Assessing the prospects of Streptomyces sp. RP1A-12 in managing groundnut stem rot disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc     

Simi Jacob  Ramgopal Rao Sajjalaguddam  K. Vijay Krishna Kumar  Rajeev Varshney  Hari Kishan Sudini 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2016,82(2):96-104

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Characterization of population variation for fruit and pulp in Terminalia chebula (Gaertn.) Retz.     

Dushyant Sharma  Sanjeev Thakur  Suman Kumar Jha 《Agroforestry Systems》2016,90(2):361-369

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Soil Quality Assessment under Restorative Soil Management Practices in Soybean (Glycine Max) after Six Years in Semi-Arid Tropical Black Lands of Central India     

K. L. Sharma  D. Suma Chandrika  J. Kusuma Grace  G.R. Maruthi Shankar  S. K. Sharma  H. S. Thakur 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(12):1465-1475

Vertisol soils of central India are heavy in texture, with high clay content and low organic matter. These soils are prone to degradation and the soil loss is due to poor management practices including excessive tillage. Based on a long-term study conducted for improving the quality of these soils, it was found that management practice such as low tillage (LT) + 4 t ha^?1 compost + herbicide (Hb) recorded significantly higher organic carbon (OC) (6.22 g kg^?1) and available N (188.5 kg ha^?1) compared to conventional tillage (CT) + recommended fertilizer (RF) + off-season tillage (OT) + hand weeding (HW) (OC: 4.71 g kg^?1, available nitrogen (N) (159.3 kg ha^?1). Among the physical soil quality parameters, mean weight diameter (MWD) was significantly higher under LT + 4 t ha^?1 straw + Hb (0.59 mm). The practice of LT + 4 t ha^?1 straw + HW recorded significantly higher microbial biomass carbon (MBC) (388.8 μg g^?1). The order of key indicators and their contribution towards soil quality was as follows: OC (29%) >, MBC (27%) > available zinc (Zn) (22%) > MWD (9%) > available boron (B) (8%), > dehydrogenase activity (DHA) (5%). The order of the best treatment which maintained soil quality index (SQI) values reasonably good (>1.5) was as follows: LT + 4t ha^?1 compost + HW (1.65) > LT + 4 t ha^?1 compost +Hb (1.60) > LT + 4t ha^?1 straw + HW (1.50). Hence, these treatments could be recommended to the farmers for maintaining higher soil quality in Vertisols under soybean system. Correlation studies revealed stronger relationship between key indicators like OC (R² = 0.627), MBC (R² = 0.884), available Zn (R² = 0.739) and DHA (R² = 0.604) with Relative Soil Quality Index (RSQI). The results of the present study would be highly useful to the researchers, farmers and land managers.  相似文献   

Lime-Amended Semi-arid Soils in Retaining Copper,Lead, and Zinc from Aqueous Solutions     

Arif Ali Baig Moghal  Krishna R. Reddy  Syed Abu Sayeed Mohammed  Mosleh Ali Al-Shamrani  Waleed M. Zahid 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2016,227(10):372

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Evidence for two predominant viral lineages,recombination and subpopulation structure in begomoviruses associated with yellow vein mosaic disease of okra in India          下载免费PDF全文

V. Venkataravanappa  H. C. Prasanna  C. N. Lakshminarayana Reddy  M. Krishna Reddy 《Plant pathology》2015,64(3):508-518

Yellow vein mosaic disease (YVMD) caused by whitefly‐transmitted begomoviruses is an economically significant viral disease of okra. In this study, a survey of begomoviruses associated with YVMD was carried out in eight states and two union territories of India. A total of 92 full‐length DNA‐A components were sequenced and characterized. Sequence comparisons and population structure analysis revealed the existence of four begomovirus species. Two novel species were detected with several recombinationally derived genome fragments that probably originated from begomoviruses known to infect malvaceous and non‐malvaceous hosts. Among the four species, Bhendi yellow vein Maharastra virus (BYVMaV) and Bhendi yellow vein Madurai virus (BYVMV) were found to be predominant in okra, with BYVMV having a pan‐India distribution. There was evidence for a high degree of genetic variability and subpopulation structure within these four species. Neutrality tests suggested the occurrence of purifying selection acting upon these populations. The results of the current study have uncovered the diversity and genetic structure of okra‐infecting begomoviruses in India and generated potentially useful information for developing management strategies for YVMD.  相似文献   

Fatty acid composition in each structural part of soybean seed and sprout     

Krishna Hari Dhakal  Yeon-Shin Jeong  Jeong-Dong Lee  In-Youl Baek  Tae-Joung Ha  Young-Hyun Hwang 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2009,12(2):97-101

Fatty acid composition and C_18:2:C_18:3 of soybean seed and sprout is important for soy-industries to manufacture quality products. Six soybean varieties were analyzed by gas chromatography to determine fatty acid composition and linoleic to linolenic acid ratio (C_18:2:C_18:3) in seed, sprout, and their structural parts. In the case of whole seed and its structural parts, significant variation in fatty acid composition and C_18:2:C_18:3 were observed between varieties except palmitic acid (C_16:0), while all the parameters were significantly different for seed parts. Significant interactions of variety with seed parts were observed for oleic acid (C_18:1), C_18:2 and C_18:2:C_18:3. The highest saturated fatty acid, C_18:1 and polyunsaturated fatty acid were recorded in seed coat, cotyledon, and seed axis, respectively. The lowest C_18:2:C_18:3 was found in seed axis. In the case of sprout study, variety had significant effect on all the parameters observed for whole sprout, cotyledon, root, and except C_18:3 for hypocotyl. Culture days had significant effect on C_16:0, C_18:2 and C_18:3 in whole sprouts, while only on C_18:3 and C_18:2:C_18:3 in cotyledon. For hypocotyl, culture days had significant effect on C_18:1, C_18:2 and C_18:2:C_18:3, however, C_16:0, C_18:1, C_18:3, and C_18:2:C_18:3 were significantly different in root. In sprout, days and variety interacted significantly for C_16:0, C_18:3 and C_18:2:C_18:3, and C_18:1, C_18:2, C_18:3, and C_18:2:C_18:3, respectively for whole, cotyledon, and root. The significantly lowest C_18:2:C_18:3 (1.1) was observed in hypocotyl and root of Hwangkeumkong in 5 days. Knowledge of fatty acid composition and C_18:2:C_18:3 of seed, sprout, and their parts could be applicable for oil and other soy-food industries to make quality products.  相似文献   

Data modeling to facilitate internal traceability at a grain elevator     

Maitri Thakur  Bobby J. MartensCharles R. Hurburgh 《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》2011,75(2):327-336

Data management in food supply chains to facilitate product traceability has gained importance in recent years. This paper presents a relational database model to facilitate internal traceability at a grain elevator, which is one of the first nodes in a food supply chain. This approach for modeling traceability information in bulk food supply chains has not been studied in past. At an elevator, grain lots (inbound deliveries) are blended to meet buyer specifications, and individual lot identity is not maintained. As a result, an outbound shipment to a customer likely contains grain from many different sources. In a food safety related emergency, tracing the source of a problem or tracking other affected shipments would be nearly impossible. An efficient internal data management system could mitigate these problems by recording all grain lot transformations/activities, including movement, aggregation, segregation, and destruction as well as supplier and customer information. In this paper, a relational database management system is proposed that stores all necessary information, including product and quality information, related to the grain lots in order to enable product traceability. The system can be queried to retrieve information related to incoming, internal and outgoing lots and to retrieve information that connects the individual incoming grain lots to an outgoing shipment. Furthermore, this system can be used both to trace back to the source of a given lot and to track information about previously shipped lots forward. In addition to traceability application, the information stored in this database provides a comprehensive dataset for many applications including mass flow optimization, resource optimization and improved operational efficiency of the grain elevator.  相似文献   

Improving soil organic carbon pools through inclusion of summer mungbean in cereal-cereal cropping systems in Indo-Gangetic plain     

Kali Krishna Hazra  Probir Kumar Ghosh  Madasur Subbabhat Venkatesh  Chaitanya Prasad Nath  Narendra Kumar  Mohan Singh 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(12):1690-1704

Long-term effect of mungbean inclusion in lowland rice-wheat and upland maize-wheat systems on soil carbon (C) pools, particulate organic C (POC), and C-stabilization was envisaged in organic, inorganic and without nutrient management practices. In both lowland and upland systems, mungbean inclusion increased very-labile C (Cfrac₁) and labile C (Cfrac₂) in surface soil (0–0.2 m). Mungbean inclusion in cereal-cereal cropping systems improved POC, being higher in lowland (107.4%). Lowland rice-based system had higher passive C-pool (11.1 Mg C ha^?1) over upland maize-based system (6.6 Mg C ha^?1) indicating that rice ecology facilitates the stabilization of passive C-pool, which has longer persistence in soil. Organic nutrient management (farmyard manure + full crop residue + biofertilizers) increased Cfrac₁ and carbon management index (CMI) over inorganic treatment. In surface soil, higher CMI values were evident in mungbean included cropping systems in both lowland and upland conditions. Mungbean inclusion increased grain yield of cereal crops, and yield improvement followed the order of maize (23.7–31.3%) > rice (16.9–27.0%) > wheat (lowland 7.0–10.7%; upland 5.4–16.6%). Thus, the inclusion of summer mungbean in cereal-cereal cropping systems could be a long-term strategy to enrich soil organic C and to ensure sustainability of cereal-cereal cropping systems.  相似文献   

Endophytes from maize with plant growth promotion and biocontrol activity under drought stress     

V. Sandhya  M. Shrivastava  Sk. Z. Ali  V. Sai Shiva Krishna Prasad 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2017,43(1):22-34

In the present study, 39 endophytic bacteria were isolated from different crops with main focus on maize roots and seeds. Endophytes were screened for drought stress tolerance, plant growth promoting (PGP) traits and antifungal activity. Out of 39 isolates, 32 could show drought tolerance up to–1.02 matric potential (MPa) and exhibited most of the plant growth promoting traits. But, only five isolates could show antagonistic activity against plant fungal pathogens. Based on the results, 10 promising isolates namely FTR, NFTR, FMZR9, FMZR2, MZ30V92, MRC12, MRC31, MRC33, MRC41 and MRR2 were selected and identified using biochemical and 16S rDNA gene sequencing as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strains FTR and NFTR), Pseudomonas monteilii (strain FMZR2), Pseudomonas putida (strain FMZR9), Acitenobacter brumalii (strain MZ30V92), Enterobacter asburiae (strain MRC12), Sinorhizobium meliloti (strain MRC31), Pseudomonas thivervalensis (strain MRC33), Pseudomonas fulva (strain MRC41), and Pseudomonas lini (strain MRR2). Further, at–1.02 MPa all the 10 isolates showed PGP traits, and 3 isolates (FTR, NFTR and MRC12) showed antifungal activity. Thus, indicating that drought tolerant plant growth promoting antagonistic endophytic bacteria (PGPAE) helps in plant growth and disease management under drought stress.  相似文献   

Soil quality assessment under shifting cultivation and forests in Northeastern Himalaya of India     

Gaurav Mishra  Rossana Marzaioli  Krishna Giri  Rinkumoni Borah  Antara Dutta  R.S.C. Jayaraj 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2017,63(10):1355-1368

The study aimed to evaluate the impact of shifting cultivation on soil quality, in Wokha district of Nagaland, using weighted soil quality index (SQIw). Four forest sites and three sites under shifting cultivation were selected and physical (texture and bulk density) and chemical (pH, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, organic carbon, available N, P, K, exchangeable cations) parameters were analyzed. The SQIw was calculated on a minimum data set selected by principal component analysis, followed by varimax rotation algorithm and through subsequent normalization of the parameters using the linear scoring function. Significant (P < 0.05) variations in SQIw were found across the depth of the soil and land use according to severity of factors associated with land use. Three different classes of soil quality were also identified: high quality (SQIw > 0.70) for two forest soils (FS1 and FS2) and land under shifting cultivation (JH1), low quality (SQIw < 0.50), only to FS3, and intermediate quality (0.50 < SQI < 0.70) in all other soils. The approach used in this study proved to be sensitive to evaluate the soil quality, however further research is required to better understand the sustainability of shifting cultivation by including more physical, biological and chemical indicators.  相似文献