亚精胺浸种对番茄种子萌发及幼苗高温抗性的影响     

王玉  刘国州  蔡溧聪  郭世荣 《中国蔬菜》2020,1(5):34-39

以番茄品种合作903为试验材料,设置0、0.1、0.2、0.4 mmol · L~(-1 )亚精胺(Spd)浸种10 h,研究不同浓度Spd浸种对番茄种子萌发、幼苗生长及高温抗性的影响。结果表明:不同浓度Spd浸种处理均能显著提高番茄种子的发芽指数和活力指数,幼苗地下部干质量和壮苗指数明显提高,其中0.2 mmol · L~(-1 )Spd浸种处理发芽最快,活力指数最高。Spd浸种处理降低了高温胁迫下番茄叶片的相对电解质渗透率、丙二醛(MDA)和H_2O_2含量,其中0.2 mmol · L~(-1 )Spd处理的相对电解质渗透率、MDA和H_2O_2含量最低;抗氧化酶(SOD、APX、DHAR)活性增加,并在0.2 mmol · L~(-1)时达到最大值。综上,0.2 mmol · L~(-1 )Spd浸种能有效促进番茄种子萌发和幼苗生长,提高番茄幼苗高温抗性。  相似文献   

纵条纹炭角菌的研究进展     

贺新生  谭仁豪  袁小红  马林  黄毅  陈波 《食药用菌》2020,28(2):93-97

纵条纹炭角菌具有镇静、催眠等药用价值,已实现工厂化、规模化栽培。为探究纵条纹炭角菌的研究进展,对其分类学地位、生物学特性、人工培养、化学成分和生理活性等方面的文献进行综述,并提出未来研究的方向和应用前景。  相似文献   

High-throughput screening reveals small molecule modulators inhibitory to Acidovorax citrulli     

Yu Lu  Loïc Deblais  Gireesh Rajashekara  Sally A. Miller  Yorsa A. Helmy  Haijun Zhang  Ping Wu  Yanhong Qiu  Xiulan Xu 《Plant pathology》2020,69(5):818-826

Acidovorax citrulli is a seed-transmitted gram-negative bacterium that can cause substantial economic yield loss in watermelon and melon production worldwide. Four small-molecule libraries containing 4,952 compounds were selected for high-throughput screening against A. citrulli wild-type strain Xu3-14 by evaluation of growth inhibition. One hundred and twenty-seven molecules (2.5% hit rate) were identified as bactericidal or bacteriostatic against A. citrulli at 100 μM. Secondary screens indicated that 27 candidate compounds were more effective against A. citrulli Group II strains than Group I strains (classified using repetitive element PCR). Several compounds were inhibitory to other pathogenic bacteria, including Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, but did not affect the growth of plant beneficial bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis. More than half of the compounds did not inhibit germination of Arabidopsis or watermelon seeds. The effect of small molecules on A. citrulli seed-to-seedling transmission was evaluated by applying each compound to inoculated watermelon seeds and assessing seedling infection. Nine compounds were chosen for further investigation based on their reduction of percentage seedling infection and compiling scores on their specificity, sensitivity, and phytotoxicity obtained in the secondary screens. The five best compounds were selected (thiamphenicol, nadifloxacin, pipemidic acid, ciclopirox, and zinc pyrithione) for greenhouse tests and were found to effectively reduce the seed-to-seedling transmission of A. citrulli in both artificially and naturally infested seeds. These top five compounds provide a basis for future development of an A. citrulli-specific bactericide.  相似文献   

Occurrence of prophage and historical perspectives associated with the dissemination of huanglongbing in mainland China     

S. Fu  Z. Bai  H. Su  J. Liu  J. S. Hartung  C. Zhou  X. Wang 《Plant pathology》2020,69(1):132-138

Huanglongbing (HLB), associated with a non-culturable bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas), is a highly destructive citrus disease with a long but poorly documented history in China. No effective treatment for HLB is available. The identification of new prophages in abundant CLas genomic sequence data provides new insights into both the diversity of CLas strains and HLB management. In this study, CLas populations from nine provinces were surveyed for the presence of prophage. Two major prophage typing groups (PTGs) were discovered to be associated with two different altitude regions: strains of CLas in PTG1 from high altitude regions (HAR) mainly contained prophage Type 1 only or Types 1 and 3, whereas strains of CLas in PTG2 from low altitude regions (LAR) mainly contained prophage Type 2. The discovery of these CLas population patterns provides evidence for independent origins of HLB in HAR and LAR. Guangdong province is the generally recognized domestic region of origin for HLB and is primarily responsible for the dissemination of HLB in LAR through transport of seedlings. Both Yunnan and Sichuan provinces are the probable regions of origin for HLB in HAR. PTG2 was further divided into two subgroups: PTG2-1, found in Guangdong, Fujian and Guangxi and PTG2-2, found in Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Hunan. These regions and prophage types are correlated with early and late introductions of HLB in LAR. These molecular analyses were supported by studying the history of the dissemination of HLB in historical documents.  相似文献   

四种短体线虫的形态和分子生物学鉴定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杜宇  邓宗汉  丁元明  刘冰洋  李旻  雷屈文  林萌 《植物病理学报》2020,50(1):28-39

 采用形态学和分子生物学方法对来自荷兰的藏橐吾和铃兰、泰国的高山榕、缅甸的香蕉等种苗(球)分别鉴定出玻利维亚短体线虫Pratylenchus bolivianus、铃兰短体线虫P. convallariae、咖啡短体线虫P. coffeae和斯佩奇短体线虫 P. speijeri。对这4种线虫的形态特征进行较为详细的描述后,认为头环、口针、侧区、生殖系统和尾形等形态特征是种类鉴定的重要依据;进一步利用引物28S-D2A/28S-D3Br扩增测序得到上述4种线虫的28S rRNA基因D2/D3区序列,序列分析发现玻利维亚短体线虫从欧洲到美洲的不同种群之间的遗传距离变异较小,仅为0~0.007;铃兰短体线虫同一种群不同个体之间的遗传变异较大,为0.006~0.029;咖啡短体线虫不同种群之间的平均遗传距离为0.013;斯佩奇短体线虫不同种群之间的平均遗传距离为0.010;咖啡短体线虫P. coffeae和斯佩奇短体线虫P. speijeri亲缘关系很近,二者种间平均遗传距离仅为0.026。本研究再次证明线虫28S rRNA基因D2/D3区基因序列可作为短体线虫种间鉴定的依据。  相似文献   

刺葡萄棒状拟盘多毛孢叶斑病病原菌的分离鉴定及其防治药剂筛选     

唐鑫彪  倪玉洁  胡玉慈  白金慧  王琳  陈清西  文志丰 《植物保护》2020,46(4):110-115

葡萄叶斑病是一种严重影响葡萄产量的病害。为了明确引起刺葡萄叶斑病的病原菌种类及筛选有效防治药剂,本研究从福建农林大学实践教学基地采集刺葡萄‘高山二号’10片典型叶斑病病叶片,对分离得到的菌株进行形态学和分子鉴定。结果表明,通过形态学特征结合rDNA-ITS(ITS)、β-tubulin和EF-1α序列分析确定分离到的菌株均为棒状拟盘多毛孢Pestalotiopsis clavispora。防治药剂筛选的结果显示,不同的防治药剂对炭疽病菌的抑制效果不同,60%唑醚·代森联水分散粒剂和25%嘧菌酯悬乳剂对该病原菌菌丝生长的抑制效果最好,其EC_(50)分别为0.119 mg/L和0.178 mg/L;其次为80%波尔多液可湿性粉剂,其EC_(50)为1.766 mg/L;抑制效果最差的药剂为50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂,仅表现出轻微的抑制作用。防治棒状拟盘多毛孢菌丝生长和孢子萌发的最佳药剂是60%唑醚·代森联水分散粒剂和25%嘧菌酯悬乳剂,可作为备选药剂进行田间刺葡萄叶斑病防控试验。  相似文献   

解淀粉芽胞杆菌菌株HRH317对感染串珠镰孢菌玉米幼苗伏马毒素B₁含量及相关防御酶活性的影响     

赵欣  郝林 《植物保护学报》2020,47(2):273-282

为探讨解淀粉芽胞杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens菌株HRH317对感染串珠镰孢菌Fusarium moniliforme玉米幼苗产生伏马毒素B_1(FB_1)的影响,采用牛津杯法测定菌株HRH317对串珠镰孢菌的抑制活性,并通过浸种处理进行盆栽试验,应用高效液相色谱技术对生长至3叶期后不同时间玉米幼苗叶片中FB_1含量进行测定,同时于室内测定玉米幼苗叶片防御酶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性。结果表明:解淀粉芽胞杆菌菌株HRH317能明显抑制串珠镰孢菌生长,抑菌圈直径平均可达33.31 mm;玉米幼苗生长至3叶期后1～6 d,菌株HRH317能有效抑制玉米植株体内FB_1含量,经串珠镰孢菌分生孢子悬浮液与菌株HRH317菌悬液1∶1混合液处理玉米种子后,对幼苗中FB_1的抑制率为59.20%～75.70%;而玉米种子先接种菌株HRH317菌悬液后接种串珠镰孢菌分生孢子悬浮液处理对幼苗中FB_1的抑制率为76.77%～88.10%。且这2种处理中幼苗叶片的SOD、CAT、PAL和POD活性均较对照有不同程度提高,其峰值是对照的1.24～5.45倍。表明解淀粉芽胞杆菌菌株HRH317可通过抑制FB_1产生来降低串珠镰孢菌对玉米幼苗的侵害,同时能诱导玉米植株体内防御酶活性的表达而增强其系统抗性,在防治玉米穗腐病方面具有潜在的应用价值。  相似文献   

解淀粉芽胞杆菌HRH317对串珠镰孢菌菌丝形态和超微结构的影响     

赵欣  郝林 《植物保护学报》2020,47(1):110-118

为明确新型生防菌解淀粉芽胞杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HRH317菌株对病原菌串珠镰孢菌Fusarium moniliforme的抑制作用,采用牛津杯法对HRH317菌株抑菌活性进行测定,并采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和荧光显微镜对经HRH317菌株发酵上清液处理后的串珠镰孢菌菌丝形态及超微结构进行观察。结果显示,HRH317菌株发酵上清液对串珠镰孢菌有很好的抑菌活性,抑菌圈平均直径可达33.31 mm。扫描电镜结果显示,HRH317菌株发酵上清液处理24 h时,串珠镰孢菌菌丝体出现断裂现象;处理72 h时,串珠镰孢菌菌丝体断裂较严重,多处裂解;处理96 h时,串珠镰孢菌菌丝体彻底瓦解,且无完整菌丝体。透射电镜结果显示,HRH317菌株发酵上清液处理72 h时,串珠镰孢菌菌丝体细胞形态扭曲变形,细胞内结构紊乱,遭破坏。荧光显微镜结果显示,经PI染料染色处理12 h时,串珠镰孢菌细胞有少数细胞被染成红色,细胞膜通透性受一定程度破坏;处理16 h时,串珠镰孢菌细胞大面积被染红;处理20 h时,串珠镰孢菌细胞被染色面积增大;处理24 h时,串珠镰孢菌细胞膜受破坏程度增加,细胞内大面积被染色。表明解淀粉芽胞杆菌HRH317菌株对串珠镰孢菌菌丝形态和超微结构有破坏作用,能抑制病原菌串珠镰孢菌菌丝体生长。  相似文献   

Evolution of spatial structure patterns of city networks in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from the perspective of corporate pledge linkage     

Xingxing Jin  Guojian Hu  Hailong Ding  Shilin Ye  Yuqi Lu  Jinhuang Lin 《Growth and change》2020,51(2):833-851

The pledge of stock rights is a method for measuring the external horizontal connections of enterprises, which is more suitable to represent the city network compared with the vertical connections of enterprises. Meanwhile, it is greatly significant to express the relationships of regional spaces. The paper characterizes and explores the evolution of urban spatial structure with complex network research methods to enrich the relevant works on city networks in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2011 to 2017. The results are as follows: First, from 2011 to 2017, the pledge of stock rights among cities was enhanced significantly, and the trend of the city networks' characteristics become strengthened and more complicated. Second, cities in the Yangtze River Delta have relatively high connection values, however, cities in the western area are holding peripheral positions within the city network. Third, due to the advantages of economic agglomeration and radiation, the provincial capital have become the core nodes in the city network. Fourth, Shanghai, Hangzhou, and Nanjing have dominant positions within city networks in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Particularly, Shanghai, as one of the leading financial centers in China, has a growing influence on other cities and gradually evolved into a regional growth pole city and the first core city.  相似文献   

Rural land reforms and villagers' preferences for urban settlement: A case study of Shandong Province,China     

Wei Yu  Xiao Lu  Enru Wang 《Growth and change》2020,51(3):1259-1276

Based on surveys conducted in Shandong Province, China, this paper examined the interests of rural residents to move to and settle in cities, as well as the factors that motivate or discourage their potential settlement changes. Results of the binary logistic regression analysis showed that villagers' urban settlement preference was related to sociodemographic factors such as gender, age, and occupation. Overall, the separation of the “three rights” (collective ownership, land contract right, and land use right) associated with rural land has strengthened the urban settlement preference of rural residents. Nevertheless, we did not find significant association between land transfer and the preference for urban settlement. For villagers who expressed interest in urban settlement, better job opportunities, education opportunities, and higher income are the leading “pull” factors that would attract them to cities. The attachment to rural life, high living costs, and high housing prices in cities were the top concerns for villagers who did not want to move. The study also found that villagers' desired urban destinations changed with the changing land parameters, indicating that the outcomes of China's rural land reforms may not be aligned well with the policy goals laid in the country's urbanization and rural development plans.  相似文献