Group B Betacoronavirus in Rhinolophid Bats,Japan     

Jin SUZUKI  Ryota SATO  Tomoya KOBAYASHI  Toshiki AOI  Ry? HARASAWA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(9):1267-1269

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Canine Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Promote Functional Recovery in Mice with Spinal Cord Injury     

Yasutaka ODA  Kenji TANI  Yusuke ASARI  Luiz Fernando QUINTANILHA  Tomoya HARAGUCHI  Yutaka MOMOTA  Masaaki KATAYAMA  Kazuhito ITAMOTO  Hiroshi NAKAZAWA  Yasuho TAURA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(6):905-908

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Wood properties and their among-family variations in 10 open-pollinated families of Picea jezoensis     

Jun Tanabe  Akira Tamura  Mika Hamanaka  Futoshi Ishiguri  Yuya Takashima  Jyunichi Ohshima  Kazuya Iizuka  Shinso Yokota 《Journal of Wood Science》2014,60(5):297-304

This study aimed to evaluate radial and among-family variations of wood properties in Picea jezoensis. A total of 174 trees were randomly selected from 10 open-pollinated families in a progeny trial for measuring stem diameter, dynamic Young’s modulus of log (DMOE_log), annual ring width (ARW), air-dry density (AD), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and modulus of rupture (MOR). Mean values of DMOE_log, AD, MOE, and MOR were 9.60 GPa, 0.41 g/cm³, 9.44 GPa, and 76.6 MPa, respectively. Significant differences among families were observed in all properties. F values obtained by analyzing variance in wood properties were higher than those generally observed in growth traits. In addition, F values in wood properties remained relatively higher from the 1st to 25th annual ring from the pith, although F value in ARW rapidly decreased with each increase in annual ring number. These results indicate that genetic factors largely contributed to the variance in wood properties compared with the growth traits.  相似文献   

REDD+ initiatives for safeguarding biodiversity and ecosystem services: harmonizing sets of standards for national application     

Makoto Ehara  Kimihiko Hyakumura  Yasuhiro Yokota 《Journal of Forest Research》2014,19(5):427-436

In the context of growing concerns about environmental aspects of reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries (acronym REDD+), we conducted a comparative analysis of three sets of globally-applicable standards and one instrument of REDD+ initiatives for safeguarding biodiversity and ecosystem services: (1) social and environmental principles and criteria, (2) REDD+ social and environmental standards, (3) climate, community, and biodiversity project design standards, and (4) strategic environmental and social assessment. We found that their projected proximal outcomes for biodiversity and ecosystem service treatments, and approaches to achieve them, are not uniform (e.g., differences in spatial coverage for expecting positive impacts, prioritized REDD+ activities, and expected level of rigor in biodiversity and ecosystem service monitoring). We also found that all four include identification of the priority areas for biodiversity and ecosystem services, plus monitoring and mitigation of the negative impacts of REDD+ activities. These all require substantial time and resources to fully address what the three standards and the instrument actually stipulate. We thus propose options for harmonizing their use to facilitate scaling-up of efforts to strengthen safeguards, from the project level to the national level, while respecting individual national contexts and taking advantage of each standard’s characteristics.  相似文献   

Repeated reaching of the harmful algal bloom of Karenia spp. around the Pacific shoreline of Kushiro,eastern Hokkaido,Japan, during autumn 2021     

Hasegawa  Natsuki  Watanabe  Tsuyoshi  Unuma  Tatsuya  Yokota  Takashi  Izumida  Daisuke  Nakagawa  Toru  Kurokawa  Tadahide  Takagi  Satomi  Azumaya  Tomonori  Taniuchi  Yukiko  Kuroda  Hiroshi  Kitatsuji  Saho  Abe  Kazuo 《Fisheries Science》2022,88(6):787-803

Unprecedented large-scale algal blooms were observed during autumn 2021 around the Katsurakoi fishing port, Kushiro, eastern Hokkaido, Japan. Monitoring of shoreline water showed that chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations and the cell density of Karenia spp., dominated by Karenia selliformis, repeatedly increased synchronously between September and November 2021. These increases were associated with a southerly wind-driven current, which transported offshore water on the shelf towards the shoreline at the sea surface. The blooms were prolonged as a result of algal accumulation in the semi-closed fishing port. The maximum Chl a concentration and cell density exceeded 50 µg Chl a/L and 10⁴ cells/mL, respectively. During the autumn bloom of Karenia spp., the nitrate?+?nitrite and phosphate concentrations in the water were lower than those in 2019 and 2020, and the silicate concentration was comparable. The ammonium concentration during the bloom was notably higher than before the bloom period, reaching 15 µM. Mass mortality of several fish species and echinoderms that were cultured using rearing water intake from the same shoreline occurred synchronously with the increase in Karenia spp.

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Establishment of a multiplex RT-PCR assay for the rapid detection of fish cytokines     

Tomoya Kono  Hiroaki Takayama  Ryusuke Nagamine  Hiroki Korenaga  Masahiro Sakai 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2013,151(1-2):90-101

To monitor the expression of cytokine genes in Japanese pufferfish, a novel platform for quantitative multiplexed analysis was developed. This custom-designed multiplex RT-PCR assay was used to analyze the expression profiles of 19 cytokine genes, including pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A/F3, IL-18, TNF-α, TNF-N), anti-inflammatory (IL-4/13A, IL-4/13B, IL-10), T-cell proliferation/differentiation (IL-2, IL-15, IL-21, TGF-β1), B-cell activation/differentiation (IL-7, IL-6, IL-4/13A, IL-4/13B), NK cell stimulation (IL-12p35 and IL-12p40), induction of anti-viral activity (I-IFN-1 and IFN-γ), and monocyte/macrophage progenitor cell proliferation (M-CSF1b) cytokines in head kidney cells under immune stimulatory conditions. The expression profiles were dissimilar in the unstimulated control and immune-stimulated cells. Moreover, increased expression profile was observed due to different stimulations for IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, IL-21, TNF-α, TNF-N, I-IFN-1 and IFN-γ genes. These results suggest that cytokine genes could be used as biomarkers to know the immune status of fish. The constructed multiplex RT-PCR assay will enhance understanding on immune regulation by cytokines in fish.  相似文献   

Primary and secondary structures of grammistins, peptide toxins isolated from the skin secretion of the soapfish Pogonoperca punctata     

Kazuo Shiomi  Hiroshi Yokota  Yuji Nagashima and  Masami Ishida 《Fisheries Science》2001,67(1):163-169

SUMMARY: Six peptides (grammistins Pp 1, 2a, 2b, 3, 4a and 4b) with both hemolytic and ichthyotoxic activities were isolated from the skin secretion of the soapfish Pogonoperca punctata by gel filtration and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. They were completely sequenced and found to be simple peptides differing from the previous suggestion that they are peculiar peptides with tertiary amine or quaternary ammonium base moieties. Grammistins Pp 1, 2a and 2b were composed of 13 residues, Pp 3 of 25 residues and Pp 4a and 4b of 24 residues. While grammistins Pp 4a and 4b were identical and highly homologous with grammistin Gs 2 previously isolated from another soapfish Grammistes sexlineatus , the other grammistins did not have homologies with any proteinic or peptidic toxins known to date. Judging from circular dichroism data, helical wheel projections and hydrophobic moment plots, all the isolated grammistins are surface-seeking peptides with an abundance in amphiphilic α-helicity, similar to pardaxins from the skin secretion of two species of soles and melittin from bee venom as well as the G. sexlineatus grammistins.  相似文献   

The Application of Three-Dimensional Internal Structure Microscopy in the Observation of Mare Ovary     

J. Kimura  A. Tsukise  H. Yokota  Y. Nambo  & T. Higuchi 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2001,30(5):309-312

The ovary of the mare has a unique structure which differs totally from that of other mammals. However, because of its relatively large size, conventional histological techniques were unsuitable for the observation of the internal structure of the whole ovary. Three-dimensional internal structure microscopy (3D-ISM) consists of a cryotome-CCD camera-laser disc recorder-PC-based control system coupled with a graphic workstation. The internal structure of the ovary is observed by processing over more than 1,000 stored images of serially sliced surfaces of each frozen equine ovary. The 3D reconstruction was done using the full-coloured, volume-rendering method. The relationship between the localization of medulla, cortex and ovulation fossa was clarified. The ovulation fossa is localized in the centre of the ovary and is surrounded by a broad ovarian cortex. A trace of ovulation was observed only at the ovulation fossa. Medulla are localized in narrow peripheral areas. The phenomenon of the competition to occupy the cortical area ahead of the ovulation fossa by developing secondary follicles was visualized. Spatial localization of various sized follicles was identified from 3D-reconstructed images. In this study, it has been clarified that application or this novel computerized technique can clarify the anatomical arrangements of the equine ovary and the complex mechanism of equine follicular development.  相似文献   

Lead exposure induces pycnosis and enucleation of peripheral erythrocytes in the domestic fowl     

Hiraga T  Ohyama K  Hashigaya A  Ishikawa T  Muramoto W  Kitagawa H  Mizuno N  Teraoka H 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2008,178(1):109-114

Lead (Pb) shot were administered orally to young chickens to determine the effects on red blood cells (RBCs). The concentrations of Pb in the blood of young chickens rose rapidly after Pb administration and were maintained at high levels for several days. The number of RBCs with pycnotic nuclei, reticulocytes and enucleated RBCs increased concurrently. Pycnotic nuclei were surrounded by enlarged nucleolemmal cisternae, which sometimes opened to the extracellular space. Gel electrophoresis showed that the presence of pycnotic nuclei was not associated with DNA fragmentation typical of apoptosis. It was concluded that exposure to lead shot changes nuclear morphology in the peripheral blood of domestic fowl.  相似文献   

The gut microflora and the uptake of glucose from the small intestine of the chick     

M. E. Coates  C. B. Cole  R. Fuller  S. B. Houghton  H. Yokota 《British poultry science》1981,22(3):289-294

1. Chicks whose growth rate had been depressed either by a fully conventional flora or by association with a bile acid deconjugating strain of Streptococcus faecium and/or a filterable agent from chicken droppings showed no significant reduction in uptake of 3‐O‐methyl‐a‐D‐glucopyranose compared with germ‐free birds.

2. Association with a microflora increased the weight of the gut per unit length.  相似文献