Development of fine-leaved Festuca grass populations identifies genetic resources having improved forage production with potential for wildfire control in the western United States     

Matthew D. Robbins  Jack E. Staub  B. Shaun Bushman 《Euphytica》2016,207(2):377-385

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First exploration of parasitoids of Drosophila suzukii in South Korea as potential classical biological agents     

Kent M. Daane  Xin-Geng Wang  Antonio Biondi  Betsey Miller  Jeffrey C. Miller  Helmut Riedl  Peter W. Shearer  Emilio Guerrieri  Massimo Giorgini  Matthew Buffington  Kees van Achterberg  Yoohan Song  Taegun Kang  Hoonbok Yi  Chuleui Jung  Dong Woon Lee  Bu-Keun Chung  Kim A. Hoelmer  Vaughn M. Walton 《Journal of pest science》2016,89(3):823-835

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Risk factors for race-associated sudden death in Thoroughbred racehorses in the UK (2000-2007)     

Lyle CH  Blissitt KJ  Kennedy RN  Mc Gorum BC  Newton JR  Parkin TD  Stirk A  Boden LA 《Equine veterinary journal》2012,44(4):459-465

Reasons for performing study: Sudden death adversely affects racehorse welfare, jockey safety and the public perception of horseracing. Objective: To describe the risk of racing‐associated sudden death in Thoroughbred racehorses in the UK from 2000 to 2007, to identify whether there were risk factors uniquely associated with sudden death and to improve the understanding of the pathogenesis of racing‐associated sudden death by identification of risk factors for such cases. Methods: A sudden death was defined as an acute collapse and death, in an apparently healthy Thoroughbred racehorse, during or immediately after racing, in the absence of clinical data indicative of a catastrophic orthopaedic injury. The retrospective study included 201 case race starts and 705,712 control race starts. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify risk factors for sudden death at any one start. Results: In the multivariable model, age, distance, race type, season and number of starts in the 60 days prior to the race were associated with sudden death. Conclusions: The risk factors identified in this study are not uniquely associated with sudden death and have been also been identified in studies using all causes of fatality as the outcome. These data suggest that a generic approach to reduce fatal musculoskeletal injury and sudden death may be possible. Potential relevance: The identification of risk factors allows speculation on the underlying mechanisms of sudden death in racing. This may stimulate hypothesis‐led investigations into the pathogenesis of exercise‐related arrhythmias, exercise‐induced pulmonary haemorrhage and blood vessel rupture. See also correspondence by Cook  相似文献   

Contagious equine metritis organism confirmed in Gloucestershire     

Ricketts S  Crowhurst J  Newton R  Gibbens N 《The Veterinary record》2012,170(15):398

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Application of principal component and discriminant analyses to morpho-structural indices of indigenous and exotic chickens raised under intensive management system     

Ajayi OO  Adeleke MA  Sanni MT  Yakubu A  Peters SO  Imumorin IG  Ozoje MO  Ikeobi CO  Adebambo OA 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(6):1247-1254

The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationships between body weight and morpho-structural indices to predict body weight from their orthogonal body shape characters using principal component analysis and to morphologically classify the chicken genotypes using multivariate discriminant analysis. Data used were from 273 randomly selected 12-weeks-old indigenous chickens of normal-feathered (NF), frizzle-feathered (FF), naked-neck (NN) and Anak Titan (AT) genotypes. Phenotypic correlation among body weight and most biometric traits ranged from 0.227-0.876, -0.7-0.901, 0.034-0.968 and -0.207-0.849 for NF, NN and AT chickens, respectively. Factor analysis with varimax rotation of interrelated traits revealed three principal components which accounted for 83.1%, 74.4%, 78.8% and 76.5% of the total variance in NF, FF, NN and AT chickens in the order listed. Breast girth, keel length, thigh length, shank length and wing length were found to be the most discriminating variables to separate the chicken genotypes. The longest distance (72.54) occurred between AT and NF genotypes while the shortest distance (4.27) was recorded for FF and NN genotypes. Classification results showed that 85.2% of AT genotype was correctly classified into their source population. However, 22.7% of NF was misclassified as NN, while 33.3% of NN was misclassified as NF chickens. These results suggest that there is high rate of gene flow between these two indigenous chicken genotypes. Information obtained from this study may be considered useful in breed improvement programmes for selection, characterization, conservation and better management of Nigerian indigenous chickens.  相似文献   

Survival after surgery for tracheal collapse and the effect of intrathoracic collapse on survival     

Becker WM  Beal M  Stanley BJ  Hauptman JG 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2012,41(4):501-506

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Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus spp and Staphylococcus spp isolated from surfaces in a veterinary teaching hospital     

Hamilton E  Kaneene JB  May KJ  Kruger JM  Schall W  Beal MW  Hauptman JG  DeCamp CE 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2012,240(12):1463-1473

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Assessment of fracture healing after minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis or open reduction and internal fixation of coexisting radius and ulna fractures in dogs via ultrasonography and radiography     

A Pozzi  M Risselada  MD Winter 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2012,241(6):744-753

Objective-To evaluate fracture healing after minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) or open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of coexisting radius and ulna fractures in dogs via ultrasonography and radiography. Design-Prospective cohort study. Animals-16 dogs with radius-ulna fractures that underwent MIPO (n = 9; 2 dogs were subsequently not included in the analyses because of incomplete follow-up information) or ORIF (7). Procedures-Dogs in the 2 treatment groups were matched by age, body weight, and configuration of the fractures. Fracture healing was evaluated with ultrasonography, power Doppler ultrasonography, and radiography every 3 to 4 weeks until healing was complete; a semiquantitative score based on the number of Doppler signals was used to characterize neovascularization, and subjective B-mode ultrasonographic and radiographic scores were assigned to classify healing. Results-Fractures in dogs that underwent MIPO healed in significantly less time than did fractures in dogs that underwent ORIF (mean ± SD; 30 ± 10.5 days and 64 ± 10.1 days, respectively). Radiography revealed that fractures in dogs that underwent MIPO healed with significantly more callus formation than did fractures in dogs that underwent ORIF. Although Doppler ultrasonography revealed abundant vascularization in fractures that were healing following MIPO, no significant difference in neovascularization scores was found between groups. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-For dogs with radius-ulna fractures, data indicated that bridging osteosynthesis combined with a minimally invasive approach contributed to rapid healing after MIPO. The MIPO technique may offer some clinical advantage over ORIF, given that complete radius-ulna fracture healing was achieved in a shorter time with MIPO.  相似文献   

Risk factors for equine laminitis: a systematic review with quality appraisal of published evidence     

Wylie CE  Collins SN  Verheyen KL  Newton JR 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2012,193(1):58-66

Epidemiological studies into the risk factors for naturally-occurring equine laminitis are limited. There are a small number of such studies, although the results are inconsistent and remain disputed. The reasons for the conflicting results remain unclear. The aim of this review was to critically evaluate previous research in order to identify publications which provide the best evidence of risk factors for naturally-occurring equine laminitis. A systematic review of English language publications was conducted using MEDLINE (1950-2010), CAB Direct (1910-2010) and IVIS (1997-2010). Additional publications were included by searching bibliographies. Search terms included laminitis, equine, risk factors and epidemiology. Publications which compared a case population to a control population and made inferences about parameters as risk factors for naturally-occurring equine laminitis were included. Information was extracted using predefined data fields, including 18 study quality indicators. In total, 17 publications were fully appraised. Six were considered to provide the most reliable information about risk factors for naturally-occurring laminitis. Information on signalment was well researched and there was good evidence for an association with chronic laminitis and increasing age. There remain inconsistent results for many other horse-level risk factors including gender, breed and bodyweight. Previous publications estimating risk factors for equine laminitis were of reasonable quality, although they were limited in the number and scope of the risk factors studied. High-quality, evidence-based studies are needed to identify further risk factors and to establish consensus over previously identified risk factors for different equine populations.  相似文献   

The effects of increased testicular temperature on testis-specific isoform of Na+/K+ -ATPase in sperm and its role in spermatogenesis and sperm function     

JC Thundathil  GD Rajamanickam  JP Kastelic  LD Newton 《Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene》2012,47(Z4):170-177

Impaired testicular thermoregulation is commonly implicated in abnormal spermatogenesis and impaired sperm function in animals and humans, with outcomes ranging from subclinical infertility to sterility. Bovine testes must be maintained 4-5 °C below body-core temperature for normal spermatogenesis. The effects of elevated testicular temperature have been extensively studied in cattle using a scrotal insulation model, which results in abnormal spermatogenesis and impaired sperm morphology and function. Using this model and proteomic approaches, we compared normal and abnormal sperm (from the same bulls) to elucidate the molecular basis of impaired function. We identified a cohort of sperm functional proteins differentially expressed between normal vs abnormal sperm, including a testis-specific isoform of Na(+) /K(+) -ATPase. In addition to its role as a sodium pump regulating sperm motility, Na(+) /K(+) -ATPase is also involved as a signalling molecule during sperm capacitation. In conclusion, because of its involvement in regulation of sperm function, this protein has potential as a fertility marker. Furthermore, comparing normal vs abnormal sperm (induced by scrotal insulation) is a useful model for identifying proteins regulating sperm function.  相似文献