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Kimihiko Hyakumura 《Small-Scale Forestry》2010,9(3):349-367
A progressive part of protected area management program in Lao PDR is a land and forest allocation program which contains
critical elements that delegate right of land and forest use to local people. This study analyzes the gap between the original
intent of the program and its actual implementation by local officials in Phou Xang He protected area, and discusses policy
issues that need to be addressed. It appears that several types of non-compliance with regulations by local people have occurred,
with local officials tacitly ignoring infractions. By switching viewpoints, however, it appears that the local officials permit
these infractions as a way of allowing local people to secure their livelihoods. As constraints on the realities of land and
forest use vary widely in and around villages in different locales, there is a need for government to allow local officials
flexibility in implementing policies. 相似文献
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Impact of short‐term climate effects and sea ice coverage variation on Japanese scallop aquaculture in Saroma Lake,Japan 
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下载免费PDF全文 Yang Liu Sei–Ichi Saitoh Kimihiko Maekawa Kan‐Ichiro Mochizuki Yongjun Tian 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(5):1752-1767
Saroma Lake is the southernmost lagoon exhibiting seasonal sea ice coverage in the Northern hemisphere and one of the most important aquaculture areas for Japanese scallops (Mizuhopecten yessoensis). Under conditions of adequate food and appropriate temperature, scallops grow well from the time of ice melting in April to harvesting starting in July. However, over the past decade, Saroma Lake frequently has not been completely covered by ice in winter, and the production of Japanese scallops has shown significant changes. Therefore, this study integrated data from satellite remote sensing, buoys, and in situ observations with climatic events [the winter East Asian Monsoon (EAM) and El Niño/La Niña–Southern Oscillation events] to investigate the impact of ice coverage variations on scallop growth in Saroma Lake between 2007 and 2015. Daily ice conditions were detected using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer false colour images and an unsupervised classification method. The results indicated that EAM strongly influenced the ice coverage variation in Saroma Lake through their effects on temperature during winter. Ice coverage variations show a strong correlation with water temperature and spring phytoplankton blooms, which are the two most important environmental factors for scallop growth. In addition, extreme climate events could cause water temperature anomalies (as in 2015) which are unfavourable for scallop growth. Monitoring ice conditions should be considered when developing plans and management strategies for scallop aquaculture in Saroma Lake. 相似文献
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Hidehiro Inagaki Toshiyuki Imaizumi Guang-Xi Wang Tohru Tominaga Kimihiko Kato Hiroyuki Iyozumi Hideki Nukui 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2009,95(3):117-120
All living organisms spontaneously generate ultraweak photon emissions, which originate from biochemical reactions in cells. Current research uses the ultraweak photon emission from organisms as a novel indicator in nondestructive analyses of an organisms living state. This study indicates that ultraweak photon emissions from Monochoria vaginalis are different between resistant biotypes (R) to sulfonylurea (SU) and susceptible biotypes (S). In SU-R biotypes, distinct increases in photon emissions were observed, but there was little increase in SU-S biotypes. In addition, photon emissions from the resistant biotypes of M. vaginalis were suppressed by treatment with P450 inhibitors. This suggests that cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, which plays a crucial role in the metabolic detoxification of SUs, could be associated with the generation of ultraweak photon emissions. Ultraweak photon emissions have a potential use in a novel diagnosis system as an indicator in a nondestructive testing of weeds resistant to SUs. 相似文献
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Tomohiro Osaki Seiji Kurozumi Kimihiko Sato Taro Terashi Kazuo Azuma Yusuke Murahata Takeshi Tsuka Norihiko Ito Tomohiro Imagawa Saburo Minami Yoshiharu Okamoto 《Marine drugs》2015,13(8):5007-5015
N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) is a monosaccharide that polymerizes linearly through (1,4)-β-linkages. GlcNAc is the monomeric unit of the polymer chitin. GlcNAc is a basic component of hyaluronic acid and keratin sulfate found on the cell surface. The aim of this study was to examine amino acid metabolism after oral GlcNAc administration in dogs. Results showed that plasma levels of ectoine were significantly higher after oral administration of GlcNAc than prior to administration (p < 0.001). To our knowledge, there have been no reports of increased ectoine concentrations in the plasma. The mechanism by which GlcNAc administration leads to increased ectoine plasma concentration remains unclear; future studies are required to clarify this mechanism. 相似文献
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Kubota Kenji Tsukahara Narutoshi Hoshino Keisuke Ikeda Kentaro Sakai Hiroshi Toriyama Kimihiko 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2022,88(5):300-308
Journal of General Plant Pathology - Variable domain of heavy chain of heavy-chain (VHH) antibodies (Abs) have been widely applied for the detection and therapeutics of viral pathogens. Here, we... 相似文献
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Takahiro Fujiwara San Afri Awang Wahyu Tri Widayanti Ratih Madya Septiana Kimihiko Hyakumura Noriko Sato 《Small-Scale Forestry》2018,17(1):41-56
Indonesia is one of the largest teak timber producers in the world. The Javanese State Forest Company has been a major producer of teak timber in Indonesia; however, log production decreased drastically due to severe illegal logging after the collapse of Suharto regime. In contrast, small-scale private forests (PFs) owned by local farmers have expanded and are expected to be a new source of teak timber. Long rotation is a critical factor in producing a larger diameter log with a higher heartwood proportion. However, harvest timing in PFs is traditionally decided based on individual farmers’ needs even if trees are still young and of small diameter. Therefore, traditional harvesting is an obstacle to producing high-quality teak timber. The objectives of this study are to (1) identify the household economies and PF management styles of local farmers, (2) characterize the local farmers who conduct traditional harvesting, and (3) suggest key considerations for PF policymaking. Key informant interviews and semi-structured interviews with local farmers were conducted in three villages in Gunungkidul district, Yogyakarta Special Region. The study identified the household economies, the ownership and management structures, and the traditional harvesting in PFs in the three villages, and reaffirmed diversity and complexity of PFs. It appears that PF management is influenced by topographic and socioeconomic conditions and differs widely across villages. Therefore, it is important to consider the diversity and complexity of PFs in PF policymaking. 相似文献
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Hidehiro Inagaki Guang-Xi Wang Kimihiko Kato Hiroyuki Iyozumi 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2007,89(2):158-162
All living organisms spontaneously generate ultraweak photon emissions, which originate from biochemical reactions in cells. Current research uses the ultraweak photon emissions from organisms as a novel tool to investigate the physiological states of plants. In this study, we found ultraweak photon emissions from leaf segments of rice and several paddy weed species treated with a sulfonylurea herbicide. There is a definite difference in photon emissions among plant species, and rice (Oryza sativa), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) and Cyperus serotinus showed extremely strong enhancement of photon emissions. Photon emissions from these three species treated with sulfonylurea herbicide were suppressed when the leaf segments were treated with the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) inhibitors, piperonyl butoxide and malathion. These results suggest that P450 inhibitors affect the ultraweak photon emissions from plants. 相似文献
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In the context of growing concerns about environmental aspects of reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries (acronym REDD+), we conducted a comparative analysis of three sets of globally-applicable standards and one instrument of REDD+ initiatives for safeguarding biodiversity and ecosystem services: (1) social and environmental principles and criteria, (2) REDD+ social and environmental standards, (3) climate, community, and biodiversity project design standards, and (4) strategic environmental and social assessment. We found that their projected proximal outcomes for biodiversity and ecosystem service treatments, and approaches to achieve them, are not uniform (e.g., differences in spatial coverage for expecting positive impacts, prioritized REDD+ activities, and expected level of rigor in biodiversity and ecosystem service monitoring). We also found that all four include identification of the priority areas for biodiversity and ecosystem services, plus monitoring and mitigation of the negative impacts of REDD+ activities. These all require substantial time and resources to fully address what the three standards and the instrument actually stipulate. We thus propose options for harmonizing their use to facilitate scaling-up of efforts to strengthen safeguards, from the project level to the national level, while respecting individual national contexts and taking advantage of each standard’s characteristics. 相似文献
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