Carbon sequestration in the growing stock of trees in Finland under different cutting and climate scenarios     

Juho Matala  Leena Kärkkäinen  Kari Härkönen  Seppo Kellomäki  Tuula Nuutinen 《European Journal of Forest Research》2009,128(5):493-504

In this work the aim was to determine how carbon sequestration in the growing stock of trees in Finland is dependent on the forest management and increased production potential due to climate change. This was analysed for the period 2003–2053 using forest inventory data and the forestry model MELA. Four combinations of two climate change and two management scenarios were studied: current (CU) and gradually warming (CC) climate and forest management strategies corresponding to different rates of utilisation of the cutting potential, namely maximum sustainable removal (Sust) or maximum net present value (NPV) of wood production (Max). In this analysis of Finland, the initial amount of carbon in the growing stock was 765 Mt (2,802 Tg CO₂). At the end of the simulation, the carbon in the growing stock of trees in Finland had increased to 894 Mt (3,275 Tg CO₂) under CUSust, 906 Mt (3,321 Tg CO₂) under CUMax, 1,060 Mt (3,885 Tg CO₂) under CCSust and 1,026 Mt (3,758 Tg CO₂) under CCMax. The results show that future development of carbon in the growing stock is not only dependent on climate change scenarios but also on forest management. For example, maximising the NPV of wood production without sustainability constraints results, over the short term, in a large amount of wood obtained in regeneration cuttings and a consequent decrease in the amount of carbon in growing stock. Over the longer term, this decrease in the carbon of growing stock in regenerated forests is compensated by the subsequent increase in fast-growing young forests. By comparison, no drastic short-term decrease in carbon stock was found in the Sust scenarios; only minor decreases were observed.  相似文献   

Physiological responses to continuous swimming in wild salmon (Salmo salar L.) parr and smolt     

Erkki Virtanen  Leena Forsman 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1987,4(3):157-163

Wild salmon (Salmo salar) parr and smolt were forced to swim against constant flow (50 cm.s^–1) for 8 hours. Physiological properties describing the hormonal status, the energy metabolism and the ionic and osmotic balance of fish were measured from the fish prior to and at the end of the swimming test.Plasma cortisol levels were elevated in response to enforced swimming; the response of the smolt was clearly greater than that of the parr. Plasma thyroxine concentration increased in the parr but stayed at the initial level in the smolts. The parr consumed much of their coelomic fat, but the glycogen stores stayed nearly constant. The smolts had very low fat stores, and the glycogen stores were depleted in the test. The ionic and osmotic balance of the parr was stable in the test, but in smolts, the plasma Cl^–1 and osmotic concentrations decreased and muscle moisture increased.The results indicate that downstream migration smolts have markedly lower physiological capacity for continuous swimming than parr.  相似文献   

Transgenic barley by particle bombardment. Inheritance of the transferred gene and characteristics of transgenic barley plants     

Anneli Ritala  Reino Aikasalo  Kristian Aspegren  Marjatta Salmenkallio-Marttila  Satu Akerman  Leena Mannonen  Ulrika Kurtén  Riitta Puupponen-Pimiä  Teemu H. Teeri  Veli Kauppinen 《Euphytica》1955,85(1-3):81-88

Summary Transgenic barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Kymppi) were obtained by particle bombardment of various tissues. Immature embryos and microspore-derived cultures were bombarded with gold particles coated with plasmid DNA carrying the gene coding for neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII), together with plasmid DNA containing the gene for -glucuronidase (GUS).Bombarded immature embryos were grown to plants without selection and NPTII activity was screened in small plantlets. One plant proved to be transgenic (T₀). This chimeric plant passed the transferred nptII gene to its T₁ progeny. The presence of the nptII gene was demonstrated by the PCR technique and enzyme activity was analyzed by an NPTII gel assay. Four T₀ spikes and 15 T₁ offspring were transgenic. The integration and inheritance was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization. Transgenic T₂ and T₃ plants were produced by isolating embryos from green grains of transgenic T₁ and T₂ plants, respectively and growing them to plants. After selfing, the ratio of transgenic to non-transgenic T₂ offspring was shown to follow the rule of Mendelian inheritance. The general performance of transgenic plants was normal and no reduction in fertility was observed.Microspore-derived cultures were bombarded one and four weeks after microspore isolation. After bombardment, cultures were grown either with or without antibiotic selection (geneticin ^R or kanamycin). When cultures were grown without selection and regenerated plants were transferred to kanamycin selection in rooting phase, one out of a total of about 1500 plants survived. This plant both carried and expressed the transferred nptII gene. The integration was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization. This plant was not fertile.  相似文献   

Seed set of ulluco (Ullucus tuberosus Loz.). Variation between clones and enhancement of seed production through the application of plant growth regulators     

Leena Pietilä  Paula Jokela 《Euphytica》1990,47(2):139-145

Summary Ulluco, Ullucus tuberosus, is a tuber crop plant with a reduced ability to produce botanical seed. This paper discusses problems related to the botanical seed set of ulluco. Ten clones of this species were studied, and the number of seeds per plant was recorded. Enhancement of seed production was attempted by the application of three growth regulators; gibberellic acid, CCC, and a synthetic cytokinin, 6-benzylamine purine. Seed set ability was shown to vary between the clones, and the application of plant growth regulators did not enhance seed production. Variation in fruit weight was observed. Because of genetic variation between clones in their ability to set seed, it is proposed that there is a possibility of breeding ulluco using botanical seeds. However, methods for improving the yield of botanical seed need to be developed.  相似文献   

Stomach Ulcer as an Indicator of Stress in Farm Mink     

Mikko Harri  Liisa Nurminen  Tuula Filén 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(3):204-207

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Nitrogen and Carbon Dynamics and the Role of Enchytraeid Worms in Decomposition of L, F and H Layers of Boreal Mor     

Ari Laurén  Mari Lappalainen  P?ivi Saari  Jussi V. K. Kukkonen  Harri Koivusalo  Sirpa Piirainen  Heikki Set?l?  Tytti Sarjala  Dan Bylund  Jaakko Heinonen  Mika Nieminen  Marjo Palviainen  Samuli Launiainen  Leena Finér 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(7):3701-3719

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The structure of boreal old-growth forests changes at multiple spatial scales over decades     

Kulha  Niko  Pasanen  Leena  Holmström  Lasse  De Grandpré  Louis  Gauthier  Sylvie  Kuuluvainen  Timo  Aakala  Tuomas 《Landscape Ecology》2020,35(4):843-858

Landscape Ecology - Changes in the structure of boreal old-growth forests are typically studied at a specific spatial scale. Consequently, little is known about forest development across different...  相似文献