Comparison of Resistance to Tomato Leaf Curl Virus (India) and Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (Israel) among Lycopersicon Wild Species, Breeding Lines and Hybrids     

Midatharahally Narasegowda Maruthi  Henryk Czosnek  Favi Vidavski  Shlomo-Yedidia Tarba  Judith Milo  Shai Leviatov  Hagalawadi Mallithimmaiah Venkatesh  Attiganal Seetharam Padmaja  Rudrappa Subbappa Kulkarni  Venkataramappa Muniyappa 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(1):1-11

The objective of this study was to screen wild and domesticated tomatoes for resistance to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, Israel (TYLCV-Is) and Tomato leaf curl virus from Bangalore isolate 4, India (ToLCV-[Ban4]) to find sources of resistance to both viruses. A total of 34 tomato genotypes resistant/tolerant to TYLCV-Is were screened for resistance to ToLCV-[Ban4] under glasshouse and field conditions at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India. Resistance was assessed by criteria like disease incidence, symptom severity and squash-blot hybridization. All the tomato genotypes inoculated with ToLCV-[Ban4] by the whitefly vector Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) produced disease symptoms. In some plants of the lines 902 and 910, however, the virus was not detected by hybridization. The tomato genotypes susceptible to ToLCV-[Ban4] by whitefly-mediated inoculation were also found susceptible to the virus under field conditions. However, there were substantial differences between genotypes in disease incidence, spread, symptom severity and crop yield. Despite early disease incidence, many genotypes produced substantially higher yields than the local hybrid, Avinash-2. Sixteen tomato genotypes from India resistant/tolerant to ToLCV-[Ban4] were also tested for TYLCV-Is resistance at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel. Accessions of wild species, Lycopersicon hirsutum LA 1777 and PI 390659 were the best sources of resistance to both viruses. Lines 902 and 910, which were, resistant to TYLCV-Is were only tolerant to ToLCV-[Ban4] and accession Lycopersicon peruvianum CMV Sel. INRA, resistant to ToLCV-[Ban4], was only tolerant to TYLCV-Is. Implications of using the resistant lines in breeding programme is discussed.  相似文献   

Antinociceptive activity of Wrightia tinctoria bark     

Reddy YS  Venkatesh S  Ravichandran T  Murugan V  Suresh B 《Fitoterapia》2002,73(5):421-423

The ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol extracts of Wrightia tinctoria bark showed antinociceptive activity on acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice, their effects being comparable to that of acetylsalicylic acid.  相似文献   

Antinociceptive activity of Malvastrum coromandelinum     

Reddy YS  Venkatesh S  Suresh B 《Fitoterapia》2001,72(3):278-280

The aerial parts of Malvastrum coromandelinum showed antinociceptive activity in the 0.6% acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice, the effects of acetone extract (200 mg/kg, p.o.) being comparable with acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg/kg, p.o.)  相似文献   

Studies on the growth rate of the grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes) fed on two aquatic weeds and a terrestrial grass     

B. Venkatesh  H.P.C. Shetty 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1978,13(1):45-53

The growth rate of grass carp fed with hybrid napier was found to be nearly three times the growth attained with Hydrilla and about five times the growth attained with Ceratophyllum. The gross conversion ratio on fresh weight basis with hybrid napier was on average 26.99 : 1, while with Hydrilla and Ceratophyllum it was 93.98 : 1 and 128.43 : 1 respectively. The average net production of grass carp fed on hybrid napier worked out to 1579.3 kg/ha in 182 days.  相似文献   

Metabolism mediated interaction of α-asarone and Acorus calamus with CYP3A4 and CYP2D6     

Pandit S  Mukherjee PK  Ponnusankar S  Venkatesh M  Srikanth N 《Fitoterapia》2011,82(3):369-374

The present study was aimed to investigate the possible interaction of the standardized extract of Acorus calamus (AC) with Cytochrome P450 enzyme, quantitative determination of the α-asarone in the AC rhizome was performed by RP-HPLC method. In vitro interaction of the plant extract was evaluated by CYP450-carbon monoxide complex (CYP450-CO) assay. Effect on individual isoforms such as CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 isozymes were analyzed through fluorescence product formation and respective IC₅₀ values were determined. CYP450-CO assay showed moderate interaction potential. Extract showed higher IC₅₀ values (46.84 ± 1.83-32.99 ± 2.21 μg/ml) comparing to the standard inhibitors and lower IC₅₀ value than α-asarone (65.16 ± 2.37-42.15 ± 2.45 μg/ml).  相似文献   

Randomized intervention analysis of the response of the West Bear Brook Watershed,Maine to chemical manipulation     

Venkatesh Uddameri  Stephen A. Norton  Jeffrey S. Kahl  John P. Scofield 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1995,79(1-4):131-146

A paired watershed manipulation study was conducted to study the qualitative and quantitative impacts of elevated acidic precipitation on the chemistry of soils, soil water, and stream water. The Bear Brook Watershed, Maine (BBWM) is drained by two first order streams, East Bear Brook and West Bear Brook. The streams were chemically and hydrologically monitored for two years (1987–1989) and exhibited similar behavior. The West Bear watershed was then chemically manipulated with the bimonthly addition of (NH₄)₂SO₄ (150 mol ha^?1 per application). To assess whether changes in stream water chemistry occurred following the chemical manipulation, and if so when, Randomized Intervention Analysis (RIA) was performed using time-paired data from the two watersheds. RIA, along with autocorrelation analysis, statistically evaluates the behavior of the various analytes under the influence of artificial acidification and therefore provided an objective basis for determining whether changes in the geochemical behavior of West Bear Brook were temporally associated with the chemical manipulation. RIA analysis using weekly data yielded higher probabilities of stream water chemistry effects being temporally linked with the manipulation than RIA analysis using monthly data. Using monthly data, there is a lower probability that short-term excursions in water chemistry related to hydrology can be detected. According to RIA analysis of weekly data for three years of manipulation (1989–1992), the statistically-determined order of impact on water chemistry was (K⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, total Al, pH, SO ₄ ^2? , NO ₃ ^? , DOC)>Si>Cl^?. Autocorrelation analysis indicated that several analytes exhibited increasingly deterministic behavior, including SO ₄ ^2? , base cations, and DOC. Both RIA and autocorrelation analysis indicated no temporal relationship between the manipulation and hydrology.  相似文献   

Numerical simulation of the movement of the 1991 oil spills in the Arabian Gulf     

S. Venkatesh  T. S. Murty 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1994,74(3-4):211-234

The output from the modified version of a hydrodynamical numerical model developped earlier by El-Sabh and Murty (1988) has been used to hindcast the movement and dispersion of oil slicks in the Arabian Gulf during part of the period of January to March 1991. While other studies on numerical simulations of this event pertain mainly to the Al-Ahmadi spill, the present study simultaneously examines the movement of oil from not only this source but also from Mina Al-bakr and clearly delineates the impact of oil from each of these sources. The numerical model is used for computing the currents due to tides, winds and bathymetric influences. This model has only one open boundary at the strait of Hormuz where the incoming tide is prescribed. The model time step is 100 seconds, sufficient to resolve the hydrodynamical effects. However, the slick movement simulations are carried out with current fields determined at hourly intervals. The surface wind field has been computed from synoptic weather charts using the geostropic relationship, supplemented by some climatological data. The oil slick is advected by the net current as obtained above and the lateral spreading of the oil is simulated through a random walk process with an appropriate eddy diffusion coefficient. The influence of the magnitude of the eddy diffusion coefficient on the spread of the oil is examined in detail. Refloatation of beached oil parcels is also considered in the model simulations. The model simulations are compared with slick location as obtained from remotely sensed observations. The importance of real-time winds in spill movement prediction is demonstrated through a comparison with model simulations obtained with monthly mean climatological winds.  相似文献   

Effect of vaginal douching and different semen extenders on bacterial load and fertility in turkeys     

Omprakash AV  Venkatesh G 《British poultry science》2006,47(4):523-526

1. A study on artificial insemination of Beltsville Small White turkeys investigated the effect on bacterial load and fertility of vaginal douching with diluents containing Gentamicin 400 microg/ml and different semen extenders. 2. Irrespective of the extenders used, vaginal douching with Gentamicin reduced the microbial load of the vagina with resultant improvement in fertility and hatchability and corresponding reduction in embryonic mortality. 3. Eggs from hens inseminated with semen extended with Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender (BPSE) diluent along with vaginal douching showed a trend towards higher per cent fertility and per cent hatchability of total and fertile eggs set compared to other extenders, though this was non-significant.  相似文献   

H5N1 virus outbreaks in poultry in India     

Murugkar HV  Nagarajan S  Tosh C  Bhatia S  Venkatesh G  Jain R  Kumar S  Khandia R  Pandey M  Behera P  Tripathy S  Kulkarni DD  Dubey SC 《The Veterinary record》2008,162(8):255

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Lactic acid, pyruvic acid and lactate/pyruvate ratio in the Anoplocephalid tapeworm Stilesia globipunctata infecting sheep (Ovis aries)     

Venkatesh C  Ramalingam K 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,144(1-2):176-179

Lactic acid content was found to vary among the different proglottid types of the parasite. This higher amount of lactic acid might be considered as the end product of anaerobic metabolism. The pyruvic acid level of the parasitic proglottides remained lower than lactate level. The intermediary carbohydrate metabolites, viz. lactate, pyruvate and the lactate/pyruvate ratio being indicators of high rate metabolism, their levels may notably infer the metabolic status of the parasite and also the interaction between the parasite species Stilesia globipunctata and the sheep host.  相似文献