Effect of elevated O3 on rhizospheric enzymatic activities of ozone sensitive and tolerant wheat cultivars     

Adeeb Fatima  Aditya Abha Singh  Madhoolika Agrawal 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(12):1768-1776

Tropospheric ozone (O₃) is considered harmful to agriculture production and soil community. Wheat cultivars HD 2987 (O₃ sensitive) and Kharchiya 65 (O₃ tolerant) were grown under ambient and elevated (ambient + 30 ppb) levels of O₃ (EO) using open top chambers, and microbial biomass and enzymatic activities were investigated in soil rhizosphere. Elevated O₃ declined soil enzymatic activities related to carbon cycling viz. β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, cellulase and amylase more in sensitive cultivar compared to tolerant. Enzymatic activities linked to nitrogen cycling like N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and urease decreased while protease and glycine aminopeptidase increased. Microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen declined more in sensitive cultivar by 11.1 and 21.2%, respectively. Root biomass reduced in wheat cultivars with an increase of their phenolics contents by 34.3 and 10.2% in HD 2987 and Kharchiya 65, respectively at 60 days after germination. Non-significant changes were observed in soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in both the cultivars. Redundancy analysis suggested that soil enzymatic activities were predominantly affected by O₃ induced changes in microbial biomass carbon and root biomass. Study also showed that rhizosphere of sensitive cultivar HD 2987 was affected more under EO as compared to tolerant Kharchiya 65.  相似文献   

In field control of Botrytis cinerea by synergistic action of a fungicide and organic sanitizer     

Fatima Ayoub  Najwa Ben oujji  Mohamed Ayoub  Athman Hafidi  Rachid Salghi  Shehdeh Jodeh 《农业科学学报》2018,17(6):1401-1408

A new Integrated Pest Management program based on the combination of synthetic pesticide with a GRAS(generally recognized as safe)-classified sanitizer for the control of Botrytis cinerea in field conditions was described. The aim behind this research was to determine whether the use of this mixture would enhance the efficiency of pesticides while decreasing the recommended dose. Naturally infected tomato plants, grown in the greenhouse, were treated with two commonly used fungicides SWITCH(Syngenta, Switzerland) and SIGNUM(BASF, Germany) each alone or combined with a commercially available organic sanitizer PERACLEAN?5(Evonik Industries, Germany). A total of 27 treatments were tested consisting of three concentrations of synthetic fungicide(×1, ×1/2 and ×1/4 of the recommended dose) either applied separately or combined with three concentrations of the tested sanitizer(0.5, 1 and 1.5%). The control efficacy achieved by the fungicides applied alone ranged between 0 and 66.7% while all fungicide-sanitizer mixtures resulted in up to 70% control of grey mould. The treatment that provides the maximum control of B. cinerea was the result mixture of ×1/4 of the recommended concentration of SWITCH(15 g L~(–1)) with 0.5% of PERACLEAN~?5. This combination suppressed 85% of grey mold infections while decreasing the usually used amount of this pesticide by 75%, reducing therefore the well known negative impacts of chemical pesticides on environment and consumers health.  相似文献   

The Role of Biodegradable Engineered Nanofiber Scaffolds Seeded with Hair Follicle Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering     

Leila Beigom Hejazian  Banafshe Esmaeilzade  Fatima Moghanni Ghoroghi  Fatemeh Moradi  Marzieh Beigom Hejazian  Anahita Aslani  Mehrdad Bakhtiari  Masoud Soleimani  Maliheh Nobakht 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2012,16(4):193-201

Background

The aim of this study was to fabricate the poly caprolactone (PCL) aligned nanofiber scaffold and to evaluate the survival, adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of rat hair follicle stem cells (HFSC) in the graft material using electrospun PCL nanofiber scaffold for tissue engineering applications.

Methods

The bulge region of rat whisker was isolated and cultured in DMEM: nutrient mixture F-12 supplemented with epidermal growth factor. The morphological and biological features of cultured bulge cells were observed by light microscopy using immunocytochemistry methods. Electrospinning was used for production of PCL nanofiber scaffolds. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 3-(4, 5-di-methylthiazol- 2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and histology analysis were used to investigate the cell morphology, viability, attachment and infiltration of the HFSC on the PCL nanofiber scaffolds.

Results

The results of the MTT assay showed cell viability and cell proliferation of the HFSC on PCL nanofiber scaffolds. SEM microscopy images indicated that HFSC are attached, proliferated and spread on PCL nanofiber scaffolds. Also, immunocytochemical analysis showed cell infiltration and cell differentiation on the scaffolds.

Conclusion

The results of this study reveal that PCL nanofiber scaffolds are suitable for cell culture, proliferation, differentiation and attachment. Furthermore, HFSC are attached and proliferated on PCL nanofiber scaffolds.Key Words: Nanofiber, Electrospinning, Stem cells, Tissue engineering  相似文献   

In situ and laboratory non-additive litter mixture effect on C dynamics of Sphagnum rubellum and Molinia caerulea litters     

Sébastien Gogo  Fatima Laggoun-Défarge  Fatima Merzouki  Stéphane Mounier  Audrey Guirimand-Dufour  Nevila Jozja  Arnaud Huguet  Frédéric Delarue  Christian Défarge 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2016,16(1):13-27

  相似文献   

Cornstarch and tannin in phenol–formaldehyde resins for plywood production     

Amine Moubarik  Antonio Pizzi  Ahmed Allal  Fatima Charrier  Bertrand Charrier 《Industrial Crops and Products》2009,30(2):188-193

The aim of this work is to demonstrate the performances of cornstarch–quebracho tannin-based resins designed as adhesive in the plywood production. In this way, the cornstarch and quebracho tannin was introduced in the classic adhesive formulation in order to supply a part of phenol–formaldehyde (PF). The physical properties (rheological characterization, thermogravimetric analysis and solid phase ¹³C NMR analysis) of the formulated resins were measured. In order to evaluate the mechanical performances of optimal cornstarch–quebracho tannin-based resins, plywood panels were produced and mechanical properties were investigated. These mechanical properties included tensile strength, wood failure and 3-point bending strength. The performance of these panels is comparable to those of plywood panels commercial PF made.The results showed that plywood panels bonded with cornstarch–quebracho tannin–PF resins (15:5:80, w/w/w) exhibited better mechanical properties than plywood panels commercial PF made. The introduction of small proportions of cornstarch and quebracho tannin in PF resins contributes to the improvement of the boiling water performance of these adhesives. The formaldehyde emission levels obtained from panels bonded with cornstarch–quebracho tannin–PF were lower to those obtained from panels bonded with control PF. Solid state CPMAS NMR spectra indicates that no reaction at all between PF resins and cornstarch and quebracho tannin. Even when reaction does evidently not occur, the addition of cornstarch and quebracho tannin improves markedly the water resistance of PF resins.  相似文献   

Monitoring tourism schooners observing estuarine dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) in the Estuarine Complex of Cananéia,south‐east Brazil     

Gislaine de Fatima Filla  Emygdio Leite de Araujo Monteiro‐Filho 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2009,19(7):772-778

• 1. Surveys were carried out between December 2004 and March 2006 on board tourism schooners to detect possible impacts due to tourist activities on estuarine dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) in the Estuarine Complex of Cananéia.
• 2. The estuarine dolphins exhibited different reactions according to the different periods of time that the boats remained close to them: the longer the period, the estuarine dolphins reacted less negatively, and for periods between 2 and 30 min, more positive reactions were observed.
• 3. Estuarine dolphin reactions also varied according to the different procedures followed by the skippers. The approach methods considered ‘correct’ resulted in a positive reaction from 97% of the animals encountered and 100% of occasions where there were no apparent reactions.
• 4. Direct approaches to within less than 50 m were responsible for a large number of negative reactions from the estuarine dolphins. Procedures classified as ‘chasing’ and ‘direct approach with no intention of stopping’ had a 100% negative reaction. If the skippers used a correct approach, estuarine dolphins reacted positively or did not show any reaction.

Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

LTSER platforms as a place-based transdisciplinary research infrastructure: learning landscape approach through evaluation     

Angelstam  Per  Manton  Michael  Elbakidze  Marine  Sijtsma  Frans  Adamescu  Mihai Cristian  Avni  Noa  Beja  Pedro  Bezak  Peter  Zyablikova  Iryna  Cruz  Fatima  Bretagnolle  Vincent  Díaz-Delgado  Ricardo  Ens  Bruno  Fedoriak  Mariia  Flaim  Giovanna  Gingrich  Simone  Lavi-Neeman  Miri  Medinets  Sergey  Melecis  Viesturs  Muñoz-Rojas  Jose  Schäckermann  Jessica  Stocker-Kiss  Andrea  Setälä  Heikki  Stryamets  Natalie  Taka  Maija  Tallec  Gaelle  Tappeiner  Ulrike  Törnblom  Johan  Yamelynets  Taras 《Landscape Ecology》2019,34(7):1461-1484

Landscape Ecology - Place-based transdisciplinary research involves multiple academic disciplines and non-academic actors. Long-Term Socio-Ecological Research (LTSER) platform is one concept with ~...  相似文献   

Quantification of the impacts of climate warming and crop management on canola phenology in Punjab,Pakistan          下载免费PDF全文

S. Ahmad  G. Abbas  Z. Fatima  R. J. Khan  M. A. Anjum  M. Ahmed  M. A. Khan  C. H. Porter  G. Hoogenboom 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2017,203(5):442-452

Yield is influenced by the length of the growing season, which is affected by weather conditions and management practices of a crop, including sowing dates and shifting of cultivars. It is necessary to understand the effects of agronomic management practices and weather variables on phenological stages and crop phases in order to develop strategies for adaptation of agricultural systems to changes in climatic conditions. The goal of this study was to determine the impact of warming trends on phenology of canola from 1980 to 2014 for central and southern Punjab, Pakistan. Sowing, emergence, anthesis and physiological maturity dates were delayed by an average of 6.02, 3.14, 3.31 and 1.89 days per decade, respectively. The duration of sowing to anthesis, sowing to physiological maturity and anthesis to physiological maturity phases decreased an average 2.71, 4.13 and 1.42 days per decade, respectively, for all 10 locations that were analysed in this study. The sowing, emergence, anthesis and physiological maturity dates were positively correlated with an increase in temperature by an average 2.71, 1.41, 1.49 and 0.85 days per °C, respectively. However, the phenological phases such as sowing to anthesis, anthesis to maturity and sowing to maturity were negatively correlated with an increase in temperature by an average of 1.22, 0.64 and 1.86 days per °C, respectively, for all 10 locations. Applying a process‐based CSM‐CROPGRO‐Canola model using a standard cultivar (field tested) for all locations and years indicated that the simulated phenological stages occurred earlier due to the warming trend compared to the observed phenological stages. One‐quarter of the negative effects of this thermal trend was compensated by growing new cultivars that had higher thermal time requirements. Therefore, new canola genotypes with a higher number of growing degree day requirement and high temperature tolerance should be a priority for evolving new cultivars.  相似文献   

Clinicopathological investigation on caseous lymphadenitis in local breed sheep in Algeria     

Mira Chikhaoui  Fatima Benchaib Khoudja 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(7):1641-1643

This study was carried out of 4,419 animals raised in an extensive system on local breed sheep of the Tiaret region during 2 years (2010–2011) to determine some clinical and pathological aspects associated to caseous lymphadenitis (CL). Clinical examination revealed a prevalence rate of 5.7 %. CL prevalence rate was significantly higher in females (6 %) than in males (4.8 %). The most affected superficial lymph nodes were mandibular lymph nodes (46.1 %). Gross examination of 1,679 carcasses of sheep at the abattoir revealed the presence of abscesses on 250 carcasses (14.9 %). Out of 105 cases showing lesions of CL, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (53.6 %) was isolated as mixed infection with Staphylococcus aureus (43 %) and Escherechia coli (17.9 %). CL prevalence was significantly higher in adult than in young sheep and in female than in male ones. Visceral form of CL was associated to “thin ewe syndrome” responsible for significant economic losses in Algeria.  相似文献   

A micropropagation system for cloning of Bambusa tulda Roxb.     

Yogeshwar Mishra  Pradeep Kumar PatelSuman Yadav  Fatima ShirinS.A. Ansari 《Scientia Horticulturae》2008

The communication describes standardization of an efficient in vitro propagation and hardening procedure for obtaining plantlets from field grown culms of Bambusa tulda. Administration for 10 min of 0.05 and 0.1% mercuric chloride to explants collected in winter and summer seasons, respectively facilitated optimum culture establishment and bud break. 0.1–0.2% mercuric chloride in rainy season enhanced aseptic culture establishment but inhibited bud break due to toxicity to explants. MS liquid medium enriched with 100 μM glutamine, 0.1 μM indole-3-acetic acid and 12 μM 6-benzylaminopurine supported maximum in vitro shoot multiplication rate of two-fold. The proliferated shoots were successfully rooted on MS liquid medium supplemented with 40 μM coumarin resulting in a maximum of 98% rooting. The procedure requires 45 days cycle for the in vitro clonal propagation (15 days for shoot multiplication and 30 days for root induction) and 80 days for acclimatized plantlet production.  相似文献