Hematological and Biochemical Profiles in Peripartum Mares and Neonatal Foals (Heavy Draft Horse)     

Takahiro Aoki  Mitsuo Ishii  DVM  PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2012

Peripartum mares and neonatal foals are physiologically unstable. Although hormonal changes around the parturition have been well studied in the field of endocrinology, hematological and biochemical changes have been studied little. The purpose of this study was to examine hematological and biochemical changes in peripartum mares and neonatal foals (n = 23; heavy draft horse). The number of white and red blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, platelet count in peripheral whole blood, and the concentration of glucose, nonesterified fatty acid, total cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, albumin, globulin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, iron, calcium, inorganic phosphate, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and chlorine in serum were measured. The main changes observed in peripartum mares suggested the following: (1) dehydration at the foaling, (2) physical stress by the foaling, (3) muscle damage by the foaling, and (4) change of energy metabolism associated with the beginning of lactation. The main changes observed in neonatal foals suggested the following: (1) dehydration (hemoconcentration) at the birth, (2) intake of colostrum, (3) beginning of urination, (4) functional change of hematopoiesis, (5) change of liver metabolism associated with the beginning of enteral nutrition, and (6) change of milk composition. This study revealed hematological and biochemical dynamics in peripartum mares and neonatal foals.  相似文献   

Analysis of genetic diversity among European and Asian fig varieties (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ficus carica</Emphasis> L.) using ISSR,RAPD, and SSR markers     

Hidetoshi Ikegami  Hitoshi Nogata  Keita Hirashima  Mitsuo Awamura  Takao Nakahara 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2009,56(2):201-209

Nineteen fig varieties and lines from Europe and Asia have been fingerprinted by ISSR, RAPD, and SSR markers, respectively, using 13, 19, and 13 primer combinations. All primers produced 258 loci, with the highest number of loci (119) generated by RAPD (R _p: 48.42). Clustering analysis was applied to the three marker datasets to elucidate the genetic structure and relationships among these varieties. Mean genetic similarities were 0.787, 0.717, and 0.749, respectively, as determined using ISSR, RAPD, and SSR. Each marker system produced incompletely separated clusters, although a weak binding group based on race type appeared in the combined dataset. Comparisons of coefficients revealed no correlation between different similarity matrices; congruence was observed between similarity matrices and co-phenetic matrices in all markers. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that most of the total polymorphism was attributable to within-group variance (ISSRs + RAPDs, 97.41%; SSRs, 90.18%). These results suggest that the genetic diversity of this fig population is low and that multiple marker utilization is critical to estimate the relatedness of figs at the variety level. Additionally, it was presumed that ‘Houraihi’, the oldest variety in Japan, was disseminated independently of other foreign varieties in the 17th century or before then.  相似文献   

Novel polymorphism of the canine dopamine receptor D4 gene intron II region     

Hidetoshi NARA  Miho INOUE-MURAYAMA  Akiko KOSHIMURA  Akinori SUGIYAMA  Yuichi MURAYAMA  Masami MAEJIMA  Yuko UEDA  Hideyuki ITO  Ettore RANDI  Heui-Soo KIM  Ji-Hong HA  Hitoshi KITAGAWA  Yukari TAKEUCHI  Yuji MORI  Toshiroh IWASAKI  Mitsuo MORITA  Katuaki ÔTA  Shin'ichi ITO 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(1):81-86

Various dog breeds are remarkably different from each other not only in their sizes and shapes but also in behavioral traits, suggesting that some of these characteristics are under genetic control. However, little is known about genes related to behavioral traits in canine species. In humans, it has been reported that the dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4) includes polymorphism at several regions that relate to personality or psychiatric disorders. In an earlier study by the authors of the present study, the polymorphisms in canine DRD4 exon III and exon I regions were reported. In the present study, a novel polymorphism in canine DRD4 intron II was found based on a 17 base pair insertion/deletion, and the two alleles detected were named P (shorter allele) and Q (longer allele). The allelic distribution in 28 breeds of dog, including a total of 1114 unrelated individuals, were then investigated. Both P and Q alleles were detected in most of the breeds investigated; however, the frequencies of P and Q differed greatly between breeds. With respect to classification based on breed origin, P and Q alleles were frequent in Occidental and Oriental breeds, respectively. Furthermore, two subspecies of wolves, the ancestors of dogs, were analyzed for the comparison of allele frequencies with dogs, and the P allele was predominant in both European and Chinese wolves.  相似文献   

Allele frequency distribution of the canine dopamine receptor D4 gene exon III and I in 23 breeds     

Ito H  Nara H  Inoue-Murayama M  Shimada MK  Koshimura A  Ueda Y  Kitagawa H  Takeuchi Y  Mori Y  Murayama Y  Morita M  Iwasaki T  Ota K  Tanabe Y  Ito S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(7):815-820

Various canine breeds are remarkably different from each other not only in their sizes and shapes but also in behavioral traits, suggesting that some of them are under genetic control. Although dopaminergic neurotransmission system is considered to affect animal behavior, little is known about related genes in canine. Relations between specific alleles in polymorphic regions of the dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4) and personality or psychiatric disorders have been reported in humans, and we first found polymorphism in exon III region of the gene in 4 canine breeds. In this study we surveyed allele frequency distribution in 23 breeds including a total of 1,535 unrelated individuals. In exon III, 8 alleles including a novel allele were identified. A group of breeds in which the alleles 447b, 498 and 549 were frequent tended toward high scores in aggression-related behavioral traits than that with frequent alleles 435 and 447a. Moreover, a polymorphism based on 24 bp insertion/deletion was found in exon I region for the first time in dogs. This information may be of use for candidate gene studies of behavioral variation in dogs.  相似文献   

The effect of a new setting agent for wool     

Masukuni Mori  Mitsuo Matsudaira 《Fibers and Polymers》2009,10(2):185-192

Pleated wool fabrics were prepared by the treatment with ethylenediamine (EDA) at 90°C for 30 min. The degree of set, tensile property and dyeing of the treated fabrics have been discussed in relation to the concentration of EDA in the treatment system. No significant decreases in tensile strength and elongation, and great increases of exhaustion of synthetic and natural dyes were observed. Pleat and flat set were successfully attained in a wide range of the concentration of EDA. Excellent dyeability and setability of the fabrics obtained were considered to be associated with the existence of new crosslink, β-N-(2-aminoethyl)alanino-β-aminoalanine and the pendant group, β-N-(2-aminoethyl) aminoalanine produced by the reaction of EDA with dehydroalanine intermediate.  相似文献   

New Selective Medium for Isolation of Burkholderia glumae from Rice Seeds     

Mitsuo KAWARADANI  Kiyotsugu OKADA  Shin'ichi KUSAKARI 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2000,66(3):234-237

A new selective medium for Burkholderia glumae was developed, which has a simpler composition and greater selectivity compared to Tsushima's S-PG medium currently used. This selective medium, designated CCNT, contains 2 g of yeast extract, 1 g of polypepton, 4 g of inositol, 10 mg of cetrimide, 10 mg of chloramphenicol, 1 mg of novobiocin, 100 mg of chlorotharonil and 18 g of agar in 1000 ml of distilled water, and is adjusted to pH 4.8. B. glumae produced a yellowish white colony with a diffusible yellow pigment on CCNT medium, which was distinguishable from other bacterial species when incubated at 41°C for 2 to 4 days. On CCNT medium, B. glumae was detected at a rate similar to that on S-PG medium in rice seeds, while other microorganisms were detected at a much lower rate. Received 16 September 1999/ Accepted in revised form 4 January 2000  相似文献   

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Tobacco mosaic virus</Emphasis> Is Transmissible from Tomato to Tomato by Pollinating Bumblebees     

Kiyotsugu OKADA  Shin-ichi KUSAKARI  Mitsuo KAWARATANI  Jun-ichi NEGORO  Satoshi T OHKI  Takeshi OSAKI 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2000,66(1):71-74

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was detected by ELISA, electron microscopy and/or bioassay from bumblebee (Bumbus terrestris), pollen clumps, nest materials and bee-visited anthers of flowers from greenhouses in which tomatoes had been pollinated by bees and were severely infected with TMV. Experimental bee-mediated transmission of TMV in greenhouse tomatoes demonstrated that the bumblebees transported TMV from plant to plant and that they spread the virus in greenhouses. This is the first report describing TMV transmission by bumblebees. Received 11 August 1999/ Accepted in revised form 30 September 1999  相似文献   

Kinetics of the hydroxymethylation of phenol I: Rate equation and method of analysis     

Mitsuo Higuchi  Sho-Ichi Nohno  Shin-ichiro Tohmura 《Journal of Wood Science》1998,44(3):198-203

Seven reactions take place consecutively and competitively during the hydroxymethylation of phenol in aqueous alkaline media. This hydroxymethylation is the first step in the formation of phenolic resins and has long been studied. However, the rate equation, which can describe the seven reactions in those reaction systems where the alkali/phenol molar ratios are <1.0, has not yet been obtained. The authors present a rate equation (in a differential form) for a computer simulation. This equation involves the concentration of hydroxide ion, [OH^–], which changes with the change in the composition of the reaction system and cannot be expressed as a function of reaction time. However, the value of [OH^–] can be obtained by numerical calculation. In the computer simulation the reactions occur for an infinitesimal unit of time, and the changes in the concentrations of formaldehyde, phenols, and hydroxide ion are calculated. The next step of the reaction takes place according to the reaction conditions that result from the previous step. In this manner the reactions progress step by step in a computer. Using this method we can describe the reaction time course, (i.e., the changes in the concentrations of phenol, formaldehyde, and five species of hydroxymethylphenols with the reaction time).Part of this paper was presented at the 47th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kochi, April 1997  相似文献   

Nutrient distribution across wheat rhizosphere with oxamide and ammonium sulfate as N source     

Md. Yunus Miah  Shinjiro Kanazawa  Mitsuo Chino 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):579-587

Analysis of the behavior of slow releasing nitrogen fertilizers in the rhizosphere soil of agricultural crops is essential for their effective use. This work presents a comparative study of the effects of oxamide and ammonium sulfate as different N sources on the relative mobility of some nutritionally important anions and cations and their relevance to plant growth, root development, and pH distribution pattern in the rhizosphere of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Nourin No. 61). Experiment was conducted on a Japanese upland alluvial soil through a rhizobox approach. In the central compartment (CC) of the oxamide and ammonium sulfate treated rhizoboxes, four uncontaminated and homogeneous wheat seedlings germinated on a sterile petridish were grown for nearly two months. During the growing period plant height was recorded weekly. After the growing period, rhizoboxes were dismantled for soil sampling and photography of roots. Soil samples from each compartment of the two rhizoboxes were used for the analysis of CI^-, N0₃ ^-, SO₄ ^2-, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, NH₄ ⁺-N, N0₃ ^--N and measurement of pH. Compared with ammonium sulfate, the distribution of anions and cations from the distant compartments to the central ones over a distance of 3–5 mm along with a better plant growth, high rooting density, and high pH confirmed that oxamide was an efficient nitrogen fertilizer.  相似文献   

Species differences in calcium and potassium distributions within plant roots     

Mitsuo Chino 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):487-503

Abstract

The Ca and K distributions in the roots of soybean, kidneybean and corn were investigated in relation to their lateral movement within the roots using an electronprobe X-ray microanalyzer. In the corn roots, the accumulation site of Ca was the wall of the cortical cells and little Ca was detected in the stele, suggesting that apoplasmic movement of Ca was blocked by the endodermis. In the legume roots, Ca was detected at the wall of the endodermal and stelar cells as well as the cortical cells, suggesting that the endodermis of the legume roots was permeable to the apoplasmic movement of Ca. K was mainly found within the cells of the roots, suggesting symplasmic movement of K. Neither accumulation nor depletion of the cations at the soil-root interface was observed, but the concentrations of the cations at the root surface appeared to be reduced when the roots were grown in the soil.  相似文献