1,25(OH)D vitamin D promotes NOS2 expression in response to bacterial and viral PAMPs in primary bovine salivary gland fibroblasts     

Boylan  Malena  O’Brien  Megan B.  Beynon  Charlotte  Meade  Kieran G. 《Veterinary research communications》2020,44(2):83-88

Veterinary Research Communications - The faecal-oral route is a predominant mode of infectious disease transmission and yet the immunology of the bovine oral cavity is poorly understood. The...  相似文献   

THE RELATIONSHIP OF HISTAMINE TO ANAPHYLAXIS IN THE RABBIT     

Dragstedt CA  DE Arellano MR  Lawton AH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1940,91(2374):617-618

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Comparative losses of British butterflies, birds, and plants and the global extinction crisis     

Thomas JA  Telfer MG  Roy DB  Preston CD  Greenwood JJ  Asher J  Fox R  Clarke RT  Lawton JH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5665):1879-1881

There is growing concern about increased population, regional, and global extinctions of species. A key question is whether extinction rates for one group of organisms are representative of other taxa. We present a comparison at the national scale of population and regional extinctions of birds, butterflies, and vascular plants from Britain in recent decades. Butterflies experienced the greatest net losses, disappearing on average from 13% of their previously occupied 10-kilometer squares. If insects elsewhere in the world are similarly sensitive, the known global extinction rates of vertebrate and plant species have an unrecorded parallel among the invertebrates, strengthening the hypothesis that the natural world is experiencing the sixth major extinction event in its history.  相似文献   

A case of bovine raw milk contamination with Listeria monocytogenes     

K Hunt  N Drummond  M Murphy  F Butler  J Buckley  K Jordan 《Irish veterinary journal》2012,65(1):13

ABSTRACT: During routine sampling of bulk raw milk on a dairy farm, the pathogenic bacteria Listeria monocytogenes was found to be a contaminant, at numbers < 100 cfu/ml. A strain with an indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern was isolated from the bulk milk two months later. Environmental swabs taken at the dairy environment were negative for the presence of L. monocytogenes, indicating a possible case of excretion of the L. monocytogenes directly into the milk. Milk samples were collected from the individual cows and analysed, resulting in the identification of L. monocytogenes excretion (at 280 cfu/ml) from one of the 4 mammary quarters of one dairy cow out of 180. When the infected cow was isolated from the herd, no L. monocytogenes was detected from the remaining herd. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern of the strain from the individual cow was indistinguishable from that originally isolated from the bulk milk. The infected cow did not show any clinical signs of disease, nor did the appearance of the milk have any physical abnormalities. Antibiotic treatment of the infected mammary quarter was found to be ineffective. This study shows that there can be risks associated with direct contamination of raw milk with L. monocytogenes.  相似文献   

Effect on the breech and tail characteristics of Merino lambs of varying the duration of application of occlusive plastic clips as an alternative to mulesing     

IB Evans  PW Lawton  E Sergeant  JB Lloyd 《Australian veterinary journal》2012,90(8):308-314

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Using a trait‐based approach to measure the impact of dam closure in fish communities of a Neotropical River          下载免费PDF全文

Ana C. Lima  Diogo Sayanda  Carlos S. Agostinho  Ana L. Machado  Amadeu M.V.M. Soares  Kieran A. Monaghan 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2018,27(1):408-420

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Effects of differing ground‐truth data,transect design and statistical analysis on the repeatability of hydroacoustic assessments of pollan Coregonus autumnalis pollan          下载免费PDF全文

Emma Morrissey‐McCaffrey  Kieran Rocks  Fiona L. Kelly  Mary Kelly‐Quinn 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2018,25(4):304-318

Pollan, Coregonus autumnalis pollan Thompson, requires an appropriate standardised sampling protocol for conservation assessments. The suitability of hydroacoustics with gillnetting was evaluated, and the effects of sampling design, effort and statistical analysis on the repeatability of results were tested. Summer hydroacoustic surveys appear appropriate as pollan were not abundant in acoustically unsampled areas. However, pollan density estimates were significantly affected by the gillnet sampling design used to ground‐truth the acoustic data. Density estimates from the >12‐ m layer were more robust to gillnet design than estimates from the 3‐ to 12‐ m layer. Estimates from different transect designs yielded some statistically significant results. Comparison of transects common to both transect designs suggests that observed differences reflect temporal changes rather than transect design effects. The reduction in the systematic parallel transect effort by half significantly affected target strength distributions but not pollan density estimates. Density estimates were affected by statistical analysis method where pollan density was highest, with geostatistical analysis providing higher estimates than the arithmetic mean. Hydroacoustic assessments may provide a reliable index of pollan abundance over time and between lakes but future research should investigate the effects of temporal and abiotic factors.  相似文献   

Effects of resistant starch type III polymorphs on human colon microbiota and short chain fatty acids in human gut models     

Lesmes U  Beards EJ  Gibson GR  Tuohy KM  Shimoni E 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(13):5415-5421

This study probed the possible effects of type III resistant starch (RS) crystalline polymorphism on RS fermentability by human gut microbiota and the short chain fatty acids production in vitro. Human fecal pH-controlled batch cultures showed RS induces an ecological shift in the colonic microbiota with polymorph B inducing Bifidobacterium spp. and polymorph A inducing Atopobium spp. Interestingly, polymorph B also induced higher butyrate production to levels of 0.79 mM. In addition, human gut simulation demonstrated that polymorph B promotes the growth of bifidobacteria in the proximal part of the colon and double their relative proportion in the microbiota in the distal colon. These findings suggest that RS polymorph B may promote large bowel health. While the findings are limited by study constraints, they do raise the possibility of using different thermal processing to delineate differences in the prebiotic capabilities of RS, especially its butryrogenicity in the human colon.  相似文献   

Myxomatosis vaccine.     

M P Lawton 《The Veterinary record》1992,130(18):407-408

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Reduced Ostertagia circumcincta burdens in milk-fed lambs     

Zeng S  Lawton DE  Przemeck SM  Simcock DC  Simpson HV 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2001,49(1):2-7

AIMS: To compare the susceptibility to parasitism by Ostertagia circumcincta of lambs fed entirely with bovine milk or weaned on to solid feed at 3 weeks of age. In addition, the effect of a single daily feed of milk on worm burdens was assessed. METHODS: Eight lambs were assigned to each of the 3 diets: milk (M), milk plus solid feed (cereal-based pellets and lucerne chaff) (MS), or solid feed only (S). Those to be fed solid feed were converted from complete milk feeding to the designated diet during their third week of life. From 3 weeks of age, all lambs were infected with 1000 O. circumcincta larvae twice weekly for 6 weeks; 4 lambs from each diet group were given normal sheathed L3 and another 4 were infected with exsheathed larvae. Faecal egg counts (FEC) and serum gastrin and pepsinogen concentrations were monitored from Day 17 after first infection, and worm burdens and abomasal pH and morphology were determined at necropsy. RESULTS: Total worm burdens and FEC were significantly lower in the M than MS and S groups, whereas there was no significant difference between those receiving sheathed and exsheathed larvae. The milk-fed lambs had a smaller reticulo-rumen and omasum and a more acidic abomasal pH. Serum gastrin and pepsinogen were increased in all groups, irrespective of diet or type of larvae used for infection. CONCLUSIONS: The cause of the lower worm establishment in lambs fed only milk was probably not failure to exsheath in the immature gastro-intestinal tract, as there were similar worm burdens in lambs whether sheathed or exsheathed larvae were administered. The lower pH of the abomasal contents of the preruminant lambs may have been a factor, as the parasites have previously been shown to die more rapidly in vitro at low pH. Alternatively, the milk itself had adverse effects on the parasites, but was ineffective when combined with solid feed. There was no benefit from feeding a milk plus solid diet over a solid diet.  相似文献