Correction to: A new and simple method for measuring in situ field-saturated hydraulic conductivity using a falling-head single cylinder     

Noborio  Kosuke  Ito  Yuki  He  Hailong  Li  Min  Kojima  Yuki  Hara  Hirofumi  Mizoguchi  Masaru 《Paddy and Water Environment》2018,16(1):81-87

Paddy and Water Environment - Hydraulic properties of soil play important roles in water and temperature regimes. Measuring hydraulic properties has been studied for decades in the laboratory and...  相似文献   

Shifts in the composition and potential functions of soil microbial communities responding to a no-tillage practice and bagasse mulching on a sugarcane plantation     

Toshiko Miura  Ainin Niswati  I. G. Swibawa  Sri Haryani  Heru Gunito  Miwa Arai  Kenta Yamada  Satoshi Shimano  Nobuhiro Kaneko  Koichi Fujie 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2016,52(3):307-322

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Detection of damping-off of Cape gooseberry caused by Pythium aphanidermatum and its suppression with phosphonate     

Noriyuki Miyake  Hirofumi Nagai  Shinro Kato  Masashi Matsusaki  Hiroshi Ishikawa  Koji Kageyama 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2015,81(3):192-200

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Curious Oviposition Behavior in Phyllium westwoodii (Phasmatodea: Phylliidae): Preliminary Observations     

Mayuko Arai  Masaya Yago 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2015,15(1)

We report that in a leaf insect, Phyllium westwoodii Wood-Mason (Phasmatodea: Phylliidae), two differing apertures can be used for oviposition, the color of eggs being affected by which aperture is used. Eggs which are forcibly propelled from the internal space within the valvulae of the abdomen are brown, whereas white eggs emerge slowly from the opening between the eighth sternite and the valvulae, and are deposited close to the ventral surface of the female. This unusual oviposition system does not appear to have been previously reported in phasmatids or in other insects.  相似文献   

Refinement of rooting depths using satellite-based evapotranspiration seasonality for ecosystem modeling in California     

Kazuhito Ichii  Weile Wang  Hirofumi Hashimoto  Feihua Yang  Petr Votava  Andrew R. Michaelis  Ramakrishna R. Nemani 《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2009,149(11):1907

Accurate determination of rooting depths in terrestrial biosphere models is important for simulating terrestrial water and carbon cycles. In this study, we developed a method for optimizing rooting depth using satellite-based evapotranspiration (ET) seasonality and an ecosystem model by minimizing the differences between satellite-based and simulated ET. We then analyzed the impacts of rooting depth optimization on the simulated ET and gross primary production (GPP) seasonality in California, USA. First, we conducted a point-based evaluation of the methods against flux observations in California and tested the sensitivities of the simulated ET seasonality to the rooting depth settings. We then extended it spatially by estimating spatial patterns of rooting depth and analyzing the sensitivities of the simulated ET and GPP seasonalities to the rooting depth settings. We found large differences in the optimized and soil survey (STATSGO)-based rooting depths over the northern forest regions. In these regions, the deep rooting depths (>3 m) estimated in the study successfully reproduced the satellite-based ET seasonality, which peaks in summer, whereas the STATSGO-based rooting depth (<1.5 m) failed to sustain a high ET in summer. The rooting depth refinement also has large effects on simulated GPP; the annual GPP in these regions is increased by 50–100% due to sufficient soil water during the summer. In the grassy and shrubby regions of central and southern California, the estimated rooting depths are similar to those of STATSGO, probably due to the shallow rooting depth in these ecosystems. Our analysis suggests that setting a rooting depth is important for terrestrial ecosystem modeling and that satellite-based data could help both to estimate the spatial variability of rooting depths and to improve water and carbon cycle modeling.  相似文献   

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPase Activity and Glycogen Content in Various Fiber Types after Intensive Exercise in Thoroughbred Horses     

Yoshio MINAMI  Seiko YAMANO  Minako KAWAI  Atsushi HIRAGA  Hirofumi MIYATA 《Journal of Equine Science》2009,20(3):33-40

To find a new parameter indicating muscle fitness in Thoroughbred horses, we examined time-dependent recovery of glycogen content and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca²⁺-ATPase activity of skeletal muscle after intensive treadmill running. Two repeated 50-sec running sessions (13 m/sec) were performed on a flat treadmill (approximately 90%VO₂max). Muscle samples of the middle gluteal muscle were taken before exercise (pre) and 1 min, 20 min, 60 min, and 24 hr after exercise. Muscle fiber type composition was determined in the pre muscle samples by immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody to myosin heavy chain. SR Ca²⁺-ATPase activity of the muscle and glycogen content of each muscle fiber type were determined with biochemical analysis and quantitative histochemical staining, respectively. As compared to the pre value, the glycogen content of each muscle fiber type was reduced by 15–27% at 1 min, 20 min, and 60 min after the exercise and recovered to the pre value at 24 hr after exercise test. These results indicate that 24 hr is enough time to recover glycogen content after short-term intensive exercise. The mean value of the SR Ca²⁺-ATPase activity showed a slight decrease (not significant) immediately after exercise, and complete recovery at 60 min after exercise. There were no significant relationship between the changes in glycogen content of each muscle fiber type and SR Ca²⁺-ATPase. Although further studies are needed, SR Ca²⁺-ATPase is not a useful parameter to detect muscle fitness, at least in Thoroughbred horses.  相似文献   

Pathological and phylogenetic features of prevalent canine distemper viruses in wild masked palm civets in Japan     

Takayama I  Kubo M  Takenaka A  Fujita K  Sugiyama T  Arai T  Yoneda M  Sato H  Yanai T  Kai C 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2009,32(6):539-549

Ten wild masked palm civets infected with canine distemper virus (CDV), captured in Japan from 2005 to 2007, were histopathologically and phylogenetically analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequences of the H protein of two CDV isolates from masked palm civets revealed that the two isolates were classified into the clade of recent isolates in Japan. Histopathologically marked lesions of virus encephalitis were present in the brain, whereas gastrointestinal lesions were absent or at a mild degree. The distribution of the lesions resembles that of recent CDV cases in dogs. Therefore, recent CDV infections in masked palm civets could be caused by recently prevalent CDV in dogs. The possibility of the masked palm civet as a spreader of CDV among wildlife is also discussed.  相似文献   

Effect of glimepiride and nateglinide on serum insulin and glucose concentration in healthy cats     

A. Mori  P. Lee  T. Yamashita  Y. Nishimaki  H. Oda  K. Saeki  Y. Miki  H. Mizutani  K. Ishioka  T. Honjo  T. Arai  T. Sako 《Veterinary research communications》2009,33(8):957-970

Glimepiride and nateglinide are two common oral hypoglycemic agents currently being used with humans suffering from Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Neither drug has been tested with cats thus far and it is currently unknown whether either of these drugs exert any effect in cats or not. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of glimepiride and nateglinide on glucose and insulin responses in healthy control cats, in order to determine their potential use in diabetic cats. The intravenous glucose tolerance tests was carried out since it is an excellent test for evaluating pancreatic β-cell function for insulin secretion. Alterations in the insulin secretion pattern can be perceived as the earliest sign of β-cell dysfunction in many species, including cats. Nateglinide demonstrated a quick action/short duration type effect with serum glucose nadiring and insulin response peaking at 60 and 20 minutes, respectively. Alternatively, glimepiride is medium-to-long acting with serum glucose nadiring and insulin response peaking at 180 minutes and 60 minutes, respectively. Nateglinide’s potency was evident allowing it to induce a 1.5–2 higher preliminary insulin peak (3.7?±?1.1 pg/ml) than glimepiride’s (2.5?±?0.1 pg/ml), albeit only for a short period of time. Because glimepiride and nateglinide have a shared mode of action, no significant differences in overall glucose AUC_0-360min (24,435?±?2,940 versus 24,782?±?2,354 mg min/dl) and insulin AUC_0-360min (410?±?192 versus 460?±?159) in healthy control cats were observed. These findings may provide useful information when choosing a hypoglycemic drug suited for the treatment of diabetic cats depending on the degree of diabetes mellitus the cat is suffering from.  相似文献   

Effect of feeding rotifers enriched with taurine on the growth and survival of larval amberjack Seriola dumerili     

Hiroyuki Matsunari  Hiroshi Hashimoto  Takashi Iwasaki  Kentaro Oda  Yoshitsugu Masuda  Hitoshi Imaizumi  Kazuhisa Teruya  Hirofumi Furuita  Takeshi Yamamoto  Kazuhisa Hamada  Keiichi Mushiake 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(5):815-821

The effect of feeding rotifers enriched with taurine on the growth performance and survival of larval amberjack Seriola dumerili was investigated. Rotifers were enriched with a commercial taurine supplement at four levels (0, 200, 400, and 800 mg/l). The larvae were fed the enriched rotifers in triplicate from 3 days post-hatch for 7 days under static conditions. The average taurine contents of the rotifers were 1.5, 2.7, 4.2, and 7.2 mg/g dry matter, respectively. The growth of the fish fed rotifers enriched with the taurine supplement at 800 mg/l was significantly (P < 0.05) improved compared with that of the fish fed the rotifers without taurine enrichment. The survival rate improved proportionally up to a taurine supplement level of 400 mg/l, but no significant differences in survival were observed among treatments. The fraction of the larvae with inflated swim bladders did not vary significantly between treatments. Taurine content in the whole fish body increased with the taurine level in the rotifers. These results suggest that taurine enrichment of rotifers is an effective method of enhancing the growth of amberjack larvae.  相似文献   

Partial characterization and ontogenetic development of pancreatic digestive enzymes in Japanese eel Anguilla japonica larvae     

Koji Murashita  Hirofumi Furuita  Hiroyuki Matsunari  Takeshi Yamamoto  Masahiko Awaji  Kazuharu Nomura  Jiro Nagao  Hideki Tanaka 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2013,39(4):895-905

The pancreatic digestive enzymes, trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase and amylase were partially characterized, and changes in their activities were examined during the initial ontogeny of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica larvae from 5 to 34 days post-hatching (dph). The pH optima of the eel larval enzymes were narrower than those other fish species; trypsin activity was highest at pH 9, chymotrypsin and amylase activities were highest at pH 7 and 8, and lipase activity was highest at pH 8 and 9. In an analysis of thermal profiles, the larval pancreatic enzymes had a high optimal temperature and high thermal stability, which are typical of fish from the tropics. At 12 and 13 dph, lipase activity and gene expression levels of trypsin (-a and -b), lipase and amylase decreased markedly, suggesting a marked change in larval metabolism at that time. These data could be useful in the development of artificial larval diets in Japanese eel.  相似文献