Short communication     

J.V.D.K.Kumar Rao  P.J. Dart  M.Usha Kiran 《Soil biology & biochemistry》1984,16(1):89-91

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The Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation in Mitigating Salt Stress of Pea (Pisum Sativum L.)     

Manoj Parihar  Amitava Rakshit  Kiran Rana  Gopal Tiwari  Surendra Singh Jatav 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2020,51(11):1545-1559

ABSTRACT

Salinity is one of the major threats to an agriculture production system and limits crop growth and productivity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form a mutualistic association with majority of land plants and play important role in stress tolerance. In the present study, effect of three mycorrhizal treatments, i.e., single-species AMF (Rhizoglomus intraradices), formulated AMF (Funneliformis mosseae and R. intraradices), and multispecies AMF (Rhizoglomus fasciculatum and Gigaspora sp.) along with control (nonmycorrhizal) on growth, yield performance, and metabolic changes in pea crop under salinity stress was examined in completely randomized design with four replications. The results revealed that AMF inoculation mitigated negative effects of salinity in pea due to higher nutrient uptake, accumulation of compatible osmolytes, and lower cellular leakage of electrolyte which in turn enhanced biomass production, chlorophyll synthesis, yield, and growth attributes. Overall, consortium-based application of R. fasciculatum and Gigaspora sp. was found most suitable approach to ameliorate the salt stress in pea crop and enhanced the yield by ~11%, 24%, and 54% than single-species, multispecies, and control treatments, respectively. The variation in results under different mycorrhizal treatment might be due to specific compatibility relationships that exist between symbionts.  相似文献   

Clinical and clinicopathologic features of dogs that consumed foodborne hepatotoxic aflatoxins: 72 cases (2005-2006)     

Dereszynski DM  Center SA  Randolph JF  Brooks MB  Hadden AG  Palyada KS  McDonough SP  Messick J  Stokol T  Bischoff KL  Gluckman S  Sanders SY 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2008,232(9):1329-1337

OBJECTIVE: To characterize clinical signs, clinicopathologic features, treatments, and survival in dogs with naturally acquired foodborne aflatoxicosis. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 72 dogs that consumed aflatoxin-contaminated commercial dog food. PROCEDURES: Medical records of affected dogs were reviewed. Between December 2005 and March 2006, dogs were identified as having foodborne aflatoxin hepatotoxicosis on the basis of the history of consumption of contaminated food or characteristic histopathologic lesions (subject dog or a recently deceased dog in the same household or kennel). Recorded information included signalment, clinical features, clinicopathologic test results, treatments, and survival. Data were analyzed by survival status. RESULTS: Most dogs were of large breeds from breeding kennels. No significant differences were found in age or weight between 26 (36%) survivor dogs and 46 (64%) nonsurvivor dogs. Severity of clinical signs varied widely; 7 dogs died abruptly. In order of onset, clinical features included anorexia, lethargy, vomiting, jaundice, diarrhea (melena, hematochezia), abdominal effusion, peripheral edema, and terminal encephalopathy and hemorrhagic diathesis. Common clinicopathologic features included coagulopathic and electrolyte disturbances, hypoproteinemia, increased serum liver enzyme activities, hyperbilirubinemia, and hypocholesterolemia. Cytologic hepatocellular lipid vacuolation was confirmed in 11 dogs examined. In comparisons of clinicopathologic test results between survivor and nonsurvivor dogs, only granular cylindruria (7/21 dogs) consistently predicted death. Best early markers of aflatoxicosis were low plasma activities of anticoagulant proteins (protein C, antithrombin) and hypocholesterolemia. Despite aggressive treatment, many but not all severely affected dogs died. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Serum liver enzyme activities and bilirubin concentration were unreliable early markers of aflatoxin hepatotoxicosis in dogs. Hypocholesterolemia and decreased plasma protein C and antithrombin activities may function as exposure biomarkers.  相似文献   

Identification of spider mites from Moringa oleifera using molecular techniques     

Z.P. Dube  P.W. Mashela  A.H. Abdelgadir 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(5):479-482

Moringa oleifera plants are highly nutritious and had since attracted much attention for serving as alternative crops in marginal communities in developing countries. Generally, claims abound that moringa plants are pest-free, with ISO precluding the use of unregistered products. However, moringa seedlings are often attacked by an unidentified aggressive spider mite (Tetranychus species) under humid greenhouse conditions, resulting in outright withering of seedlings, with the potential of decimating an entire moringa orchard. Thus, molecular techniques were used to identify the spider mites on moringa to the species level in order to allow for the development of management strategies. Spider mite strains from moringa and adjacent sweet stem sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) seedlings were collected and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene used for molecular identification. DNA sequences were generated and subjected to Blastn search on the National Center for Biotechnology Information database, with the neighbour-joining method used to establish the relative closeness of the test strains to Tetranychus species. Phylogenetically, the test spider mite was, Tetranychus urticae, closely related to T. urticae strains in Lineage I, which is dominated by the Mediterranean haplotypes. The derived information would allow for the development of appropriate management strategies of this pest on moringa seedlings using various products for eventual registration.  相似文献   

Copper Stress Affects Metabolism and Reproductive Yield of Chickpea     

Gitanjali Bhakuni  B. K. Dube  Pratima Sinha  C. Chatterjee 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(4):703-711

To observe the effects of copper (Cu) deficiency on growth, metabolism, and reproductive yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cv. ‘13.G-256’, plants were grown in refined sand at deficient (0.1 μM) and adequate Cu (1 μM), supplied as copper sulfate (CuSO₄·5H₂O). At d 35–40, at deficient Cu, the growth of plants were depressed and the young leaflets appeared reduced in size, chlorotic, with narrow pointed tips. The primary branches collapsed later, and secondary branches were stunted with reduced number of leaves. The flowering was disturbed, less flowers matured, as a consequence pods and seeds were reduced, malformed and low in productivity, which lowered biomass and economic yield and is accompanied by decrease in Cu concentration in leaves and seeds. The quality of seeds deteriorated at deficient Cu as the concentration of proteins, carbohydrates (sugars and starch), protein nitrogen were lowered, and phenols, non-protein nitrogen, increased. Whereas in leaves, the concentration of carbohydrates (sugars and starch), phenols, and non-protein nitrogen were elevated and protein nitrogen was reduced. Copper deficiency also alleviated the concentration of chlorophyll (a and b) in leaves. At deficient Cu, the activity of antioxidative enzyme viz. peroxidase along with that of acid phosphatase and ribonuclease increased in leaves, seeds and pod wall of chickpea.  相似文献   

A simulation model for evaluating technical and economic aspects of an industrial eucalyptus-based agroforestry system in Minas Gerais, Brazil   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

F. Dube  L. Couto  M. L. Silva  H. G. Leite  R. Garcia  G. A. A. Araujo 《Agroforestry Systems》2002,55(1):73-80

This study analyses the economic aspects of a eucalypt-based agroforestry system established in the savanna region of Brazil. In 1993,eucalypt clones were planted at a spacing of 10 × 4 m, to facilitate their future association with crops and pasture grasses. The results show that the establishment and maintenance costs represent 37% of the total costs associated with the system. More than half of the revenues are from the sale of the wood products obtained in the 11-year rotation. Variations of ±20% of the sale price of the cattle significantly affected the sensitivity analysis, closely followed by the variations of the price of wood for lumber and energy. Variations of ±20% of the establishment costs of the forest component significantly affected the economic indicators. The viability of the system is also sensitive to a slight change in interest rate. Finally, the agroforestry system adopted by the company is economically more attractive than eucalypt monoculture.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Chronic stress due to high stocking density in open sea cage farming induces variation in biochemical and immunological functions in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer,Bloch)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Narasimhulu Sadhu  S. R. Krupesha Sharma  Shoji Joseph  Praveen Dube  K. K. Philipose 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2014,40(4):1105-1113

Stocking density is an important factor in cage aquaculture of finfish. Effects of high stocking density (35 fish cubic m^?1) on a range of biochemical and immunological parameters in Asian seabass reared in open sea floating net cages were compared to fish held in relatively low density (15 fish cubic m^?1). The results revealed that chronic stress due to high stocking density induced variations in most of the parameters studied as evidenced by increased cortisol and glucose levels and decreased activity of lysozyme, myeloperoxidase and complement. Production of reactive oxygen species, total leucocyte count and total serum protein were also decreased, whereas anti-protease, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase activities were increased in high stocking-density group when compared to low stocking-density group. Effects of chronic stress due to high stocking density were discussed in relation to variations in these parameters.  相似文献   

Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers in fish genomic research and their acceleration via next-generation sequencing and computational approaches     

Jitendra Kumar Sundaray  Kiran Dashrath Rasal  Vemulawada Chakrapani  Pranati Swain  Dinesh Kumar  Arun S. Ninawe  Samiran Nandi  Pallipuram Jayasankar 《Aquaculture International》2016,24(4):1089-1102

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Growth and production of endangered Indian butter catfish,Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch) at different stocking densities in earthen ponds          下载免费PDF全文

Chandan Debnath  Kiran Dube  Neelam Saharan  Virendra Kumar Tiwari  Mrinmoy Datta  Lopamudra Sahoo  Gulab Singh Yadav  Pronob Das 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(10):3265-3275

Growth, survival and production of endangered Indian butter catfish (Ompok bimaculatus) fingerlings were examined at different stocking densities. The experiment was conducted for 8 months in nine earthen ponds having an area of 0.03 ha each. 30‐day‐old fingerling, stocked at 40 000 ha^?1 was designated as treatment‐1 (T1), 50 000 ha^?1 as treatment‐2 (T2) and 60 000 ha^?1 as treatment‐3 (T3). At stocking, all fingerlings were of same age group with a mean length and weight of 3.36 ± 0.08 cm and weight of 0.83 ± 0.02 g respectively. Fish in all the treatments were fed with a mixture of rice bran (50%), mustard oil cake (30%), fish meal (19%) and vitamin‐mineral premix (1%). Physicochemical parameters, plankton populations and soil parameters were at the optimum level for fish culture. Highest weight gain was observed in T1 and lowest in T3. Final length, weight and survival of fish also followed the same trend as weight gain. Highest specific growth rate was observed in T1 followed by T2 and T3. Feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in T1 followed by T2 and T3 in that order. Significantly higher amount of fish was produced in T1 than T2 and T3 respectively. Higher net benefit was obtained from T1 than from T2 and T3. Overall, the highest growth, survival and benefit of fish were obtained at a density of 40 000 fingerlings ha^?1. Hence, of the three stocking densities, 40 000 fingerlings ha^?1 appears to be the most suitable stocking density for culturing of Indian butter catfish in grow‐out system.  相似文献   

Improving fertilizer recommendations for Nepalese farmers with the help of soil-testing mobile van     

Sunil Pandey  Netra Prasad Bhatta  Prakash Paudel  Rajan Pariyar  Kiran Hari Maskey  Janardan Khadka 《Journal of Crop Improvement》2018,32(1):19-32

Smallholder farmers dominate agriculture in Nepal. These farmers have poor knowledge about agriculture and lack of support for soil management and integrated plant-nutrient systems. Focusing on the importance and need for soil-fertility management, a soil-testing mobile van program has recently been introduced in Nepal by Soil Management Directorate, Hariharbhawan. With the introduction of the mobile lab, famers can get their soil tested for nutrient deficiencies and fertilizer requirements at their doorsteps. Using mobile lab, spatial distributions of chemical properties, including pH, organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (as P₂O₅), and available potassium (as K₂O) were examined in soil samples taken from the 0 to 15 cm depth from selected agricultural fields in eight different districts in the mid-hills and Terai regions of Nepal. Tests conducted on 1,479 soil samples in the soil-testing mobile van revealed the following: the mean soil OM ranged from 0.01 to 1.77%; total N content ranged from 0.01 to 0.08%; mean available P₂O₅ ranged from 16.47 to 197.82 kg ha^?1; and mean available K₂O ranged from 84.3 to 422.57 kg ha^?1. For each crop to be grown, farmers were provided with individual soil health reports and fertilizer recommendations (rate, amount, and type). This program not only allows scientists and farmers to work closely and share information but also serves as a model for the nation to successfully transfer technology for improving soil health and sustainability.  相似文献