新疆天山某安格斯牛场安格斯牛生长发育规律分析     

朱兵山  张晓雪  魏趁  王丹  麦丹  刘圆圆  白建文  李红艳  黄锡霞  谭世新 《中国畜牧兽医》2018,45(6):1535-1542

为研究安格斯牛各体尺指标及体重间的相关关系,掌握其生长发育规律,试验采集了新疆天山某安格斯牛场出生于2012-2016年的安格斯牛生长发育记录,共649条,其中主要包括体重及体尺指标,应用SPSS 16.0软件分析安格斯牛主要体尺指标及体重的相关性。结果发现：安格斯牛体尺指标及体重均随着月龄的增加逐步增大;14月龄之前各体尺指标增长速度较快,14月龄以后增长速度的缓;腹围和胸围增长速度高于其他指标。安格斯公牛的体长指数、体躯指数、胸围指数和管围指数平均分别为111.99%、129.79%、145.26%和16.71%;母牛体长指数、体躯指数、胸围指数和管围指数平均分别为112.15%、132.01%、147.86%和16.95%。安格斯牛体重与体高、体长、胸围、腹围和管围的相关性均达到极显著水平（P<0.01）;各体尺指标两两均呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,其中,胸围与腹围的相关性最高,公、母牛相关系数分别为0.948、0.939;腹围与管围之间的相关性最低,相关系数分别为0.797和0.851。本试验结果可为明确安格斯牛选育方向,开展其遗传育种、品种资源开发利用提供基础数据。  相似文献   

不同蛋白质、脂肪水平对三疣梭子蟹生长和卵巢色素沉积的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

段青源.  麦康森  申屠基康  高前欣  杨家峰 《中国水产科学》2011,18(4):809-818

以鱼粉和豆粕为蛋白源,鱼油和大豆油为脂肪源,配制蛋白质水平分别为35％、40％、45％和脂肪水平分别为7％、9％、11％的二因子三水平的实验饲料,并以鲜杂鱼饲料为对照,对三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)(体质量36.5～42.9 g)进行为期20周的养殖实验,研究三疣梭子蟹对蛋白质、脂肪的需要量,以及对卵巢色素沉积的影响.养殖实验采用海区串笼吊养方式,每个吊笼放养1只雌蟹.实验共10个处理,每个处理18个蟹,3个重复.结果表明,不同蛋白质、脂肪水平饲料对三疣梭子蟹增重率(269.2％～404.90％)、饲料系数(2.01～2.55)、蛋白质效率(1.02％～1.29％)和肥满度(16.26％～23.97％)均有显著影响（P＜0.05）;增加饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平,可显著提高三疣梭子蟹生长,降低饲料系数（P＜0.05）.对照饲料组的三疣梭子蟹获得了最高的增重率(461.69％),但饲料系数也是最高(6.35),而且肥满度(21.15％)低于P40Lll组（蛋白质40％、脂肪11％组）.三疣梭子蟹水分、肌肉蛋白、脂肪、灰份和卵巢灰份不受饲料蛋白质、脂肪水平变化的影响(P＞0.05),但卵巢蛋白质、脂肪影响显著(P＜0.05),而且高蛋白饲料组的卵巢脂肪含量总是显著低于其他各组.在同一饲料蛋白质水平下,9％脂肪饲料组的三疣梭子蟹卵巢类胡萝卜素总量、虾青素含量和成色比色值都显著高于其他各饲料组（P＜0.05）.与对照饲料组比较,实验饲料组的三疣梭子蟹卵巢类胡萝卜素总量和虾青素含量呈显著优势.综合考虑生长、饲料系数和色素沉积,三疣梭子蟹饲料的适宜蛋白质水平和脂肪水平分别为40％～45％和9％.本研究旨在为制定三疣梭子蟹饲料配方和改善其品质提供理论依据.  相似文献   

Effects of supplementation of crystalline or coated methionine on growth performance and feed utilization of the pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei     

S.Y. CHI  B.P. TAN  H.Z. LIN  K.S. MAI  Q.H. AI  X.J. WANG  W.B. ZHANG  W. XU  Z.G. LIUFU 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2011,17(2):e1-e9

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementation of crystalline methionine or coated methionine supplemented in diets of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) on growth performance and feed utilization. Five iso‐nitrogen and iso‐caloric diets were prepared in which diets were supplemented with cellulose‐acetate‐phthalate (CAP), tripalmitin‐polyvinyl alcohol (TPA), acrylic resin (RES) coated l ‐methionine, hydroxyl‐methionine calcium (MHA) and crystalline l ‐methionine diet (MET, control), respectively. After 7 weeks, shrimp (0.81 ± 0.01 g in initial body weight) weight gain fed with MET and RES diets were significantly higher than that of the others (P < 0.05), while feed conversion ratio of shrimp fed with RES was significantly lower than the others (P < 0.05). Crude protein (as wet weight basis) in whole body of shrimp fed the RES diet was markedly higher than the others (P < 0.05). Methionine contents in muscle of CAP and MHA groups were significantly higher than those of MET group (P < 0.05). Apparently digestibility for essential amino acid of MET group was the highest except methionine. In the present study, RES coating methionine appeared to effectively improve feed protein utilization and enhance growth performance of Pacific white shrimp fed with low fishmeal practical diet.  相似文献   

Dietary administration of Bacillus (B. licheniformis and B. subtilis) and isomaltooligosaccharide influences the intestinal microflora,immunological parameters and resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus in shrimp,Penaeus japonicus (Decapoda: Penaeidae)     

Qin Zhang  Beiping Tan  Kangsen Mai  Wenbing Zhang  Hongming Ma  Qinghui Ai  Xiaojie Wang  Zhiguo Liufu 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(7):943-952

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of oral administration of probiotics (Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis) in combination with prebiotic isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO) on the intestinal microflora and immunological parameters of Penaeus japonicus and its resistence against Vibrio alginolyticus. A basal diet was supplemented with 0% probiotics and prebiotic (control), 10⁸ colony forming unit (CFU) g^?1B. licheniformis and 0.2% IMO (T1), 10⁸ CFU g^?1B. subtilis and 0.2% IMO (T2), 10⁸ CFU g^?1B. licheniformis in combination with 10⁸ CFU g^?1B. subtilis and 0.2% IMO (T3). The results showed that the total bacterial counts significantly increased (P<0.05) and Vibrio counts significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the intestine of shrimp with supplementation of dietary synbiotics. Shrimp fed the diet with both Bacillus probiotics and IMO (T3) produced significantly higher immune parameters (phenoloxidase activity, lysozyme activity and nitric oxide synthase activity and superoxide dismutase activity) than the control group (P<0.05). Significant lower cumulative mortality after challenge with V. alginolyticus was also observed in shrimp fed diet with both Bacillus probiotics and IMO (T3) than that in the control group (P<0.05). The results indicated that the oral administration of probiotics (B. licheniformis and B. subtilis) and prebiotic IMO has positive effects on bacterial flora in P. japonicus gut, and can activate non‐specific immunity of shrimp.  相似文献   

利用环境DNA技术探测南海西沙鲸类物种多样性     

麦俊晓  张帅  郑若丹  王腾  赖晓芳  蒋佩文  王文欣  陈作志  李敏 《中国水产科学》2023,30(12):1566-1576

本研究通过提取南海西沙海域水体样本的环境DNA,利用鲸类线粒体12S r RNA和16S r RNA通用引物进行扩增和高通量测序,并结合目视观测的结果探讨环境DNA技术在鲸类物种多样性研究中的应用前景。结果显示,4种通用引物在鲸类鉴定方面具有一定的有效性,利用4种通用引物在西沙海域19个站点的样品中检测到5种鲸类,分别为热带斑海豚(Stenella attenuata)、长吻飞旋海豚(Stenella longirostris)、弗氏海豚(Lagenodelphis hosei)、小布氏鲸(Balaenoptera edeni edeni)和短鳍领航鲸(Globicephala macrorhynchus),采样过程中观测到的3种鲸类分别为:热带斑海豚、长吻飞旋海豚和瑞氏海豚(Grampus griseus)。两种方法检获的优势物种一致,利用环境DNA技术检测到了未被观测到的物种。结合引物Cet-12S和Marver3的检测结果可以涵盖所有站点(n=17)和所有鲸类物种(n=5),表明针对不同基因片段的引物结合使用有利于检测效果的提高。对于检出的鲸类序列和物种数,4种引物之间不存在显著...  相似文献   

Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a putative Elovl4 gene and its expression in response to dietary fatty acid profiles in orange‐spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides          下载免费PDF全文

Songlin Li  Óscar Monroig  Juan Carlos Navarro  Yuhui Yuan  Wei Xu  Kangsen Mai  Douglas R Tocher  Qinghui Ai 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(2):537-552

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Influence of dietary lipid on growth performance and some lipogenesis‐related gene expression of tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) larvae          下载免费PDF全文

Yuhui Yuan  Songlin Li  Lu Zhang  Kangsen Mai  Wei Xu  Qinghui Ai 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(3):767-779

A 30‐day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary lipid levels on growth performance, activities of digestive enzymes, fatty acid composition and some lipogenesis‐related gene expression of half‐smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) larvae. Five isoproteic diets were formulated with graded lipid levels (6.68%, 9.84%, 13.47%, 17.89% and 21.88% dry weight) using fish oil as the main lipid source. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of 150 larval tongue sole (35 DAH, 54 ± 1 mg). Fish were fed five times daily to apparent satiation during the feeding experiment. Results showed that, the survival rate (SR) of larvae increased significantly firstly, and thereafter decreased significantly. The specific growth rates (SGR) of larvae fed the diet with 13.47% lipid were significantly higher than other treatments. Larvae fed 9.84% or 13.47% dietary lipid showed higher trypsin, lipase, leucine aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activities than other treatments, whereas amylase activity nearly showed reverse trend with them. The fatty acid composition of the tongue sole larvae was well correlated with dietary fatty acid profile. Expression of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase alpha (ACC1) was found to be slightly negatively correlated with dietary lipid level, and high dietary lipid level depressed the expressions of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase beta (ACC2) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) mRNA expression significantly, implying that larvae may cope with high dietary lipid mainly through down‐regulating lipogenesis‐related gene expression of FAS and ACC2. Besides, on the basis of SGR, the optimal dietary lipid level for larval tongue sole was estimated to be 13.56% using second‐order polynomial curve.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary chitosan oligosaccharide complex with Ce (IV) on growth,immunity and disease resistance against Vibrio splendidus of sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicas          下载免费PDF全文

Yanlong Wang  Wei Xu  Rantao Zuo  Huihui Zhou  Yang Bai  Kangsen Mai  Dongfeng Wang  Qinghui Ai 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(3):1158-1167

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary chitosan oligosaccharide complex with cerium (Ce IV) (COS‐Ce) on growth performance, nonspecific immunity and disease resistance of sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicas. Five isonitrogenous (18.6%) and isolipidic (1.1%) practical diets were formulated with graded level of COS‐Ce (0, 150, 300, 600 and 1200 mg kg^?1 dry feed), which were named as COS‐Ce/0, COS‐Ce/150, COS‐Ce/300, COS‐Ce/600, COS‐Ce/1200 respectively. Each diet was allocated to four replicates of sea cucumbers (Initial weight: 6.72 ± 0.02 g). Sea cucumbers were fed to apparent satiation once daily (19:00 hours) for 56 days. During the experiment, water temperature was kept at 16 ± 0.5°C, pH 7.8–8.2, dissolved oxygen beyond 5 mg L^?1, ammonia nitrogen below 0.5 mg L^?1 and salinity from 30‰ to 31‰. Results showed that the specific growth rate of sea cucumbers was significantly higher in COS‐Ce/600 than that in other four treatments. Activities of phagocytosis, respiratory burst, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in COS‐Ce/600 were significantly higher than that in COS‐Ce/0 (P < 0.05) respectively. On the contrary, cumulative mortality was the lowest in COS‐Ce/600 following 14 days exposure to Vibrio splendidus (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these results confirmed that dietary COS‐Ce had beneficial effects on growth performance, nonspecific immunity and disease resistance of sea cucumber.  相似文献   

Molecular cloning and characterization of taurine transporter from turbot (Psetta maxima) and its expression analysis regulated by taurine in vitro          下载免费PDF全文

Xuan Wang  Gen He  Kangsen Mai  Wei Xu  Huihui Zhou 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(4):1724-1734

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Effects of replacing fish meal with rubber seed meal on growth,nutrient utilization,and cholesterol metabolism of tilapia (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oreochromis niloticus</Emphasis> × <Emphasis Type="Italic">O. aureus</Emphasis>)     

Junming Deng  Kun Wang  Kangsen Mai  Liqiao Chen  Lu Zhang  Haifeng Mi 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2017,43(4):941-954

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing fish meal with rubber seed meal (RSM) on growth, nutrient utilization, and cholesterol metabolism of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis aureus). Five experimental diets were formulated with 0, 150, 300, 450, and 600 g kg^?1 RSM replacing graded levels of fish meal, respectively. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 25 fish (initial average weight 65.3 g) per aquarium in a rearing system maintained at 29 ± 1 °C for 8 weeks. Dietary 150 g kg^?1 RSM inclusion did not affect the weight gain and daily growth coefficient, whereas these were depressed by a further inclusion. Additionally, feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio were not affected by dietary RSM inclusion regardless of inclusion level. However, the inclusion of 450 and 600 g kg^?1 RSM decreased the mid-intestinal trypsin, lipase, and amylase activities; the hepatic acyl-CoA/cholesterol acyl transferase; low-density lipoprotein receptor; and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase activities. Similarly, dietary 600 g kg^?1 RSM inclusion inhibited the plasma catalase and hepatic glutathione peroxidase activities. These results indicated that 150 g kg^?1 RSM can be included in tilapia diets, whereas higher inclusion of RSM inhibited the growth rate, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant capacity, and cholesterol metabolism.  相似文献