobial susceptibilities of canine Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens isolates to commonly utilized antimicrobial drugs     

Marks SL  Kather EJ 《Veterinary microbiology》2003,94(1):39-45

Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens are anaerobic, Gram-positive bacilli that are common causes of enteritis and enterotoxemias in both domestic animals and humans. Both organisms have been associated with acute and chronic large and small bowel diarrhea, and acute hemorrhagic diarrheal syndrome in the dog. The objective of this study was to determine the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities of canine C. difficile and C. perfringens isolates in an effort to optimize antimicrobial therapy for dogs with clostridial-associated diarrhea. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of antibiotics recommended for treating C. difficile (metronidazole, vancomycin) and C. perfringens-associated diarrhea in the dog (ampicillin, erythromycin, metronidazole, tetracycline, tylosin) were determined for 70 canine fecal C. difficile isolates and 131 C. perfringens isolates. All C. difficile isolates tested had an MIC of or=256 microg/ml for both erythromycin and tylosin. A third C. perfringens isolate had an MIC of 32 microg/ml for metronidazole. Based on the results of this study, ampicillin, erythromycin, metronidazole, and tylosin appear to be effective antibiotics for the treatment of C. perfringens-associated diarrhea, although resistant strains do exist. However, because there is limited information regarding breakpoints for veterinary anaerobes, and because intestinal concentrations are not known, in vitro results should be interpreted with caution.  相似文献   

Protein-losing enteropathy associated with cystic mucoid changes in the intestinal crypts of two dogs     

Willard MD  Zenger E  Mansell JL 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2003,39(2):187-191

Two dogs were emaciated and hypoalbuminemic due to protein-losing enteropathy associated with a severe, focal, mucoid, cryptal ectasia of the duodenum and marked villus atrophy. In one case, diseased portions of the duodenum were obvious endoscopically and were limited to discrete, focal areas in the small intestine, with apparently more undiseased tissue than diseased tissue being present. The signs and lesions in one dog resolved after initiating combination dietary and pharmacological therapy.  相似文献   

Packed red blood cell transfusions in dogs with gastrointestinal hemorrhage: 55 cases (1999-2001)     

Waldrop JE  Rozanski EA  Freeman LM  Rush JE 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2003,39(6):523-527

Fifty-five dogs received packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusions for gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage during a 26-month period (1999 to 2001), accounting for 11.7% of the PRBC transfusions in that time. Thirty-nine (61%) dogs had an intestinal pathology (primary or secondary) as the cause of GI hemorrhage, including intestinal masses, gastroenteritis, hepatic disease, and renal disease. Nonsteroidal and steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use was found frequently in dogs with GI hemorrhage. Sixteen (39%) dogs were identified as having immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (IMT) and associated GI hemorrhage. Dogs with IMT received more transfusions of PRBC than nonIMT dogs (P<0.03) and received a significantly larger total volume of PRBC (P<0.01) during hospitalization.  相似文献