制梗丝关键工序烟梗原料有机酸含量的变化     

高辉  唐习书  王仕宏  李思源  肖冬  程亮  李云  祁林 《贵州农业科学》2020,48(1):125-130

为制梗丝关键工序加工方式的改进提供参考依据,利用单因素方差分析和主成分分析法,研究制梗丝过程关键工序烟梗原料中挥发性有机酸和非挥发性有机酸含量的差异性及变化规律。结果表明:在关键工序(原梗、切梗丝、梗丝加料到梗丝干燥后)测定的18种有机酸含量差异均达显著水平,其中14种有机酸含量呈先降后升再降的变化趋势;不同工序烟梗样品2类有机酸前2个主成分得分在二维平面上的投影分布的分类现象明显;烟梗中的有机酸综合含量在切丝工序后显著降低,加料工序后显著升高,干燥工序后又显著降低。为降低高强度气流干燥过程梗丝表面料液香味成分的大量挥发,加料工序料液配方中的部分调味剂和增香剂可在干燥工序后使用,以提高烟用料液的有效利用率。  相似文献   

转轮下环间隙对混流式水轮机内部流动特性的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

吴子娟  梁武科  董玮  高晨辉  陈帝伊 《农业工程学报》2020,36(2):23-29

水轮机转轮间隙内的泄漏涡、泄漏流等复杂的湍流易影响水轮机的性能与稳定性。为了分析下环间隙对混流式水轮机能量特性和内部流态的影响,该文基于N-S方程和SST湍流模型,考虑了0.6 Qd(Qd为设计流量工况)、0.8 Qd、Qd、1.2 Qd共4种流量工况,对5种下环间隙下的混流式水轮机模型机进行三维全流道数值计算。通过对比不同下环间隙方案对混流式水轮机效率与容积损失的影响,结合不同水轮机内部流场特征,分析下环间隙与水轮机性能的关系。计算结果表明:下环间隙由0.4 mm增大到1.3 mm,机组泄漏量增大,水轮机效率整体呈下降趋势。其中,当机组在小流量0.6 Qd工况运行时,间隙对水轮机能量特性影响最为明显,效率下降了4.1个百分点。当机组在小流量0.6 Qd与0.8 Qd工况运行时,下环间隙增大,间隙内部流场与尾水管内部流场呈现小幅度恶化;当机组在大流量1.2 Qd工况运行时,下环间隙增大,转轮叶片吸力面压力分布以及尾水管内部流场均得到改善。该研究可为混流式水轮机结构设计提供有效参考。  相似文献   

Effect of forsythiaside A on immune function in rats with ulcerative colitis     

YU Liang  JIANG Hui-li  LIU Hao-jie 《园艺学报》2020,36(6):1128-1132

AIM To investigate the effect of forsythiaside A (FA) on immune function in rats with ulcerative colitis and its related mechanism. METHODS Healthy SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group (no treatment, normal feeding), model group (establishment of rat ulcerative colitis model), and low, medium and high doses of FA groups (treatment of the model rats with FA at 5 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg, respectively). The malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in rat colon tissues were measured by colorimetry, and the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 were detected by ELISA. The spleen index and thymus index, the percentages of CD3⁺, CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMC）, the serum IgA and IgG levels, and the serum complement C3 and C4 levels were also determined. RESULTS The colon tissues of the rats in model group showed obvious inflammation and ulceration, indicating that the animal model was successfully established. Compared with model group, the colonic inflammation and ulceration were significantly attenuated in FA groups, among which the high dose had the best effect. Compared with control group, the spleen index and thymus index of the rars in model group were decreased (P<0.05), MDA content in colon tissues was increased (P<0.05), and SOD activity in colon tissues was decreased (P<0.05). The levels of CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD8⁺ and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T-lymphocytes in PBMC, and the serum levels of C3, C4 and IL-4 were decreased (P<0.05), while the serum levels of IgA, IgG, TNF-α, and IL-2 were increased in model group as compared with control group. Furthermore, the spleen index and thymus index of the rats in FA groups were increased (P<0.05), the MDA content in the colon tissues was decreased (P<0.05), and the SOD activity in the colon tissues was increased (P<0.05). The levels of CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD8⁺ and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T-lymphocytes in PBMC, and the serum levels of C3, C4 and IL-4 were increased (P<0.05), while serum IgA, IgG, TNF-α and IL-2 levels were decreased in FA groups as compared with model group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Forsythiaside A effectively attenuates the colonic lesions in rats with ulcerative colitis, and its mechanism may be related to reinforcement of oxygen free radical scavenging power, alleviation of inflammatory response, and enhancement of immune function.  相似文献   

中低分子量腐殖酸提高冬小麦磷吸收和产量的机理   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

李伟  袁亮  张水勤  林治安  李燕婷  赵秉强 《植物营养与肥料学报》2020,26(11):2043-2050

  【目的】  研究不同分子量腐殖酸与磷肥复合制备的腐殖酸磷肥对作物和土壤磷有效性的影响，为腐殖酸磷肥研发和磷素高效利用提供理论依据。  【方法】  利用超滤分级方法，将风化煤腐殖酸分子量分为 > 100 kDa、10～100 kDa和 < 10 kDa 3个部分，获得高 (HA_H)、中 (HA_M)、低 (HA_L) 不同分子量的腐殖酸，采用磷酸与KOH反应法制备普通磷肥 (P)、未分级腐殖酸磷肥 (PHA)、高分子量腐殖酸磷肥 (PHA_H)、中分子量腐殖酸磷肥 (PHA_M) 和低分子量腐殖酸磷肥 (PHA_L) 5种磷肥。采用深100 cm、内径25 cm的土柱进行冬小麦栽培试验，按等磷量原则，设置P、PHA、PHA_H、PHA_M、PHA_L 5个施磷处理，同时设置与4个施磷处理对应的等量腐殖酸处理 (HA、HA_H、HA_M、HA_L)，以不施磷肥为对照CK。测定小麦产量及产量构成因素、植株磷含量及不同层次土壤有效磷含量。  【结果】  1) 与CK相比，腐殖酸处理 (HA、HA_H、HA_M、HA_L) 小麦增产不明显。与普通磷肥相比，PHA、PHA_M和PHA_L处理产量显著提高了14.73%、18.84%、21.37% (P < 0.05)，3 个处理间产量差异不显著，PHA_H增产不明显。PHA_L处理千粒重显著高于普通磷肥处理，其余3个腐殖酸磷肥处理增幅未达显著水平。2) PHA、PHA_M和PHA_L处理籽粒吸磷量较普通磷肥处理分别显著提高14.97%、19.45%、22.68%，而PHA_H增幅未达显著水平；腐殖酸磷肥处理间秸秆吸磷量没有显著差异。3) 与普通磷肥相比，PHA、PHA_H、PHA_M、PHA_L磷肥偏生产力和农学效率分别提高14.71%、6.01%、18.82%、21.35%和14.95%、1.66%、20.18%、23.03%，磷肥表观利用率分别提高2.93、0.51、4.52、5.41个百分点，也以中、低分子量腐殖酸磷肥效果最为明显，腐殖酸中的氧烷基碳、羧基/酰胺基碳、烷基碳结构与小麦籽粒产量和磷肥利用率具有正相关性，与芳香碳、芳香C―O负相关。4) 4个腐殖酸磷肥处理间及其与普通磷肥处理间 0—20、20—40、40—60 cm 土层土壤有效磷含量差异不显著。  【结论】  田间土柱栽培条件下，单施腐殖酸对小麦没有表现出明显的增产效果。腐殖酸中的氧烷基碳、羧基/酰胺基碳、烷基碳结构与小麦磷素吸收具有正相关性，低分子量腐殖酸具有较多的烷基碳、氧烷基碳、羧基/酰胺基碳结构，因而低分子量腐殖酸提高磷肥中磷素利用率的作用好于中分子量腐殖酸，而高分子量腐殖酸的效果不显著。  相似文献   

河西走廊戈壁温室番茄无土栽培基质筛选     

贾靓  陈修斌  李翊华  许耀照 《蔬菜》2020,(6):53-56

为提高番茄无土栽培质量,以番茄品种"金福莱"为试材,研究了6种不同配比基质对河西走廊温室无土栽培番茄生长的影响。结果表明:采用处理Ⅳ(沙∶玉米秸秆∶食用菌下脚料∶商品基质∶鸡粪=4∶5∶5∶6∶3)的基质配比(体积比),番茄光合速率、蒸腾速率、胞间CO_2和气孔导度数值最大,植株保持较强的生长势与结果能力,番茄株高、茎粗、单株结果数、单株产量和折合667 m~2产量等性状均显著优于其他处理,分别为178.60 cm、1.13 cm、16.36个、3.12 kg和7 531.68 kg;其果实的可溶性糖、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物、VC和番茄红素含量最高,分别为4.15%、0.58%、7.30%、302.2 mg/kg和152.4 mg/kg,明显优于其他处理;因此,在河西走廊戈壁温室番茄无土栽培中推荐使用此配比基质。  相似文献   

Composition of clay minerals and their pedogenetic and taxonomic implications for Stagnic Anthrosols derived from different parent materials in Hunan Province,China     

Yu  Zhan  Zhang  Yangzhu  Sheng  Hao  Zhang  Liang  Zhou  Qing  Yan  Xiong 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2020,20(3):1558-1570

Purpose

The aims of this study were to investigate the composition of clay minerals in soils derived from different parent materials and to elucidate how parent materials and pedogenic environment affect the distribution of clay minerals and reveal the implications for pedogenetics and taxonomy in Stagnic Anthrosols.

Materials and methods

Clay mineralogy and physicochemical properties of the Hydragric horizon of Stagnic Anthrosols derived from granite (GR), plate shale (PS), quaternary red clays (QRC), limestone (LS), purple sandy shale (PSS) and fluvial-lacustrine deposit (FLD) located in Hunan Province of China were analysed to explore the relationships between the conditions influencing the formation of the soil and the composition of clay minerals.

Results and discussion

Results indicated that the composition of clay minerals is closely related to both parent material and type of Stagnic Anthrosols: the soils derived from GR, PS and QRC, which are mostly classified as Fe-accumulic-Stagnic Anthrosols, are dominantly 1:1 type kaolinite and vermiculite and illite/vermiculite mixed layer minerals of widespread distribution. However, soils derived from LS, PSS and FLD were mainly classified as Hapli-Stagnic Anthrosols and are mainly composed of 2:1 type illite/smectite mixed layer minerals, where chlorite is commonly found. Illite is widely distributed and its content varies the least among different parent materials. An extremely significant relationship between pH and kaolinite, chlorite and mixed layer minerals was noted, and the two kinds of mixed layer minerals showed highly significant negative correlation.

Conclusions

This study revealed that the types and quantities of clay minerals in the soil are closely related to the types of parent material. This reflected better direction and degree of development in Stagnic Anthrosols, which is related to the physicochemical properties of parent material and can be used as one of the bases for the classification of soil groups and subgroups within the soil family for Stagnic Anthrosols in Chinese Soil Taxonomy.

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不同来源吸附载体大豆糖蜜对奶牛瘤胃内环境的影响     

韩奇鹏  张佩华  罗玲  揭红东  周传社  陈亮  孔志伟 《草业科学》2016,33(12):2559-2564

为考察不同来源吸附载体大豆糖蜜对奶牛瘤胃内环境的影响,采用3×3拉丁方试验设计,选用3头年龄相同(3胎次)、体重相近[(500±50)kg]且安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的中国荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,分别饲喂基础日粮、豆皮糖蜜和麸皮糖蜜日粮。结果表明,豆皮糖蜜组和麸皮糖蜜组瘤胃pH均极显著高于对照组(P0.01),而豆皮糖蜜组和麸皮糖蜜组之间瘤胃pH没有显著差异(P0.05);麸皮糖蜜组瘤胃NH_3-N浓度显著低于对照组(P0.05),但与豆皮糖蜜组没有显著差异(P0.05);各处理间奶牛瘤胃各单个挥发性脂肪酸(volatile fatty acid,VFA,包括乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸和戊酸)浓度、总VFA浓度和乙丙比均没有显著差异(P0.05);但与对照组相比,豆皮糖蜜组瘤胃总VFA浓度有降低趋势;而麸皮糖蜜组瘤胃总VFA浓度有提高趋势。结果显示,在奶牛饲料中可用豆皮糖蜜替代15%玉米以及用麸皮糖蜜替代6%玉米和10%麸皮,均具有调控瘤胃稳衡的作用,且麸皮糖蜜替代效果优于豆皮糖蜜。  相似文献   

猪ECH1基因部分序列的遗传变异分析     

张冬杰  刘娣  汪亮  王文涛  杨国伟 《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2011,(19)

为了进一步研究烯脂酰辅酶A水解酶1(enoyl CoA hydratase,ECH1)基因的生物学功能,研究采用克隆测序结合PCR-RFLP的方法分析了民猪ECH1基因的部分DNA序列,并对其中的1个点突变进行了3个猪种内的基因型频率和基因频率计算。结果表明:研究所检测的ECH1基因序列与网上已有序列相比存在8个单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)位点,其中有2个造成酶切位点的改变;民猪和大白猪在PCR-RFLP-BamHⅠ位点的A、B基因频率均接近0.5,而长白猪B为优势等位基因。  相似文献   

开展农林工程注册监理工程师继续教育培训的若干思考     

田佳  梁超 《国家林业局管理干部学院学报》2015,14(2):33-36

随着林业建设的不断发展,林业各领域对农林工程注册监理工程师的需求量逐年增加,切实提高农林工程监理队伍的文化素养和业务能力显得尤为必要.针对当前农林工程注册监理工程师继续教育培训中存在的学习态度不端正、工学矛盾突出、培训手段单一、培训内容针对性不强等问题,建议以现代培训理念为指导,加强培训需求调研,因材施教,加强师资库、教材库、案例库“三库”建设,提升教学质量.  相似文献   

仿生法评定抗草甘膦玉米和转Bt基因玉米的酶水解物能值的研究     

钟儒清  陈亮  高理想  黄庆华  刘蕾  张宏福 《动物营养学报》2015,27(5)

本试验旨在分析抗草甘膦玉米和转Bt基因玉米原料及饲粮与同源非转基因玉米原料及饲粮体外总能消化率以及酶水解物能值,为转基因玉米的营养实质等同性仿生评定方法的研究提供参考。试验采用单因素完全随机设计,使用单胃动物仿生消化系统模拟饲料原料和饲粮在鸡胃肠道的消化过程,分析同源非转基因玉米、抗草甘膦玉米和转Bt基因玉米以及对应的3种玉米-豆粕饲粮在不同体外模拟消化阶段的干物质消化率、总能消化率和酶水解物能值的差异。结果表明:同源非转基因玉米、抗草甘膦玉米和转Bt基因玉米以及对应饲粮在常规概率成分含量上是相似的。抗草甘膦玉米及饲粮与同源非转基因玉米及饲粮相比,在干物质和能量胃消化率、全消化道消化率及酶水解物能值上均没有显著差异(P0.05)。转Bt基因玉米全消化道总能消化率低于同源非转基因玉米(P=0.03,变异系数=0.50%),对应玉米饲粮的酶水解物能值则高于同源非转基因玉米饲粮(P=0.02,变异系数=1.12%),但均处于仿生消化系统测试的误差范围内(变异系数≤1.64%)。由此可见,抗草甘膦玉米的酶水解物能值与同源对照玉米没有差异,而转Bt基因玉米存在统计学意义上的差异,但所有的测值均处于仿生消化系统的测试误差之内。仿生法发现的差异是否具有生物学意义有待体内试验验证。仿生法可为转基因饲料营养等同性研究提供一种新方法。  相似文献