Ophthalmic examination,biometry, and histologic findings in captive inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)     

Michelle G. Martin de Bustamante  Alanna N. Johnson  Sarah G. Shippy  Hillary Allgood  Caryn E. Plummer 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2020,23(4):696-706

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Darwinian selection on a selfing locus     

Shimizu KK  Cork JM  Caicedo AL  Mays CA  Moore RC  Olsen KM  Ruzsa S  Coop G  Bustamante CD  Awadalla P  Purugganan MD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5704):2081-2084

The shift to self-pollination is one of the most prevalent evolutionary transitions in flowering plants. In the selfing plant Arabidopsis thaliana, pseudogenes at the SCR and SRK self-incompatibility loci are believed to underlie the evolution of self-fertilization. Positive directional selection has driven the evolutionary fixation of pseudogene alleles of SCR, leading to substantially reduced nucleotide variation. Coalescent simulations indicate that this adaptive event may have occurred very recently and is possibly associated with the post-Pleistocene expansion of A. thaliana from glacial refugia. This suggests that ancillary morphological innovations associated with self-pollination can evolve rapidly after the inactivation of the self-incompatibility response.  相似文献   

Reversible unfolding of single RNA molecules by mechanical force     

Liphardt J  Onoa B  Smith SB  Tinoco I  Bustamante C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,292(5517):733-737

Here we use mechanical force to induce the unfolding and refolding of single RNA molecules: a simple RNA hairpin, a molecule containing a three-helix junction, and the P5abc domain of the Tetrahymena thermophila ribozyme. All three molecules (P5abc only in the absence of Mg2+) can be mechanically unfolded at equilibrium, and when kept at constant force within a critical force range, are bi-stable and hop between folded and unfolded states. We determine the force-dependent equilibrium constants for folding/unfolding these single RNA molecules and the positions of their transition states along the reaction coordinate.  相似文献   

Equilibrium information from nonequilibrium measurements in an experimental test of Jarzynski's equality   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Liphardt J  Dumont S  Smith SB  Tinoco I  Bustamante C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,296(5574):1832-1835

Recent advances in statistical mechanical theory can be used to solve a fundamental problem in experimental thermodynamics. In 1997, Jarzynski proved an equality relating the irreversible work to the equilibrium free energy difference, DeltaG. This remarkable theoretical result states that it is possible to obtain equilibrium thermodynamic parameters from processes carried out arbitrarily far from equilibrium. We test Jarzynski's equality by mechanically stretching a single molecule of RNA reversibly and irreversibly between two conformations. Application of this equality to the irreversible work trajectories recovers the DeltaG profile of the stretching process to within k(B)T/2 (half the thermal energy) of its best independent estimate, the mean work of reversible stretching. The implementation and test of Jarzynski's equality provides the first example of its use as a bridge between the statistical mechanics of equilibrium and nonequilibrium systems. This work also extends the thermodynamic analysis of single molecule manipulation data beyond the context of equilibrium experiments.  相似文献   

Biological control of bacterial wilt of potatoes caused byPseudomonas solanacearum     

Luigi Ciampi-Panno Ph.D.  Carmen Fernandez M.Sc  Pedro Bustamante  Nancy Andrade  Susana Ojeda  Andres Contreras 《American Journal of Potato Research》1989,66(5):315-332

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New Biomass Sources to Reduce Peat Dependence in Mediterranean Substrates: Validation of Morus alba L., Sorghum vulgare L., and Phoenix canariensis Pruning Wastes     

Raul Moral  Marian Bustamante  C. Eugenia Ferrández-García  M. Teresa Ferrández-García  Teresa Garcia-Ortuño 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):10-19

The use of alternative materials to peat in soilless crop production, such as woody pruning wastes, has been reported by several researchers. In Mediterranean countries, several potential alternatives have been identified such as palm species or woody pruning wastes coming from different plant species. Mulberry (Morus alba L.) is a tree crop widely used in Europe for urban landscaping and to provide shade. Mulberry trees are pruned in sericulture two or three times a year to obtain a better yield of leaves. In an urban landscape, the trees are pruned once a year to form the canopy. Sorghum (Sorghum vulgare L.) is a cereal crop widely cultivated because it is considered the fourth most important summer crop in the world after soy, corn, and sunflower. It is one among the few resilient crops that can adapt well to future climate change conditions, particularly increasing drought, soil salinity, and high temperatures. After the harvest, the inedible parts of the plant, the stalks and leaves, are left over and must be disposed of, most of the time by burning. Palm trees in Spain, as in most of the European regions where palms are cultivated, are mainly used as ornamental plants in urban areas. One of the most commonly used palm tree in landscaping is the Canary Island date palm (Phoenix canariensis Hort. Ex Chavaud). These palm trees are pruned up to twice a year in this region, producing huge amounts of biomass that are disposed of in landfills. In this experiment, physical and chemical parameters were determined in the different particle sizes (<0.25, 0.25–1, 1–2, and 2–4 mm) of the raw residual materials from pruning activities of mulberry (Morus alba L.), sorghum (Sorghum vulgare L.), and palm (Phoenix canariensis) to evaluate their suitability for use as growing substrate. According to the results obtained, it can be concluded that the alternative materials for substrate preparation obtained from the pruning wastes of Morus alba (MAPW), Sorghum vulgare (SVPW), and Phoenix canariensis (PCPW) had suitable values of physical properties related to substrate porosity and wetting capacity. These materials also had high or very high total organic carbon (C) to total nitrogen (N) ratio values and low nutrient contents, except for potassium (K) in SVPW and PCPW.  相似文献   

Pyogenic bacterial infections in humans with IRAK-4 deficiency     

Picard C  Puel A  Bonnet M  Ku CL  Bustamante J  Yang K  Soudais C  Dupuis S  Feinberg J  Fieschi C  Elbim C  Hitchcock R  Lammas D  Davies G  Al-Ghonaium A  Al-Rayes H  Al-Jumaah S  Al-Hajjar S  Al-Mohsen IZ  Frayha HH  Rucker R  Hawn TR  Aderem A  Tufenkeji H  Haraguchi S  Day NK  Good RA  Gougerot-Pocidalo MA  Ozinsky A  Casanova JL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,299(5615):2076-2079

Members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) and interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) superfamily share an intracytoplasmic Toll-IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain, which mediates recruitment of the interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) complex via TIR-containing adapter molecules. We describe three unrelated children with inherited IRAK-4 deficiency. Their blood and fibroblast cells did not activate nuclear factor kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and failed to induce downstream cytokines in response to any of the known ligands of TIR-bearing receptors. The otherwise healthy children developed infections caused by pyogenic bacteria. These findings suggest that, in humans, the TIR-IRAK signaling pathway is crucial for protective immunity against specific bacteria but is redundant against most other microorganisms.  相似文献   

Composition in essential and non-essential elements of early stages of cephalopods and dietary effects on the elemental profiles of Octopus vulgaris paralarvae     

Roger Villanueva  Paco Bustamante 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,261(1):225-240

During the present study, we aimed at providing a first look at the elemental composition of the early stages of cephalopods as an approach to their elemental requirements in culture. Essential and non-essential elemental profiles of the European cuttlefish Sepia officinalis, the European squid Loligo vulgaris and the common octopus Octopus vulgaris laboratory hatchlings and wild juveniles were analysed. In addition, for O. vulgaris we determined elemental profiles of mature ovary, eggs in different stages of development and followed possible effects of four dietary treatments during paralarval rearing, also analyzing elemental content of the live preys Artemia nauplii and Maja brachydactyla hatchling zoeae. Content was determined for essential (As, Ca, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Rb, S, Sr, Zn) and non-essential (Ag, Al, Ba, Cd, Hg, Pb) elements. The content in non-essential elements found in hatchlings and juveniles of the three species analyzed here seems to be far lower in comparison with subadult and adult stages of coastal cephalopods. In the octopus eggs, the non-essential element concentrations remained globally low compared to hatchlings and juveniles indicating the absorption of these elements along the ontogenetic development. The elemental composition of the octopus ovary and of the eggs, hatchlings and juveniles of the three cephalopod species analyzed here showed a high content in S. As expected, the calcified internal shell of the cuttlefish, rich in Ca and Sr, originates the main difference between species. It is remarkable the richness in Cu of hatchling octopus, that may indicate a particular nutritional requirement for this element during the planktonic life. The reared octopus paralarvae feed on Artemia nauplii, a prey with relatively low Cu content, showed nearly half Cu content that the “natural” profile of octopus hatchlings or wild juveniles. This suggests a dietary effect and/or an indication of the poor physiological stage of the Artemia-fed paralarvae. At the present, the percentage of essential element absorption by food or seawater is unknown for cephalopods and should be determined in the future to understand their feeding requirements in culture.  相似文献   

Effects of a long distance transport and subsequent recovery in recently weaned crossbred beef calves in Southern Chile     

Marianne Werner  Christian Hepp  Cristian Soto  Paz Gallardo  Hedie Bustamante  Carmen Gallo 《Livestock Science》2013,152(1):42-46

In Chile, prolonged transport of cattle is an important issue due to geographical conditions. This study describes the variation of body weight and some blood constituents related to stress response during one long distance transport (63 h) of recently weaned calves for fattening in the Chilean Patagonia. Results concerning blood variables related to stress showed that the whole process of rounding up, weaning and transport was stressful for the calves and that animal welfare was impaired. Cortisol values were significantly lower after unloading (1.0±0.4 μg/dl), as compared to before loading (1.5±0.4 μg/dl). The significant body weight loss from before loading (240±26.9 kg) to after unloading (210±24.2 kg), and the long recovery time, adds economic losses to the producers at destiny. As transport period cannot be shortened due to the typical Chilean geography in the Patagonian region and the scarcity of proper routes, it is recommended that conditions of transported calves should be improved by using specialized livestock vehicles that can provide more comfort, as well as access to water and food during the journey.  相似文献   

Toxoplasma gondii infection of cats in epizootiological and clinical aspects     

Smielewska-Loś E  Pacoń J 《Polish journal of veterinary sciences》2002,5(4):227-230

A total of 200 cats from a south-western region of Poland were tested for antibodies to T. gondii. 105 (52.5%) examined cats were seropositive for T. gondii. Positive results were found in 16 (50%) out of 30 homeless cats, 33 (55%) out of 60 cats kept in shelters, and 56 (51.85%) out of 108 pet cats visiting outpatients clinics. 70 of pet cats stayed indoor and never left house, the others (38 cats) lived at house, but frequently abided outdoor. The seroprevalence in the last group was higher than in cats kept indoor, in shelters or homeless cats, however the differences were not statistically significant. Among the cats kept exclusively indoor the statistically significant difference in seropositivity was noted between the cats fed raw meat (69.23%) and the ones eating only commercial feed or cooked meat (19.35%), chi2 = 17.24, P < 001. Males were more frequently infected than females, but the differences were not statistically significant. In cats over 5 years old the percentage of positive results was significantly higher than in the younger ones. The ranges of antibody titres measured by LAT (latex agglutination test) were in agreement with ranges estimated by IFAT (indirect fluorescent antibody test). The LAT titres over 1980 IU/ml and IF IgG titres over 1:4000 were found only in cats, in which clinical toxoplasmosis was confirmed.  相似文献