低分子有机酸对贵州黄壤龙葵吸收镉的影响          下载免费PDF全文

刘桂华  秦松  柴冠群  吴正卓  范成五 《南方农业学报》2020,51(11):2682-2689

[目的]探讨低分子有机酸对龙葵吸收镉(Cd)的影响,以期为提高贵州地区黄壤重金属污染的植物修复效率提供科学依据.[方法]采用盆栽试验种植龙葵,待龙葵生长60 d后,将不同浓度的低分子有机酸(柠檬酸、苹果酸和酒石酸)及其复合处理(柠檬酸+苹果酸、柠檬酸+酒石酸)以溶液形式加入土壤,以添加500 mL去离子水为对照(CK),1个月后收获植株样品并采集土壤样品,分析不同处理对龙葵生长及吸收转运重金属Cd的影响.[结果]柠檬酸添加量为2.5 mmol/kg时龙葵单株生物量最高,较CK显著增加6.75%(P<0.05,下同),其他处理的生物量均低于CK.3种有机酸均能强化龙葵根、茎、叶和果实对Cd的吸收,表现为苹果酸>酒石酸>柠檬酸,各部位的Cd含量表现为叶>茎>根>果实,且均在苹果酸添加量为5.0 mmol/kg时达最大值,分别为CK的1.68、1.53、1.21和1.32倍.添加2.5 mmol/kg酒石酸和5.0 mmol/kg苹果酸时龙葵对Cd的累积量较高,二者显著高于其他处理.添加柠檬酸、苹果酸和酒石酸均能提高龙葵对Cd的转移和富集能力,作用表现为苹果酸>酒石酸>柠檬酸,其中,添加5.0 mmol/kg苹果酸时龙葵对Cd的富集系数最大,为12.81.相对于单一有机酸处理,复合有机酸处理对龙葵富集Cd的能力无明显优势.[结论]添加适当浓度的柠檬酸、苹果酸和酒石酸均能提高龙葵各部位对Cd的吸收及土壤Cd从地下向地上部转移的能力,促进龙葵对Cd的转移和富集;其中苹果酸添加量为5.0 mmol/kg时,龙葵对Cd的累积量相对较高且富集系数最大,对土壤中Cd的植物修复效果最好.  相似文献   

苗后除草剂喷施时期对杂草防治及冬油菜产量和品质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王芙蓉  张建学  郭岷江  张亚宏  范提平  王亚宏  张岩  裴国平  雷建明 《作物杂志》2020,36(5):204-81

为了探究苗后除草剂不同施用时期对北方冬油菜田间杂草的防控效果及其对冬油菜生长、产量和品质的影响,以当地主栽甘蓝型冬油菜天油2266和白菜型冬油菜天油H614为试验材料,选用对冬油菜安全的苗后除草剂高效氟吡甲禾灵,设置4个喷施时期处理,于2018-2019年开展大田试验。结果表明,越冬后不同时期喷施苗后除草剂,甘蓝型冬油菜田间杂草总数较对照减少57.54%~92.56%,杂草总鲜重较对照降低75.40%~97.48%,第2时期（3月25日）处理产量较对照增加354.50kg/hm²;白菜型冬油菜田间杂草株防效和鲜重防效分别为55.91%~92.02%和37.17%~97.46%,产量较对照增加2.29%~16.77%。因此,在冬油菜大量返青但未封行前施用苗后除草剂,可显著防控田间杂草并增加冬油菜籽粒产量。  相似文献   

基于RGB颜色空间的早稻氮素营养监测研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

叶春  刘莹  李艳大  曹中盛  张丽娜  刘继忠 《中国农业大学学报》2020,25(8):25-34

针对双季稻区水稻过量施肥带来环境污染和成本提高问题,设计不同品种氮肥梯度大田试验,应用数码相机获取早稻冠层数字图像,研究不同色彩参数及早稻氮素营养指标的时空变化特征,以期确立双季早稻氮素营养预测模型。结果表明:不同品种同一氮肥处理下图像色彩参数差异不大;拔节期数字图像参数对氮素营养指标敏感;模型构建结果显示,图像参数INT与水稻氮素营养指标构建的模型决定系数(R2)最大,模型预测效果最佳,R2分别为0.895 7和0.924 7;进一步采用多元回归分析和BP神经网络分析法进行预测,预测效果均较好。对预测结果进行检验,发现品种对于模型的构建影响不大,以BP神经网络分析法构建的叶片氮浓度(LNC)模型和以INT为敏感色彩参数构建的叶片氮积累量(LNA)回归模型效果最优,而多元回归分析方法则效果不佳。早稻冠层RGB颜色空间敏感参数与氮素营养指标间相关性较好,可以实现氮素营养的无损监测诊断。  相似文献   

The efficiency of nitrogen in cattle manures when applied to a double‐annual forage cropping system          下载免费PDF全文

B. Perramon  À. D. Bosch‐Serra  F. Domingo‐Olivé  J. Boixadera 《Grass and Forage Science》2017,72(4):676-690

The use of cattle manure (CM) for fertilization presents challenges for optimizing nitrogen (N) use. Our work aimed to assess N efficiencies, in a 6‐year experiment with three biennial rotations of four crops: oat–sorghum (first year) and ryegrass–maize (second year) in a rainfed humid Mediterranean area of Spain. Fertilization treatments included the following: control (no N), 250 kg mineral N ha^?1 year^?1 (250MN), three CM rates (supplying 170, 250 and 500 kg N ha^?1 year^?1) and four treatments where the two lowest CM rates were complemented with either 80 or 160 kg mineral N ha^?1 year^?1. Treatments were distributed randomly in each of three blocks. Maximum dry‐matter yield (~44–49 t ha^?1 rotation^?1) was achieved in the third rotation, and only the control and the 170CM yielded significantly less. Within the limitations of the EU Nitrate Directive, the N steady state supply of 170CM always requires a complement of mineral N (80 kg N ha^?1) to maximize N agronomic efficiency. The maximum N‐fertilizer replacement value (250CM vs. 250MN) was 0·67, without significant differences between the two treatments in other N‐related efficiency indexes, which indicates that plants took advantage of residual‐N effects. Nitrogen losses by leaching in the 250CM treatment were around 5–7% of the N applied. This reinforces the sustainability of manure recycling in long cropping seasons.  相似文献   

Spatio-temporal pattern evolution and spatial spillover effect of green development efficiency: Evidence from Shandong Province,China     

Fuyou Guo  LianJun Tong  Limeng Xu  Xiao Lu  Yanwen Sheng 《Growth and change》2020,51(1):382-401

Improving green development efficiency is urgently required, yet challenging, since it comprehensively reflects the bidirectional evolutionary relationship between regional development and resource and environmental consumption. The issue of regional green development efficiency has become a key topic; however, where the increase in efficiency originates and its spatial spillover effect remains unclear to date. Therefore, the spatial spillover effect of the green development efficiency of Shandong Province was quantified through the slack variable (SBM)-Undesirable and Spatial Durbin model. The green development efficiency showed clear spatial differentiation in Shandong Province. This was more obvious than the polarized development trend of the provincial capital circle that has Jinan at its core and the eastern coastal region with Qingdao at its core. Green development efficiency has a significant spatial spillover effect. The regression coefficient of the direct effect of the economic development level is positive. The regression coefficient of the indirect effect of the marketization level and government financial support level is negative. Science and technology played a positive role in the promotion of the green development efficiency of local and neighboring cities. This study contributes empirical evidence to the green development efficiency associated with regional development and resource and environment consumption of Shandong Province.  相似文献   

Getting cosy in freshwater: Assumed to be brackish pike are not so brackish after all     

Kim Birnie‐Gauvin  Lasse Birch Hjrup  Theis Kragh  Lene Jacobsen  Kim Aarestrup 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2019,28(3):376-384

Pike (Esox lucius) occupy coastal streams and rivers of the Baltic Sea, where they attain large sizes (>5 kg). These large sizes are perhaps due to the fact that they can tolerate relatively high salinities and can thus forage in the nearby more productive brackish environments. In an attempt to quantify the extent to which pike utilise brackish environments, and to provide some insight into the underlying causes for brackish water migrations, we tagged 30 pike from a western Baltic river with acoustic transmitters and were able to track 21 individuals for 1 year. Based on experienced from local anglers, this population was assumed to be brackish in nature, where individuals underwent freshwater migrations to spawn. Our findings however suggest that the smallest and most active individuals make short exits into brackish waters and do so on rare occasions. Our results further indicate that neither sex nor size is related to activity level. We suggest that these patterns reflect two distinct behaviours—active and passive—and that large pike can be supported by the food availability in the river, without the need to venture into coastal zones, thus defying the conventional view that Baltic pike are all brackish in nature.  相似文献   

Whitened kernel surface: A fast and reliable method for assessing Fusarium severity on cereal grains by digital picture analysis     

Marine Ollier  Vincent Talle  Anne‐Laure Brisset  Zo Le Bihan  Simon Duerr  Marc Lemmens  Ellen Goudemand  Olivier Robert  Jean‐Louis Hilbert  Hermann Buerstmayr 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(1):69-81

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a cereal disease of major importance responsible for yield losses and mycotoxin contaminations in grains. Here, we introduce a new measurement approach to quantify FHB severity on grains based on the evaluation of the whitened kernel surface (WKS) using digital image analysis. The applicability of WKS was assessed on two bread wheat and one triticale grain sample sets (265 samples). Pearson correlation coefficients between Fusarium‐damaged kernels (FDK) and WKS range from r = 0.77 to r = 0.81 and from r = 0.61 to r = 0.86 for the correlation between deoxynivalenol (DON) content and WKS. This new scoring method facilitates fast and reliable assessment of the resistance to kernel infection and shows significant correlation with mycotoxin content. WKS can be automated and does not suffer from the “human factor” inherent to visual scorings. As a low‐cost and fast approach, this method appears particularly attractive for breeding and genetic analysis of FHB resistance where typically large numbers of experimental lines need to be evaluated, and for which WKS is suggested as an alternative to visual FDK scorings.  相似文献   

浅谈陆地棉杂种二代利用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈亮亮  张梦  郭立平  戚廷香  张学贤  唐会妮  王海林  乔秀琴  吴建勇  邢朝柱 《中国棉花》2020,47(12):1-4

棉花杂种优势利用是提高棉花产量主要途径之一。研究表明，一些陆地棉F₂仍具有明显的产量杂种优势，种子成本低廉的F2具有潜在的应用前景。本文综述了陆地棉F₂杂种优势遗传基础、优势表现以及目前生产上出现的问题，并从育种层面提出了有针对性的解决对策。  相似文献   

盐胁迫对羽衣甘蓝种子萌发的影响          下载免费PDF全文

彭妞  王琳 《现代农业研究》2020,(5):61-65

为探明盐胁迫对羽衣甘蓝种子萌发特性的影响，明确种子萌发期对盐胁迫的耐受能力，本试验以羽衣甘蓝种子为试验材料，研究不同浓度的NaCL（0、40、80、120、160、200mmol/l）和NaHCO（3 0、20、30、40、50、60mmol/l）对种子萌发胁迫的作用。结果表明:1、2 种盐胁迫处理下，羽衣甘蓝种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数等指标均随着盐浓度的升高逐渐降低；2、高浓度的NaHCO³盐溶液对羽衣甘蓝种子的胚根、胚芽的生长抑制较NaCL 盐溶液显著；3、2 种盐  相似文献   

Paternal genomotype affects female growth in a hybrid fish complex          下载免费PDF全文

Sara Carona  Maria J. Collares‐Pereira  M. Filomena Magalhães 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2017,26(4):719-721

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