Climate‐induced vulnerability of fisheries in the Coral Triangle: Skipjack Tuna thermal spawning habitats     

Roberto Venegas  Thomas Oliver  Russell E. Brainard  Mudjekeewis Santos  Rollan Geronimo  Matthew Widlansky 《Fisheries Oceanography》2019,28(2):117-130

We investigated projected changes in sea surface temperature (SST) and the associated impacts on spawning habitat for skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) in the Coral Triangle region (CT). A multimodel aggregate of SST CMIP5 models for the CT region, based on a comprehensive skill validation assessment, was used to identify the five best performing of 36 models tested for inclusion in a regional multimodel ensemble. Monthly 1° SST multimodel aggregate projections for the CT region under RCP8.5 show that increases in SST, as high as 2.8°C (mean value), will likely occur by the end of this century. Using these estimates of SST change, we applied three parameterizations of skipjack tuna spawning temperatures to assess the potential for change in spawning habitat within the CT region. The three spawning temperature parameterizations were as follows: (a) a square‐wave function derived from catch data with boundaries at 26 and 30°C; (b) a symmetric Gaussian function derived from the SEAPODYM models; and (c) an asymmetric Gaussian function that modifies the SEAPODYM curve in (b) to include the results of relevant physiological experiments. All three parameterizations show similar geographic patterns, with the amount of favourable spawning habitat decreasing throughout the central, equatorial CT region and increasing at higher latitudes. However, the three parameterizations show marked differences in the modelled magnitude of change, with an asymmetric Gaussian function (ASGF) showing a regionwide average of 66.1% decline in favourable spawning habitat between 2015 and 2099. These projected changes in tuna spawning habitats are likely to have important consequences on local and regional fisheries management in the CT region.  相似文献   

Effects of 17/0 circle hooks and bait on fish catches in a Southern Atlantic swordfish longline fishery          下载免费PDF全文

Sérgio Amorim  Miguel N. Santos  Rui Coelho  Joana Fernandez‐Carvalho 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2015,25(4):518-533

Influence of gamete density,salinity and temperature on the normal embryonic development of the mangrove oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae Guilding, 1828     

Antonia Euflosina Dos Santos  Iracema Andrade Nascimento 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1985,47(4):335-352

Laboratory experiments were undertaken to determine the optimal environmental conditions and some of the other factors concerned in the development of Crassostrea rhizophorae embryos.Critical variables such as the number of spermatozoa per ovocyte during fertilization, the time of fertilization after gamete liberation, egg density, temperature and salinity were related to the proportion of normal D-larvae of C. rhizophorae in the resulting broods.The highest proportion of normal D-larvae was obtained at concentrations of 500–5000 spermatozoa/ovocyte, under conditions of 25‰ salinity at 25 ± 1°C. The optimal density of eggs, for the production of normal D-larvae, was 10⁴?4 × 10⁴ ovocytes/l. If fertilization was delayed for more than 45 min after liberation of spermatozoa the proportion of normal D-larvae was greatly reduced. The experiments demonstrated that the temperature for developing embryos should be below 30°C. At 20 and 25°C there was a high proportion of normal D-larvae 24 h after fertilization. The ideal salinity for embryonic development in C. rhizophorae was 25–37‰. Below a salinity of 16‰, less than 2.5% of the D-larvae were normal.  相似文献   

Effects of no‐take area size and age of marine protected areas on fisheries yields: a meta‐analytical approach     

Frederic Vandeperre  Ruth M. Higgins  Julio Sánchez‐Meca  Francesc Maynou  Raquel Goñi  Pablo Martín‐Sosa  Angel Pérez‐Ruzafa  Pedro Afonso  Iacopo Bertocci  Romain Crec’hriou  Giovanni D’Anna  Mark Dimech  Carmelo Dorta  Oscar Esparza  Jesús M. Falcón  Aitor Forcada  Ivan Guala  Laurence Le Direach  Concepción Marcos  Celia Ojeda‐Martínez  Carlo Pipitone  Patrick J. Schembri  Vanessa Stelzenmüller  Ben Stobart  Ricardo S. Santos 《Fish and Fisheries》2011,12(4):412-426

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are often promoted as tools for biodiversity conservation as well as for fisheries management. Despite increasing evidence of their usefulness, questions remain regarding the optimal design of MPAs, in particular concerning their function as fisheries management tools, for which empirical studies are still lacking. Using 28 data sets from seven MPAs in Southern Europe, we developed a meta‐analytical approach to investigate the effects of protection on adjacent fisheries and asking how these effects are influenced by MPA size and age. Southern European MPAs showed clear effects on the surrounding fisheries, on the ‘catch per unit effort’ (CPUE) of target species, but especially on the CPUE of the marketable catch. These effects depended on the time of protection and on the size of the no‐take area. CPUE of both target species and the marketable catch increased gradually by 2–4% per year over a long time period (at least 30 years). The influence of the size of the no‐take area appeared to be more complex. The catch rates of the entire fishery in and around the MPA were higher when the no‐take areas were smaller. Conversely, catch rates of selected fisheries that were expected to benefit most from protection increased when the no‐take area was larger. Our results emphasize the importance of MPA size on its export functions and suggest that an adequate, often extended, time frame be used for the management and the evaluation of effectiveness of MPAs.  相似文献   

Characterization and Film-Forming Properties of Gelatins from Whitemouth Croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) Skin and Bones     

Sidney F. Bandeira  Roberto S.G. Silva  Jaqueline M. Moura 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2017,26(4):447-456

The Whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri), due to its abundance, is considered one of the most traditional and important species fished in the coastal waters and estuaries of South America. The aim of this work was to produce biopolymeric films of gelatins obtained from skin and bones of Whitemouth croaker. The fish gelatins were characterized through the yield, chemical composition, physiochemical, and rheological properties. The films were characterized by tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EAB), water vapor permeability (WVP), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and optical properties. The values of protein yield, hydroxyproline content, gel strength, melting temperature, gelling temperature, and viscosity of the skin gelatin were higher than the values of the bone gelatin. The films obtained of skin gelatin showed all properties and thermal analysis superior in relation to the films of bone gelatin; this can be justified by the best physicochemical and rheological characteristics of the skin gelatin.  相似文献   

Effect of three diets on the gametogenic development and fatty acid profile of Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) gonads     

Andreia I. G. Raposo  Susana M. F. Ferreira  Rodolfo Ramos  Pedro M. Santos  Catarina Anjos  Teresa Baptista  Carla Tecelo  Jos L. Costa  Ana Pombo 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(8):2023-2038

In this study, the effects of three diets were investigated to enhance Paracentrotus lividus production for commercial purposes. P. lividus were fed ad libitum for 80 days with: diet A—fresh Codium tomentosum Stackhouse, 1797; diet B—formulated using a jellified mix of macroalgae and vegetables, including C. tomentosum (20%), Coralina sp. Linnaeus, 1758 (17%), cabbage Brassica oleracea var. capitata Linnaeus, 1753 (30%), carrot Daucus carota Linnaeus, 1753 (30%) and agar (3%) as a gelling agent. Diet C consisted of maize Zea mays Linnaeus, 1753 (56%) and New Zealand spinach Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pallas, 1781) Kuntze, 1891 (44%). Their effects on the gonadal and somatic growths, gonadosomatic index (GI) and gametogenesis were evaluated, as well as on the total lipid content and fatty acid composition of sea urchin's gonads. Diet A provided high values of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Gonads of sea urchins fed with diet A were found mostly in growth and maturation stages of gametogenesis and showed the lowest lipid content. Sea urchins fed with diet B presented their gonads in the reabsorption stage and had the highest values of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Sea urchins fed with diet C were in the early stages of gametogenesis and had the highest values of lipid content, plus omega‐6 PUFAs. Once as an ingredient in a balanced mix with vegetables, C. tomentosum can be a key factor to the development of new promising high‐quality and low‐cost feed for P. lividus roe enhancement.  相似文献   

Dynamics and efficacy of sulfentrazone,flumioxazin, and isoxaflutole herbicides applied on eucalyptus harvest residues     

Carbonari  Caio Antonio  Gomes  Giovanna Larissa Gimenes Cotrick  Krenchinski  Fábio Henrique  Simões  Plinio Saulo  Batista de Castro  Edicarlos  Velini  Edivaldo Domingues 《New Forests》2020,51(4):723-737

New Forests - Eucalyptus harvests generate residues that remain on the soil and affect the efficacy of preemergent herbicides in the following planting cycle. The objective of this work was to...  相似文献   

Characterization of symptoms of senescence and chilling injury on inflorescences of Heliconia bihai (L.) cv. Lobster Claw and cv. Halloween     

Andreza S. Costa  Luis Carlos Nogueira  Venézio F. dos Santos  Fernando Luiz Finger  Terezinha Rangel Camara  Vivian Loges  Lilia Willadino 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2011,59(1):103-109

Inadequate temperatures during the shipping and commercialization of cut tropical flowers may accelerate the senescence process and cause chilling injury, leading to symptoms that have not yet been described for Heliconia bihai. The aim of the present study was to evaluate physiological responses in cut inflorescences of H. bihai cv. Lobster Claw (LC) and cv. Halloween (HW) as well as symptoms of senescence and chilling injury. For such, changes in fresh weight, bract color (L*, a* and b*), percentage of absolute integrity (PAI) of cell membranes and leakage of potassium ions (LPI) were determined. The flowering stems were evaluated at five different intervals after harvest (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 d). A refrigerated treatment (RT) with a temperature of 6.5 °C and 85% relative humidity was compared to a control treatment (CT) at room temperature of 24 °C and 66% relative humidity. Both cultivars stored at 6.5 °C exhibited dryness of bract tissue (symptom of senescence) and dark stains that became brownish and evolved to necrosis (symptom of chilling injury). The visual quality of inflorescences decreased with time in both cultivars maintained without refrigeration. The severity of chilling injury increased with the length of storage time in both cultivars. There was a significant reduction in the fresh weight of inflorescences in both treatments (RT and CT) and both cultivars (LC and HW). Bract color changed in both cultivars at 6.5 °C. There was no change in PAI throughout the evaluation period in the inflorescences stored at room temperature, whereas those stored at 6.5 °C for 6 and 8 d had lower PAI values. The inflorescences in the control treatment underwent no change in LPI values, whereas those stored under refrigeration had increased LPI values after the sixth day of storage. The physiological responses of cut Heliconia flowers were influenced by storage period and temperature, as demonstrated by visual symptoms of chilling injury and senescence.  相似文献   

Metribuzin degradation in soil: II—effects of tillage     

Martin A. Locke  Sidney S. Harper 《Pest management science》1991,31(2):239-247

A 140-day laboratory incubation, using surface soil from a long-term soybean tillage study, evaluated tillage influence on [¹⁴C]metribuzin degradation. Higher plant residue conditions in no-tillage (NT) soil inhibited metribuzin mineralization to [¹⁴C]carbon dioxide as compared to metribuzin degradation patterns observed in conventional tillage (CT) soil. At 140 days, relative abundance of extractable ¹⁴C components in NT included polar metabolites > metribuzin = deaminated metribuzin (DA) = deaminated diketometribuzin (DADK), while in CT, components included metribuzin > polar metabolites > DADK?DA. Conditions in NT apparently inhibited polar ¹⁴C degradation, and resulted in its accumulation, while in CT polar ¹⁴C degradation proceeded relatively rapidly. For both NT and CT, more ¹⁴ C was measured in an unextractable fraction than in any other fraction. A greater portion of the unextractable fraction in NT was associated with decomposed plant residue than in CT. Surface accumulation of crop residue, such as occurs under NT, provided a soil environment which altered metribuzin degradation patterns.  相似文献   

Incidence and treatment of hydrometra in Canary Island goats     

Batista M  Medina J  Calero P  González F  Quesada E  Gracia A 《The Veterinary record》2001,149(11):329-330

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