Modified in vitro method to label equine red blood cells with technetium 99m in concentrated whole blood     

P D Koblik  W J Hornof  S C Srivastava 《American journal of veterinary research》1989,50(4):531-535

An in vitro method to label equine RBC with technetium 99m was modified to achieve quantitative labeling of cells in concentrated whole blood. After a blood sample was incubated with a reducing agent (stannous citrate), an oxidizing reagent (NaOCl) and a chelating agent (EDTA) were added to inactivate residual Sn2+ in the plasma. This step prevented premature reduction of pertechnetate in plasma. Labeling of RBC from 9 healthy horses, using a standard whole blood protocol, resulted in only moderate labeling efficiency (44 to 85%) and indicated a linear relationship between labeling efficiency and PCV. Effects of increased incubation time, increased incubation temperature, prelabeling sedimentation, and double addition of NaOCl/EDTA were investigated in whole blood from 10 healthy horses. Labeling efficiency was improved by each independent factor and by combination of factors. Highest labeling efficiencies (96 to 97%) were achieved when blood samples were sedimented for 20 minutes before being labeled, regardless of incubation time or incubation temperature. Morphologic features of RBC were unaffected by labeling procedures. In vivo whole blood clearance time for labeled cells was determined in 5 healthy horses. Sedimented blood samples were labeled, using a standard 15-minute incubation time at 20 to 22 C. Mean clearance half-time for 5 horses was approximately 20 hours. More than 95% of 99mTc activity was associated with the cells during the 24 hours after reinjection.  相似文献   

Treatment of "humpsore" in cattle caused by Stephanofilaria assamensis     

H D Srivastava  H C Malviya 《The Indian veterinary journal》1968,45(6):484-488

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Seasonal variation in thyroidal 131I uptake and thyroxine secretion rate in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).     

P Prakash  D Sharma 《Acta veterinaria Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae》1975,25(4):369-375

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Sensitive Detection of a Phytoplasma Associated with Little Leaf Symptoms in Withania somnifera     

J. A. Khan  P. Srivastava  S. K. Singh 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,115(4):401-408

Withania somnifera is an important medicinal plant native to the Indian-sub continent. Owing to the presence of a number of precious alkaloids, flavonoids and withanolides, it is widely used in the Indian and African systems of medicines. It is severely affected by phytoplasma present in the sieve tubes of phloem. With a view to micropropagate phytoplasma-free W. somnifera plants, an efficient and effective nested PCR-based system was developed for detection of associated phytoplasmas. Universal primers, designed from the 16S rDNA sequences of phytoplasmas, were applied in direct/nested-PCR. Total DNA extracts from leaf tissues of 33 suspected symptomatic and 11 non-symptomatic plants were subjected to direct PCR. The direct PCR products were subsequently employed as templates in nested PCR. The nested PCR could reamplify direct PCR products yielding a DNA fragment of 1.4 kb. A phytoplasma was detected in all the diseased plants and not from the healthy looking plants. Further, it was sensitive enough to amplify phytoplasma DNA obtained from crude DNA diluted up to 2500 times from naturally infected plants and also from various stages of in vitro-propagated diseased plants. Identical restriction fragment polymorphism enzyme profiles were obtained following restriction enzyme digestion of nested PCR products, obtained from five different plants, by EcoRI, AluI and RsaI restriction endonucleases. The developed nested PCR based system should facilitate indexing of the phytoplasma in different stages of in vitro-generated plants and probably identification of, as yet unknown, hosts and vectors of phytoplasma associated with phytoplasma disease of W. somnifera.  相似文献   

Response of interspecific Brassica juncea/Brassica rapa hybrids and their advanced progenies to Albugo candida (white blister)     

K. Gupta  D. Prem  N. I. Nashaat  A. Agnihotri 《Plant pathology》2006,55(5):679-689

Transfer of factors for resistance to white blister disease caused by Albugo candida between Brassica species involving two genotypes each of B. juncea and B. rapa was studied in hybrids. More hybrids were obtained by in vivo than in vitro techniques, although an in vitro phase was a prerequisite for the establishment of in vivo hybrids. Hybrids were identified by PCR-based inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers with both male and female species-specific bands being identified. There was a positive correlation between disease severity and number of days after sowing ( r  > 0·93), the highest being towards pod formation and plant maturity at 110 days after sowing. The plants from F₂ and BC₁ progeny showed higher resistance to A. candida than either of the parents. Plants of B. juncea and B. rapa with high field resistance (disease index < 1·0) were selected from BC₂ and F₂BC₁ generations. The frequency of plants classified as resistant in BC₂ progeny ranged from 4·5 to 39·0% in cross-combinations involving B. juncea genotypes as female parent, compared with 100% in the reciprocal cross involving B. rapa as female parent.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics, urinary excretion and dosage regimen of levofloxacin following a single intramuscular administration in cross bred calves     

Vinod K. Dumka  Anil K. Srivastava 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2006,7(4):333-337

The pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion following single intramuscular administration of levofloxacin at a dose of 4 mg/kg was investigated in seven male cross bred calves. Appreciable plasma concentration of levofloxacin (0.38 ± 0.06 µg/ml) was detected at 1 min after injection and the peak plasma level of 3.07 ± 0.08 µg/ml was observed at 1 h. The drug level above MIC₉₀ in plasma was detected up to 12 h after administration. Rapid absorption of the drug was also evident by the high value of the absorption rate constant (2.14 ± 0.24 /h). The overall systemic bioavailability of levofloxacin, after intramuscular administration, was 56.6 ± 12.4%. The high value of AUC (7.66 ± 0.72 mg . h/ml) reflected the vast area of body covered by drug concentration. Extensive distribution of the drug into various body fluids and tissues was noted by the high value of Vd_area (1.02 ± 0.05 l/kg). The high ratio of AUC/MIC (76.6 ± 7.25) obtained in this study indicated excellent clinical and bacteriological efficacy of levofloxacin in calves. The elimination half-life and MRT were 3.67 ± 0.4 h and 5.57 ± 0.51 h, respectively. The total body clearance (Cl_B) was 204.9 ± 22.6 ml/kg/h. On the basis of the pharmacokinetic parameters, a suitable intramuscular dosage regimen for levofloxacin in calves would be 1.5 mg/kg repeated at 12 h intervals.  相似文献   

Modification of the Pharmacokinetics and Dosage of Cefuroxime by Endotoxin-induced Fever in Buffalo Calves     

Chaudhary  R.K.  Srivastava  A.K.  Rampal  S. 《Veterinary research communications》1999,23(6):361-368

The effect of endotoxin-induced fever on the pharmacokinetics and dosage regimen of cefuroxime was investigated in buffalo calves following a single intravenous dose of 10 mg/kg body weight. The fever was induced by intravenous administration of E. coli endotoxin at a dose of 1 g/kg body weight. The distribution and elimination half-lives were 0.100 h and 1.82 h, respectively, in healthy and 0.109 h and 2.28 h, respectively, in febrile buffalo calves. About 91% of the administered dose was excreted in the urine within 24 h. There was no effect of fever on the plasma protein binding of cefuroxime. The dosage regimen for intravenous administration of cefuroxime may be reduced in febrile conditions but the probability of this was only 0.3.  相似文献   

Enzymatic Peeling of Potato: A Novel Processing Technology     

Moumita Bishai  Anshu Singh  Sunita Adak  Jyotsana Prakash  Lakshmishri Roy  Rintu Banerjee 《Potato Research》2015,58(4):301-311

Development of an innovative biotechnological method for potato peeling, closer to the ‘ideal’ peeling conditions of the product, was the main objective of the present research. Studies on enzymatic hydrolysis of potato peel were conducted. The efficacy of enzymatic peel hydrolysis was expressed in terms of reducing sugar content of the enzyme solution in which potato peel was incubated. Enzyme screening revealed that an enzyme solution containing a cellulase-xylanase mixture and amylase in a ratio of 1:1 showed good peel hydrolyzing efficiency of peeled peels. To further maximise the peel hydrolysis, condition parameters were optimised using response surface methodology (RSM). At the optimised conditions of 60 °C, pH 6 and 4 h, the reducing sugar yield in the solution was maximum. Characterization of the potato peel using microscopic techniques (scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM)) further illustrated degradation of cell wall and reduction in the surface roughness of the peel after enzymatic treatment, which could enhance peel loosening from the intact potato. To further ascertain the efficiency of the process, studies were conducted with the selected enzyme on intact potato tubers under optimised conditions. Easy removal of peel was observed in enzyme-treated potato tubers, which showed 0.52% peel loss by abrasive peeling. The present process employing enzymes could be applied for peeling of intact potato as an alternative to conventional peeling process.  相似文献   

Dietary microbial levan ameliorates stress and augments immunity in Cyprinus carpio fry (Linnaeus, 1758) exposed to sublethal toxicity of fipronil     

Sanjay Kumar Gupta  Asim Kumar Pal  Narottam Prasad Sahu  Neelam Saharan  Sagar Charan Mandal  Chandra Prakash  Mohammed Shahbaz Akhtar  Ashisa Kumar Prusty 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(5):893-906

A 45‐day feeding trial was conducted to study the stress ameliorating and immunomodulatory role of microbial levan in Cyprinus carpio fry exposed to sublethal dose (1/10th LC₅₀) of fipronil [(±)‐5‐amino‐1‐(2,6‐dichloro‐α,α,α‐trifluoro‐p‐tolyl)‐4‐trifluoromethylsulfinylpyrazole‐3‐carbonitrile]. Two hundred and twenty‐five fry were randomly distributed in five treatments in triplicates. Four purified diets were prepared with graded levels of microbial levan. Five different treatment groups were levan control L₀P₀ (basalfeed + 0% levan without exposure to pesticide); pesticide control L₀P₁ (basalfeed + 0% levan with exposure to pesticide); L_0.25P₁ (basalfeed + 0.25% levan with exposure to pesticide); L_0.50P₁ (basalfeed + 0.50% levan with exposure to pesticide) and L_0.75P₁ (basalfeed + 0.75% levan with exposure to pesticide). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and fructose‐1,6‐diphosphatase (FDPase) activites were significantly (P < 0.05) increased, whereas alkaline phosphatase (ALP), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and acetyl choline esterase (AchE) activities were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in higher levan‐fed groups. RBC, haemoglobin and WBC counts were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in the levan‐fed groups. Similar trends were also observed for the total serum protein, globulin, NBT and lysozyme activities. Blood glucose and serum cortisol exhibited a third order polynomial relationship with increasing level of dietary levan. Overall result showed stress ameliorating, immunostimulating and protective role of microbial levan against fipronil‐induced stress in C. carpio fry at 0.75% level of dietary levan supplementation.  相似文献   

Surface modifications of natural Kanchipuram silk (pattu) fibers using glow discharge air Plasma     

K. Vinisha Rani  N. Hari Prakash  Infant Solomon  Bornali Sarma  Arun Sarma 《Fibers and Polymers》2016,17(1):52-58

Experimental investigations have been carried out to modify the surface properties of natural Kanchipuram silk (pattu) fibers using a low temperature DC glow discharge air Plasma. Silk is an externally spun fibrous protein secretion formed into fibers. Plasma treatment is an eco-friendly, dry, and clean process over wet chemical method and does not suffer from any environmental and health concerns. Experiments have been performed considering three parameters such as discharge current, treatment time, and working pressure. The structural, thermal, morphological, optical, and mechanical studies of raw and plasma treated silk fibers have been obtained out using attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), diffuse absorbance spectroscopy, and tensile test. A comparative study has been done for the untreated and different treated fibers. Various characterization analyses reveal that surface roughness of the plasma treated silk fiber is increased and also crystallite size of treated samples is enhanced, plasma treated silk fibers maintain the whiteness effect and it is observed that UV transmittance region (A & B) is more for the treated fiber which signifies enhanced UV protection.  相似文献